自债市"科技板"落地，市场主体发行科创债的热度持续攀升。 21世纪经济报道记者注意到，据Wind数据，截至2025年5月15日，科技创新债券累计发行规模已达2.10 万亿元。从券种结构来看，其中科技创新公司债发行规模约1.27万亿元，占比超过60%。而在金融支持 实体经济、为科技创新产业发展提供长期稳定的低息资本支持的导向下，科创债市场作为优质融资通道 的进一步扩容可谓势在必行。 5月7日，中国人民银行、中国证监会联合发布《关于支持发行科技创新债券有关事宜的公告》，从丰富 科创债产品体系、完善配套支持机制等方面提出13条具体举措，进一步推动科创债市场发展。同日，交 易商协会、银行间市场及沪深北三大交易所等多部门迅速响应，围绕发行、交易等环节优化流程，提升 科创债全链条服务效率。 5月14日，科技部、中国人民银行、金融监管总局、中国证监会、国家发展改革委、财政部、国务院国 资委联合制定了《加快构建科技金融体制 有力支撑高水平科技自立自强的若干政策举措》。 其中提到，建立债券市场"科技板"。推动科技创新公司债券高质量发展，将优质企业科创债纳入基准做 市品种，引导推动投资者加大科创债投资。实施科技创新专项担保计划， ...

FICC日报 | 2025-05-15 金融数据向好，支持实体经济 市场分析 短期关注经济事实验证。5月7日，"一行一局一会"出台一揽子金融政策提振经济，央行推出三大类共十项货币政 策措施，包括降准0.5个百分点，降低政策利率0.1个百分点，创设新的政策工具等；金融监管总局将推出八项增量 政策，涉房地产金融、险资入市、稳外贸等；证监会表示将"持续稳定和活跃资本市场"，稳步推进市场对外开放。 值得注意的是，4月我国出口同比增长8.1%，进口同比下降0.2%，整体略超预期，但分国别或区域来看，4月出口 当月同比中，对美国-21%（前值为9.1%，下同），对东盟20.8%（11.6%）；分产品来看，劳动密集型产品出口受冲 击明显，当月同比-1.7%（9.1%）。5月14日央行发布 2025 年前四个月社会融资规模增量数据，显示金融对实体经 济支持力度加大。5月9日—12日何立峰副总理于瑞士访问期间与美方举行会谈，中美日内瓦经贸会谈取得实质进 展，双方承诺暂停部分加征关税并建立协商机制，推动市场情绪显著回暖。国务院关税税则委发布公告：自2025 年5月14日12时01分起，对美进口商品加征关税税率由34%降至10%， ...

低基数下社融增速上行，但主要由政府债券贡献 去年同期新增政府债券规模为-937 亿，拖累当时社融也罕见负增 658 亿。2025 年政府债券发行规模及进度明显优于 去年同期，带动 2025 年 4 月社融同比多增 1.23 万亿至 1.16 万亿，其中政府债贡献了 84%的新增社融。相比之下，信 贷表现较为低迷，社融口径人民币贷款创历史同期新低，金融机构口径下人民币信贷也为 2005 年以来同期新低。 预期冲击显现，居民短贷超季节性负增 4 月居民部门信贷同比多减 50 亿至-5216 亿，新增规模为历史同期新低。其中短期贷款同比多减 501 亿至-4019 亿、 也创下历史同期新低。短贷在季初通常规律性降低，但本次短贷负增明显高于历史同期（过去五年同期新增短贷均值 为-797 亿）。事实上，4 月居民部门的压力从高频指标中已经有所体现，比如，结合"互联网搜索指数:失业金领取条 件"看，4 月此指标 6MMA 同比增速快速上行 38 个百分点，意味着潜在失业压力增加，居民部门的就业、收入、消费 情况可能均有所转弱，预期及信心不足进而对居民短期贷款产生负向拖累、拉低季初短贷规模。 3 月冲量透支企业短贷需求，内 ...

《若干政策举措》指出，设立"国家创业投资引导基金"。将促进科技型企业成长作为重要方向，培育发 展战略性新兴产业特别是未来产业，推动重大科技成果向现实生产力转化。将金融资产投资公司 （AIC）股权投资试点范围扩大到18个城市所在省份，支持保险资金参与金融资产投资公司股权投资试 点。支持创业投资机构、产业投资机构发债融资。鼓励社保基金会在自身业务范围和风险防控要求下开 展股权基金投资。开展私募股权创投基金实物分配股票试点，允许将持有的上市公司股票通过非交易过 户的方式向投资者进行分配。鼓励发展私募股权二级市场基金（S基金）。 此外，针对打造科技金融开放创新生态，《若干政策举措》提出支持外商投资境内科技型企业，提高外 资在华开展股权投资、创业投资便利性。用好合格境外有限合伙人（QFLP）试点、跨境融资便利化试 点政策。支持科技型企业依法依规境外上市。中国人民银行、科技部会同金融监管总局、中国证监会、 国家发展改革委、财政部、国务院国资委建立科技金融统筹推进机制。 《若干政策举措》要求发挥货币信贷支持科技创新的重要作用。优化支持科技创新的结构性货币政策工 具。发挥科技创新和技术改造再贷款等引导作用，扩大再贷款额度规模 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In April 2025, new RMB loans were 28 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 45 billion yuan, and the credit balance growth rate dropped from 7.4% to 7.2%. New social financing scale was 1.16 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 1.22 trillion yuan, and the social financing stock growth rate rose from 8.4% to 8.7%. The year - on - year growth rate of M2 recovered from 7% to 8%, and the growth rate of M1 under the new caliber slightly decreased from 1.6% to 1.5%. There was an obvious overdraft effect due to the end - of - quarter credit rush, and the enterprise sector was a significant drag on credit growth. However, due to the central bank's "pre - rate cut", the market reaction was dull after the data release. With the support of the pre - issued government bonds, the social financing growth rate continued to rise. In terms of deposits, M1 was not weak, and the return of non - bank deposits supported the significant recovery of the M2 growth rate this month [1][10]. 3. Summary by Directory Non - bank Funds Flow Back to Banks, M2 Growth Rate Recovers - In the second quarter, when the financing pricing is relatively low, wealth management and other broad - based funds increase their allocation of deposits, driving the significant recovery of the M2 growth rate. In April, M2 decreased by 88.15 billion yuan, 2.7 trillion yuan less than the same period last year, driving the M2 growth rate up by nearly 1 percentage point. Non - bank time deposits were the main support, with a year - on - year increase of 1.9 trillion yuan [1][13]. - In April, it was a big month for the growth of wealth management scale. When the capital constraints were relaxed in the second quarter, non - bank institutions had abundant funds and the financing pricing was relatively low. Wealth management might choose to increase the allocation of certificates of deposit and time deposits [16]. - In the long run, official media continued to emphasize downplaying the focus on the growth rate of aggregate targets such as M2. The relationship between the money supply and economic growth is weakening, and the relationship between money and prices is also affected by multiple factors [2][21]. Credit: The Household Sector is Mediocre, and the Enterprise Sector is Obviously Overdrafted - In April, household short - term loans decreased by 40.19 billion yuan, 5.01 billion yuan more than the same period last year. The real estate transactions in April were weak, and the year - on - year growth rate of the commercial housing transaction area in 30 large and medium - sized cities weakened significantly compared with the previous month. New household medium - and long - term loans decreased by 12.31 billion yuan, close to the level of the same period last year and still in the negative range [3][22]. - After the end - of - quarter rush, the performance of enterprise medium - and long - term loans in April weakened significantly. New enterprise medium - and long - term loans in April were 25 billion yuan, 16 billion yuan less than the same period last year. The bill department still had a large - scale impulse, with new bill financing of 83.41 billion yuan in the month, which was seasonally high. Enterprise short - term loans were significantly weak, decreasing by 48 billion yuan in the month, 7 billion yuan less than the same period last year [3][26][27]. Social Financing: Government Bonds Remain the Main Support - The pre - issued government bonds were still the largest supporting item for social financing. In April, government bond issuance was fast, with new issuance of 97.62 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 1.07 trillion yuan, which was an important sub - item supporting the social financing growth rate. In May, the net financing of government bonds may be around 1.67 trillion yuan, still showing a significant year - on - year increase [4][35]. - The issuance of enterprise bonds rebounded, and off - balance - sheet bills were converted into on - balance - sheet ones. In April, the willingness to issue enterprise bonds rebounded, with new issuance of 23.4 billion yuan, at a seasonal level. Due to the tariff disturbance in April, the central level of bond yields declined, and the enterprise issuance willingness might have rebounded. Unaccepted bills decreased by 27.93 billion yuan in April, at a seasonal low level, and off - balance - sheet bills accelerated the conversion into on - balance - sheet ones at the beginning of the quarter [4][37]. Deposits: M1 is Seasonally Low, Non - bank Deposits Increase Significantly - The month - on - month change of M1 was close to that of the same period last year, at a seasonal low. April was a small month for deposits. Under the new caliber, M1 decreased by 4.3 trillion yuan in the month, 13.03 billion yuan more than the same period in 2024, generally at a seasonally low level. The year - on - year reading of M1 decreased slightly from 1.6% to 1.5% [5][41]. - Among the M2 sub - items, inter - bank deposits increased significantly, and household and enterprise deposits increased slightly year - on - year on a low base. In April, inter - bank deposits increased significantly by 1.5 trillion yuan, 1.9 trillion yuan more than the same period in 2024. After the central level of capital prices declined, the attractiveness of non - bank time deposits might have increased. Enterprise deposits decreased 54.28 billion yuan less year - on - year, and household deposits increased 46 billion yuan year - on - year [5][43].

// 债市综述 // 1. 公开市场操作 央行 5 月 14 日以固定利率、数量招标方式开展了 920 亿元 7 天期逆回购操作，操作利率 1.40% ，投标量 920 亿元，中标量 920 亿元。 Wind 数 据显示，当日 1955 亿元逆回购到期，据此计算，当日净回笼 1035 亿元。 （*数据来源：Wind-央行动态PBOC） 2. 资金面 存款类机构隔夜和七天质押式回购利率双双小幅上升，前者上行不足 1 个 bp 。 海外方面，最新美国隔夜融资担保利率为 4.28% 。 （IMM） 4. 银行间主要利率债收益率 | | 1Y | | 2Y | | ЗУ | | SY | | 7Y | | 10Y | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 国債 | 1.4200 1.00 | 132 | 1.4325 1.75 | 119 | 1.4650 1.90 | 117 | 1.5190 1.90 | 291 | 1.6175 1.75 | 849 | 1.6700 0.80 | ...

Group 1 - The State Council's 2025 legislative work plan outlines the latest developments in national legislation, emphasizing the need for comprehensive legal reform and improvement in legislative quality [1][2] - A total of 16 legal proposals and 30 administrative regulations are set to be reviewed by the National People's Congress Standing Committee in 2025, focusing on high-quality development and a high-level socialist market economy [2] - Key legislative proposals include revisions to financial laws, such as the Financial Law, Banking Supervision Law, and Securities Company Supervision Regulations, aimed at enhancing the regulatory framework for the financial sector [2][3] Group 2 - The legislative plan also addresses the need for laws related to foreign trade, intellectual property, and commercial mediation, indicating a push towards strengthening the legal framework for international business [3] - The plan includes provisions for the review and revision of existing regulations that do not align with economic and social development needs, ensuring a more unified and conducive business environment [3]

温彬进一步谈到，一方面，降准释放更充足的长期流动性，在后续政府债券供给高峰时可熨平资金面波 动，强化货币与财政政策的协同效应，稳定社融增长；另一方面，降准有助于优化银行负债结构、节约 负债成本，在一定程度上缓解净息差收窄压力，为降低实体经济融资成本创造空间。此外，为银行体系 提供长期低成本资金，稳定信用扩张，提升对消费、外贸、科技创新、小微民企等特定领域和薄弱环节 的支持力度，增强服务实体经济的动力和可持续性。 中信证券首席经济学家明明分析认为，尽管4月份流动性相对宽松，但5月份政府债供给压力增大，超长 期特别国债、商业银行注资特别国债均有落地，或贡献一定流动性缺口，央行选择在5月份降准，一方 面能进一步降低商业银行负债成本，另一方面也是为了配合财政端发力。 5月15日，降准正式落地。 中国人民银行（以下简称"央行"）5月7日发布公告宣布，自2025年5月15日起，下调金融机构存款准备 金率0.5个百分点（不含已执行5%存款准备金率的金融机构），下调汽车金融公司和金融租赁公司存款 准备金率5个百分点。 此次下调存款准备金率0.5个百分点，向金融市场提供长期流动性约1万亿元。据央行行长潘功胜在5月7 日国新办新 ...

中国人民银行当日发布的金融统计数据显示，4月末，我国人民币贷款余额265.7万亿元，同比增长7.2%；社会融资规模存量为424万亿元，同 比增长8.7%；广义货币（M2）余额325.17万亿元，同比增长8%。 "4月是季初信贷'小月'，但从前4个月新增贷款超10万亿元来看，总量保持平稳，为经济回升向好提供了有力支持。"清华大学国家金融研究院 院长田轩认为，4月新增贷款约2800亿元，在还原地方债务置换影响后，当月信贷增速依然保持较高水平。同时，社会融资规模增速继续加 快，M2余额保持在320万亿元以上，这些保障了实体经济的融资需求。 14日，4月金融统计数据出炉。作为信贷投放的"小月"，4月金融数据有何亮点？信贷资金主要流向了哪些领域？利率调整还有多大空间？ 在专家看来，未来一段时期，金融总量仍有望保持平稳增长。5月，中国人民银行、金融监管总局、证监会联合推出一揽子金融政策。根据安 排，降准0.5个百分点将于15日落地，预计向金融市场提供长期流动性约1万亿元。 "这意味着金融机构被央行锁定的钱进一步减少，对企业的中长期资金供给有望随之增加。"西南财经大学中国金融研究院副教授万晓莉表示， 降准所释放的资金可持续 ...

Group 1 - The central bank reported that by the end of April, the social financing scale increased by 8.7% year-on-year, and the broad money supply (M2) grew by 8%, indicating a significant acceleration compared to the previous month [1][4] - The increase in social financing scale was primarily driven by accelerated government bond issuance, with a net financing of over 5 trillion yuan in the first four months of the year, which is approximately 3.6 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [2][3] - The issuance of special government bonds and local government special refinancing bonds has been ongoing, with a net financing of about 970 billion yuan in April alone, contributing to a 0.3 percentage point increase in the social financing growth rate [2][3] Group 2 - The M2 growth rate was influenced by a low base effect from the previous year, with the M2 balance reaching 325.17 trillion yuan by the end of April, reflecting a 1 percentage point increase from the end of March [4][5] - The reduction in deposits by approximately 870 billion yuan in April, compared to a decrease of about 3 trillion yuan year-on-year, had a positive impact on M2 growth, contributing about 1 percentage point [6][7] - The overall credit growth remains robust, with a total of 10.06 trillion yuan in new loans issued in the first four months, although April's single-month new loan issuance was lower than the same month last year [8][9] Group 3 - The ongoing local debt replacement efforts are expected to support long-term economic development, as they allow local governments to alleviate debt burdens and redirect resources towards development and consumption [8][9] - Market analysts predict that the growth of financial aggregates is likely to remain stable in the near future, despite uncertainties in foreign trade and the traditional "small month" for credit in May [9]