信用债周策略 20260224 信用债春节后的季节效应 glmszqdatemark 2016 年-2026 年信用债在春节前后的行情复盘：复盘过去 10 年（2016 年-2025 年）的市场数据，春节前后的信用债节后走势通常优于节前。具体来看，春节前 信用债市场可能收到资金面和临近假期交易情绪清淡的扰动。而在春节假期结束 后，随着节前取出的现金回流至银行体系，市场流动性通常会迎来阶段性的宽松。 近十年春节后季节效应的结论：复盘近 10 年历年春节后的行情，信用债市场的 胜率较高。近 10 年，不同品种春节后有 60%-70%的收益率下行概率。具体分品 种角度，若在春节前布局，二级资本债（71.43%）和 10Y 利率债（70.00%）是 收益率下行概率最高的品种。分期限和品种看，其中，3Y 信用债（70.48%）、 3YAAA 城投债（70.00%）和中短期票据（70.00%）表现最为突出。从收益率角 度看，信用债的收益率变化弹性更大。城投债的下行幅度平均是国债的 2.4 倍， 从 T+10 日的表现来看，"春节后做多"或是高胜率策略，且 3Y AAA 城投债 的收益弹性远高于 10Y 国债。 信用债春节 ...

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the content Group 2: Report's Core View - The report analyzes the scale increment, yield performance, and credit - bond allocation changes of amortized bond funds in Q4 2025 and forecasts the 2026 opening scale [2][11] - In Q4 2025, the scale of amortized bond funds increased steadily, but they faced yield - decline pressure. The credit - bond allocation intensity slowed down [3][4] - In 2026, the opening scale of amortized bond funds is expected to reach nearly 650 billion yuan, and credit bonds remain an important allocation option [6] Group 3: Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Q4 Amortized Bond Fund Scale Growth - In Q4 2025, the scale of amortized bond funds increased by 37.4 billion yuan, reaching about 1.52 trillion yuan. The increment mainly came from the small - scale expansion of some products that did not reach the scale limit after opening for redemption [3][15] - Affected by the interest - rate decline, the amortized bond funds opened in 2025 faced yield - decline pressure. The median of the Q4 2025 fund net - value growth rate of products opened in the first three quarters showed a quarterly decreasing trend [3][19] 2. Q4 Open Amortized Bond Funds' Credit - Bond Allocation Intensity Slowed Down - In Q4 2025, open amortized bond funds continued to increase credit - bond allocation, with the credit - bond holding scale and proportion rising. The credit - bond holding value reached 446 billion yuan, an increase of 153.3 billion yuan from the end of Q3, and the proportion in the total bond holding value increased from 15% to 22.3% [3][22] - Compared with the first three quarters, the credit - bond allocation intensity of Q4 open products slowed down. For products opened for the first time in Q4, the credit - bond holding proportion dropped to 45%. The possible reasons are the reduced cost - effectiveness of credit bonds and their disadvantages in actual construction and pledge financing [4][27] - Among the 4 products opened for the second time in Q4, 3 had a small - scale increase. Although they still focused on credit - bond holdings, the credit - bond holding proportion decreased slightly, and the allocation focus shifted to inter - bank certificates of deposit and financial bonds [4][32] - One 24 - month - closed - period product restarted operation in Q4, but its Q4 holding data was not disclosed. Another 12 - month - closed - period product entered the suspension - operation state after opening for redemption in December 2025 [5][33] 3. 2026 Amortized Bond Fund Opening Scale Nearly 650 Billion Yuan - The top - five held credit bonds of Q4 open products preferred medium - to high - rated varieties. The proportion of implicit ratings of AA+ and above increased compared with products opened in the first three quarters [36] - In 2026, the opening scale of amortized bond funds is expected to be about 645.1 billion yuan. The opening scale and product closed - period vary significantly in different periods [6][40]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the document. 2. Core View of the Report The report points out that since the beginning of the year, the overall performance of credit bonds has been outstanding, and investors are generally bullish on credit bonds. It also analyzes potential investment opportunities and risks, suggesting continuing short - term coupon strategies, leveraging to increase returns, and being cautious about chasing long - term Tier 2 capital bonds. It maintains the view that interest - rate bonds will experience short - term fluctuations [4][5]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Event Review - Since the beginning of the year, the overall performance of credit bonds has been excellent, with high trading sentiment. The credit spreads of various grades and maturities within 5 years are mostly at relatively low levels in the past year. For example, the spreads of 3 - year AAA and AA+ medium - and short - term notes over China Development Bank bonds are 14.5bp and 22.5bp respectively, at the 4% and 6% quantiles in the past year, and the 5 - year quantiles are as low as 2% and 1% [4]. Investment Highlights - **Increased demand for long - term general credit bonds due to the opening of amortized bond funds**: Starting this year, amortized bond funds with a closed - end period of more than 3 years will gradually open. The cumulative opening scale of those with a maturity of over 5 years this year is about 212.5 billion yuan, with 183.1 billion yuan in the first half of the year, mainly concentrated in the first quarter. From January 17th, for three consecutive weeks, the weekly opening scale has been over 20 billion yuan, which is expected to boost the allocation demand for general credit bonds with a maturity of around 5 years. The opening windows of products with a 3 - to 5 - year closed - end period (mainly 3 years) are mainly concentrated in the second and third quarters, with an expected 216.9 billion yuan of amortized bond funds opening, 111.7 billion yuan in the second quarter and 105.2 billion yuan in the third quarter, peaking in May and July with monthly opening scales of 59.6 billion yuan and 49.6 billion yuan respectively [4]. - **Valuation repair opportunities for the constituent bonds of oversold science and technology innovation bond ETFs**: As of January 23rd, the total scale of credit bond ETFs is 52.928 billion yuan, a 13.9% decrease from the end of last month. The science and technology innovation bond ETFs and benchmark market - making credit bond ETFs have decreased by 6.003 billion yuan and 1.786 billion yuan respectively. The year - end impulse funds are still withdrawing, causing selling pressure on science and technology innovation bonds. After the new year, the valuation has generally increased, and some science and technology innovation bonds have been oversold. As of January 23rd, the premium of the constituent bonds of science and technology innovation bond ETFs over ordinary bonds is as low as 3.3bp, breaking the low level in mid - and early December last year (5.0bp) and reaching the lowest level since July 2025 [4]. - **Sustainability of the mid - and long - term Tier 2 capital bond market**: Since the beginning of the year, mid - and long - term Tier 2 capital bonds have had a strong market due to the implementation of the new redemption rules and increased allocation by insurance institutions. As of January 23rd, the yield to maturity of 5 - year AAA - Tier 2 capital bonds has decreased by about 7.4bp this year, and the credit spread over China Development Bank bonds has narrowed to 35.1bp. However, the sustainability of the mid - and long - term Tier 2 capital bond market remains to be observed for three reasons: the current valuation is at a phased high, reducing the odds of going long; after the implementation of IFRS9 for insurance institutions and the end of the second - generation solvency transition period, the fair - value changes of Tier 2 capital bonds will be included in the current profit and loss, and the risk factors are not favorable, so their trading nature is greater than the allocation nature for insurance, and the volatility of Tier 2 capital bonds may increase; January is a big month for insurance institutions' premium income, but the sustainability of the market depends on the subsequent premium income. If it returns to normal, the sustainability of the mid - and long - term Tier 2 capital bond market may fall short of expectations [4][5]. Investment Suggestions - Maintain the view that interest - rate bonds will experience short - term fluctuations. In the coupon strategy, continue to match short - term coupons with leverage to increase returns, and explore opportunities in mid - and long - term general credit bonds and oversold science and technology innovation bond constituents under the opening of amortized bond funds. Be vigilant about the risk of chasing high for long - term Tier 2 capital bonds. In terms of duration, it is recommended to use medium - and short - term products within 5 years as the foundation, and operate mid - and long - term products mainly through band trading. Do not lengthen the portfolio duration in advance before the bond market is in a favorable period [5].

Group 1 - The report discusses the central bank's net purchases of government bonds from October to December 2025, indicating a long-term strategy with a high likelihood of continuity in bond buying [7][8] - The flexibility in government bond trading aims to support fiscal efforts and maintain market stability, reflecting a neutral stance in bond purchases [8] - The supply-demand imbalance in the bond market in 2025 was primarily observed in ultra-long government bonds, with a notable decrease in demand for 20-30 year bonds due to capital diversion to the stock market [9][11] Group 2 - The bond market environment in 2025 was characterized by low interest rates, low spreads, and low Sharpe ratios, indicating a weak asset status for bonds [12][13] - Key concerns for the 2026 bond market include supply-demand imbalances, expectations of rising prices, and the rebalancing of asset allocation due to capital diversion [13][14] - Despite a generally bearish sentiment for 2026, there may be a discrepancy in expectations in the first quarter, with interest rates projected to be lower initially and higher later in the year [14] Group 3 - The report highlights a significant outflow of funds from credit bond ETFs at the beginning of 2026, with a decline in scale exceeding 60% of the previous month's inflow [16] - The demand for credit bonds may stabilize in the future, but caution is advised regarding the strategy for component bonds until the credit bond ETF market expands again [16] - The report notes that the yield on public bonds has significantly decreased compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, with potential support for the market from the demand for amortized bond funds in Q1 2026 [17][18] Group 4 - Following the end of the net value smoothing rectification, wealth management products are exploring new valuation methods to stabilize net value fluctuations while attracting funds [20][21] - The new third-party valuation methods are expected to align with regulatory directions and may be applied more to specific bond types, such as perpetual bonds [21] - The pricing anchor for convertible bonds has shifted to the equity market's beta and the underlying stock's alpha, indicating a transition to a right-side trading asset [22][23] Group 5 - The key contradiction in the convertible bond market is the declining supply, which may lead investors to seek alternative assets if the market continues to shrink [25]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In 2026, the scale of wealth management may grow steadily, but the proportion of credit bond allocation is likely to decline. The behavior of funds will be the core indicator of the credit bond market, and the concentrated opening of amortized bond funds may boost the demand for credit bonds with specific maturities. The growth rate of credit bond ETFs may slow down [1][2][4][5][6] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 2026 Wealth Management Scale May Grow Steadily, Credit Bond Allocation Proportion Is Hard to Rise - **2026 wealth management scale growth may be in the range of 2.7 - 3.4 trillion yuan**: From 2024 - 2025, the scale of bank wealth management grew steadily, with annual increments exceeding 3 trillion yuan. The core driver was asset re - allocation during the downward cycle of deposit rates. It is estimated that the growth of wealth management scale in 2026 may be in the range of 2.7 - 3.4 trillion yuan [2][13][24] - **The proportion of credit bond allocation in wealth management shows a downward trend**: In 2025, due to the rectification of net - value smoothing methods, the proportion of bond allocation and credit bond allocation in wealth management decreased. In 2026, in the context of full net - value management and a low - spread environment, the proportion of credit bond allocation may be difficult to increase [26] - **Wealth management bond allocation shows seasonal characteristics and focuses on coupon cost - effectiveness**: In 2025, the willingness of wealth management to increase credit bond allocation decreased, mainly concentrating on bonds within 3 years. The bond allocation rhythm of wealth management is affected by scale changes and shows seasonal characteristics [30] - **The net purchase of inter - bank certificates of deposit by other asset management products exceeded that of credit bonds**: In 2025, the proportion of net purchases of credit bonds by other asset management products decreased significantly, while they increased the allocation of inter - bank certificates of deposit, which reflects the wealth management's large - scale increase in inter - bank certificates of deposit through entrusted asset management products for liquidity management [35][36] 3.2 In 2026, Fund Behavior Is the Core Indicator of the Credit Bond Market - **In 2026, the growth rate of bond fund scale may be under pressure**: The new regulations on fund sales fees in December 2025 may weaken the attractiveness of short - term bond funds, and if the pattern of a strong stock market and a weak bond market continues in 2026, it may suppress the growth of bond fund scale [4][43] - **The proportion of funds allocating credit bonds increased, and the duration operation is flexible**: In 2025, the willingness of funds to increase credit bond allocation increased, mainly due to the large expansion of credit bond ETFs and the relative advantage of credit bond coupon strategies in a volatile market. Funds mainly net - bought credit bonds within 5 years in 2025, with flexible duration operations [50][53] - **The concentrated opening of amortized bond funds may drive the demand for credit bond allocation with specific maturities**: In 2026, the concentrated opening of amortized bond funds is expected to exceed 60 billion yuan. If some products turn to a credit - style, it may boost the demand for credit bonds with corresponding maturities, especially medium - to high - grade 5 - year and 3 - year varieties [6][63] - **The growth rate of credit bond ETF scale may slow down**: In 2025, credit bond ETFs achieved leap - forward development, but in 2026, it may be difficult to reproduce the large - scale new issuance, and the scale growth may mainly rely on existing products to attract incremental funds. The scale change of credit bond ETFs is also greatly affected by interest rate trends [6][67][68]

Key Points - The net supply of ordinary credit bonds in the primary market increased on a month-on-month basis, with total issuance reaching 269.9 billion yuan and net financing at 131.1 billion yuan during the period from January 5 to January 11, 2026 [3][5] - The issuance of industrial bonds decreased to 139.2 billion yuan, while net financing surged to 91.7 billion yuan. Conversely, local government bonds saw a significant increase in issuance to 130.7 billion yuan, the highest since November 2025, with net financing rising to 39.4 billion yuan [3][5] - In the secondary market, bond yields showed mixed performance, with overall credit spreads narrowing, particularly for 1-year bonds, which experienced the largest contraction [3][5] - The yield on 7-year bonds performed the best, with a decline of 2.36 basis points for AA+/AA/AA- rated local government bonds, while 5-year bonds saw an overall increase [3][5] - The trading volume of credit bond ETFs decreased significantly, with a net outflow of 55.3 billion yuan over four days, approaching 50% of the inflow seen in December 2025 [3][5] - The investment outlook for credit bonds remains favorable, with expectations of a stable bond market environment in the first quarter of 2026, despite potential pressures on credit spreads [3][5] - The strategy for credit investment focuses on short to medium-term credit bonds, particularly those with a maturity of 3-5 years, and emphasizes the opportunities presented by high-grade bonds [3][5] - The performance of various credit bonds is expected to vary, with short-term bonds outperforming longer-term bonds in terms of yield and credit spread [3][5][11]

Group 1 - The credit bond market environment in Q1 2026 is expected to remain favorable for investment, with supply-demand imbalance pressures likely to ease and a moderate recovery in fundamentals, leading to a potential decline in bond rates [3][4] - The credit bond ETF surge at the end of 2025 may not continue into Q1 2026 due to redemption impacts from some banks, which could lead to liquidity and valuation pressures on component bonds [3][4] - The scale of open-ended bond funds entering the market in Q1 2026 is significant, exceeding 260 billion, with a focus on 2-5 year bonds, indicating potential demand support for mid-term credit bonds [3][4] Group 2 - The credit bond carry strategy involves using repurchase agreements for financing to invest in higher-yielding, longer-term credit bonds, aiming to profit from the interest rate spread [4] - Current market conditions, characterized by stable monetary policy and high carry space, suggest that mid-term high-grade credit bonds are suitable for leveraged carry strategies [4] - The performance of various credit bonds in Q4 2025 showed a strong recovery in the credit market, with significant increases in net financing for industrial bonds and a slight decrease for urban investment bonds [10][14] Group 3 - In Q4 2025, the issuance and net financing of traditional credit bonds were 35,336 billion and 8,053 billion respectively, with a notable increase in industrial bonds compared to urban investment bonds [10][14] - The yield on credit bonds across various ratings and maturities showed a downward trend in Q4 2025, with significant performance differences observed between different types of bonds [19][20] - The holding period yield for 5-year AAA/AAA- rated bonds was reported at 1.66%, outperforming other categories, indicating a favorable investment environment for mid-term bonds [29]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - In 2026, the demand for credit bonds may slow down. The incremental funds on the demand - side may slow, and the supply of industrial bonds is expected to continue to increase, while the credit bond market still faces a "yield shortage" [1][2]. - In 2026, credit spreads may show characteristics of low - level and high - volatility. There are structural opportunities in industrial bonds, including opportunities driven by the opening of amortized debt funds, trading opportunities for ultra - long bonds, exploration of perpetual bond spreads, and opportunities for sci - tech bond component bonds [3][5]. 3. Summary Based on Relevant Catalogs 3.1 2025 Industrial Bond Supply and Performance - Driven by the new regulations on sci - tech bonds, the supply of industrial bonds increased in 2025, with central enterprises as the main force. From January to November 2025, industrial bond issuance was 7.5 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 798.1 billion yuan, and net financing was 2.18 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 478 billion yuan. Among them, sci - tech industrial bond issuance was 1.51 trillion yuan, and net financing accounted for 54% of industrial bond net financing [12]. - The credit spreads of industrial bonds in 2025 experienced a process of widening, narrowing, and low - level oscillation. The performance of long - duration varieties was weaker than that of medium - and short - duration varieties, and there were differences among industries [26]. 3.2 2026 Credit Bond Demand 3.2.1 Demand - side: Incremental Funds Slow Down - Although the decline in deposit rates may continue to drive the migration of residents' assets to wealth management products, the proportion of wealth management products allocating credit bonds may be difficult to increase due to the completion of the rectification of net - value smoothing means and the low - spread environment. In Q2 2025, the proportion of wealth management products allocating credit bonds was 38.8%, a decrease of 2.3 percentage points compared with Q4 2024 [1][36]. - The new regulations on fund sales fees may cause redemption pressure on bond funds, especially short - term and medium - short - term bond funds. Assuming different redemption ratios, the scale of bonds involved is about 1.04 - 2.07 trillion yuan, including about 330.9 - 661.8 billion yuan of credit bonds [1][42]. - In 2026, amortized debt funds will be concentratedly opened, with an expected scale of over 600 billion yuan. If some products switch to a credit style, it may boost the demand for credit bonds with specific maturities [2][50]. - Credit bond ETFs are not affected by the new regulations and are expected to attract some incremental funds, but the increase may be less than that in 2025. In 2025, the scale of credit bond ETFs increased significantly, but in 2026, the market may not see a large - scale new issuance [52][53]. 3.2.2 Supply - side: Industrial Bond Supply Continues to Increase, and the "Yield Shortage" Remains In 2026, due to the low bond - issuing interest rate and the "green channel" for sci - tech bond issuance, the supply of industrial bonds is expected to continue to increase, while the issuance policy for urban investment bonds remains strict, and new financing is restricted. The credit bond market still faces a "yield shortage" [2]. 3.3 Structural Opportunities for Industrial Bonds under Low Spreads - **Opportunities Driven by the Opening of Amortized Debt Funds**: In 2026, the opening of amortized debt funds with a 5 - year - around closed - end period may drive the allocation demand for medium - and high - rated industrial bonds with a 5 - year - around maturity. 30 industrial entities with cost - effective 4 - 5 - year bonds are recommended [5][62]. - **Duration Strategy: Grasp the Trading Rhythm**: When the 10 - year Treasury bond has a downward trend, or when the long - end interest rate fluctuates with limited upward space, and the long - duration credit spreads break through or approach the mean + 2 times the standard deviation, and at the same time, the net purchase scale of credit bonds is relatively high, the net purchase scale of 7 - 10 - year credit bonds by funds rebounds, and the number of transactions and the proportion of credit bonds with a maturity of over 5 years increase, it is a relatively good time to trade ultra - long credit bonds. When the long - duration credit spreads narrow significantly and the trading activity of long - duration credit bonds is extremely high, it is necessary to be vigilant about the market reversal and grasp the profit - taking opportunity. 39 industrial entities with relatively active ultra - long bond transactions are selected [65][78][79]. - **Exploration of Industrial Bond Perpetual Variety Spreads**: As of December 5, 2025, the outstanding scale of public perpetual bonds of industrial entities was 2.56 trillion yuan. The spread of 3 - year perpetual industrial bonds is currently at a relatively cost - effective level. According to historical and seasonal rules, the first quarter may be a good time to allocate perpetual bonds, and profit - taking can be considered when the spread narrows to a low level and the buying power of credit bonds weakens. 44 industrial entities with cost - effective 2 - 3 - year perpetual bonds are listed [88][93]. - **Opportunities for the Liquidity Spread of Sci - tech Bond Component Bonds**: In 2026, sci - tech bonds are still in an expansion cycle. Investors should pay close attention to the changes in the net value and scale of sci - tech bond ETFs and the trading activity of sci - tech bond component bonds. They can also judge the cost - effectiveness based on the spread between non - component bonds and component bonds of the same entity with the same remaining maturity. For "quasi - component bonds" in primary issuance, if the coupon rate of new bonds is higher than the valuation of component bonds, investors can participate in primary subscriptions to obtain price - difference benefits [95][97].

Core Viewpoint - The credit bond market is experiencing low-level fluctuations in yields as it approaches year-end, facing challenges such as seasonal funding volatility and weakened institutional allocation, while also presenting structural opportunities due to the release of amortized bond fund scales [1][2] Supply and Demand Dynamics - The current credit bond market shows a "generally stable, structurally differentiated" characteristic, with widening differences in yields and spreads across different segments, influenced by seasonal marginal changes in both supply and demand [2] - The yield performance indicates that AAA-rated urban investment bonds for 3 to 10 years have increased by 6 basis points (BP), while AA+ rated bonds have risen by 5 to 6 BP, contrasting with a decrease of 1 to 2 BP for AA and below rated 5-year bonds, suggesting a trend of "short flat, medium expansion, long contraction" in spreads [2][3] Market Trends - The net buying scale of credit bonds has decreased from approximately 100 billion yuan at the beginning of November to 50 billion yuan by the end of the month, with short-duration products' transaction share rising from 43% to 58% [3] - The liquidity environment remains supportive, with a stable monetary policy aimed at "steady growth," which is expected to maintain a stable funding environment in December, providing a foundation for low credit spreads [3][4] Structural Opportunities - The release of amortized bond fund scales is significant, with an estimated 1,077 billion yuan expected to open in December, which will further boost demand for 3 to 5-year credit bonds [4][5] - Institutions are beginning to position themselves for mid to long-term credit bonds, with a projected opening scale of approximately 1,300 billion yuan in the first quarter of 2026, indicating a stable demand for high-rated 5-year bonds [5] Investment Strategy - The investment strategy for December should focus on "defensive as the foundation, offensive as appropriate," emphasizing the need to control overall risk while targeting high-value bonds that meet the demand from amortized bond funds [6][7] - Recommendations include focusing on 2 to 3-year mid-short duration bonds to capture yield opportunities, particularly in high-rated (AAA, AA+) urban investment and quality industrial bonds, while avoiding sectors with excess capacity and cash flow volatility [7][8] - For stable liability accounts, it is advisable to preemptively position in 5-year high-rated bonds, as these are expected to provide value in the context of the upcoming large-scale opening of amortized bond funds [8]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The industry is experiencing a shift in the main holders of amortized cost bond funds from banks to wealth management companies, which are increasingly viewing these funds as tools for reducing volatility in a low-interest and high-volatility environment [3][11][12] - The application of AI in the industry has progressed from initial human-machine interaction to a collaborative phase, with AI becoming a core component of business operations [3][17] - The report highlights the launch of a global commodity integration strategy index by a wealth management company, aiming to capture diverse returns through systematic allocation across various commodity strategies [4][18][19] Summary by Sections Regulatory and Industry Dynamics - The concentrated opening period for amortized cost bond funds is expected in Q4 2025 to Q1 2026, with a total opening scale exceeding 480 billion [11][10] - The transition of holders from banks to wealth management companies is driven by market changes and regulatory policies, leading to a shift in the underlying assets of these funds from government bonds to credit bonds [12][13] Peer Innovation Dynamics - A wealth management company has introduced a global commodity integration strategy index, which utilizes quantitative models for dynamic rebalancing to capture diverse risk factors in different market environments [18][19] - A partnership between a regional equity trading center and a wealth management company has successfully completed the first fund share transfer, marking a significant step for wealth management funds to enter the private equity investment field [20] Yield Performance - Cash management products recorded a 7-day annualized yield of 1.27%, a decrease of 2 basis points, while money market funds remained stable at 1.17% [21][23] - The bond market is currently experiencing a narrow fluctuation pattern, influenced by various factors including Federal Reserve interest rate expectations and market concerns regarding AI [24][25] Net Value Tracking - The net value ratio of bank wealth management products increased to 1.16%, up 0.43 percentage points, indicating a potential upward pressure on the net value ratio if credit spreads continue to widen [28][30]