文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 侯倩楠 报告正文 一、 李强总理：高质量建设雅鲁藏布江下游水电工程 7月18日至19日，李强总理在西藏调研。他强调，雅下水电工程体量大、周期长、影响远，堪称世纪工 程。要积极应用先进技术、装备、工艺、材料等，为高质量建设提供有力支撑，并引领相关领域科技创新和 产业创新。7月20日至22日，刘国中副总理前往广西调研，并强调要不误农时抓紧抓好农业生产工作，毫不 懈怠巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果。7月21日至23日，国务委员谌贻琴到内蒙古自治区调研，她强调，要持续铸牢 中华民族共同体意识，推动退役军人工作高质量发展。 | 时间 | 事件 | 主要内容 | | --- | --- | --- | | 2025/7/18-19 | 李强总理在西藏调研 | 李强总理强调，雅下水电工程体量大、周期长、影响远，堪称世纪工程。要 | | | | 积极应用先进技术、装备、工艺、材料等，为高质量建设提供有力支撑，并 | | | | 引领相关领域科技创新和产业创新。要格外重视生态保护，确保生态环境不 | | | | 受损害。要细致做好移民搬迁安置工作，把推进工程建设和促进当地群众就 | | | | ...

文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 贾东旭 摘要 中央财经委会议提出"统一政府行为尺度"，为"反内卷"赋予新内涵。相比过往，本轮 "内卷" 中地方政府 为何成为主要驱动因素，其行为逻辑具体表现在哪些制度性层面？系统分析，供参考。 一、本轮"反内卷"，有何不同？政策更聚焦地方政府行为规范。 相较于 2015 年中央财经领导小组第十一次会议，2025 年中央财经委尤其强调对地方政府行为的规范。 对比两份通稿，后者更侧重规范地方政府行为，提出 "规范地方招商引资" 等具体举措。同时，会议将 "五统一、一破除" 调整为 "五统一、一开放"，核心变化体现在地方政府行为规范尺度与对外开放维度。 上述差异的形成，一方面源于 2015 年产能过剩的全局性特征，另一方面与本轮 "内卷式" 竞争中地方政 府的深度参与直接相关。 2015 年问题源于 "四万亿" 刺激后上游产业过度投资及当时的房地产下行压 力；《求是》文章指出，本轮地方政府的行为表现为打造政策洼地、盲目上马项目、设置市场壁垒。 具体来看，本轮 "内卷式" 竞争涉及的行业中，绝大多数需求呈改善或稳定态势，而非恶化趋势。 电气 机械等行业 2021-2024 年 ...

Core Viewpoints - The "anti-involution" policy has boosted prices, but supply and demand performance appears counterintuitive [3][8] - The manufacturing PMI decreased by 0.4 percentage points to 49.3%, exceeding the average decline since 2017 [3][8] - The increase in commodity prices is reflected in the raw material purchase price index (+3.1 percentage points to 51.5%) and the factory price index (+2.1 percentage points to 48.3%) [3][8] Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI has marginally declined, with production and new order indices both decreasing [5][34] - The production index fell by 0.5 percentage points to 50.5%, while the new order index dropped by 0.8 percentage points to 49.4% [5][34] - The new export order index decreased by 0.6 percentage points to 47.1%, indicating a slowdown in market demand [5][38] Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI fell by 0.4 percentage points to 50.1%, primarily due to a significant decline in the construction PMI [45] - The construction PMI decreased by 2.2 percentage points to 50.6%, with the new order index dropping sharply by 2.2 percentage points to 42.7% [6][61] - The service sector PMI showed a slight decline, with the new order index remaining weak at 46.3% [49] Key Industries - High-energy-consuming industries have shown production strength despite price increases, with the steel industry PMI rising by 4.6 percentage points [4][21] - The equipment manufacturing and consumer goods industries experienced declines in PMI, falling by 1.1 and 0.9 percentage points to 50.3% and 49.5%, respectively [4][21] - Investment demand has weakened significantly, contrasting with the strong production performance in high-energy-consuming sectors [24][72] Future Outlook - The political bureau meeting in July emphasized the need for further implementation of the "anti-involution" policy, particularly focusing on the downstream effects and marginal changes in domestic demand [30][72] - The current situation indicates that the "anti-involution" policy in the upstream sectors still requires further advancement [30][72]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the outcomes of the July Central Political Bureau meeting, emphasizing the importance of maintaining policy continuity and stability while enhancing flexibility and foresight in response to economic conditions. The meeting sets the stage for the upcoming 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session, focusing on the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the need for high-quality economic development and structural reforms [2][3][4]. Economic Performance and Policy Direction - The meeting highlighted the strong performance of the economy in the first half of the year, with a GDP growth rate of 5.3%, surpassing the annual target. This performance was achieved despite external challenges, showcasing the resilience of the Chinese economy [2][3][4]. - The meeting removed the phrase "external shocks are increasing" from its risk assessment but emphasized the need for vigilance and bottom-line thinking regarding potential challenges ahead [2][3][4]. Macro Policy Adjustments - The meeting called for sustained and timely macro policy efforts, particularly focusing on major economic provinces to drive national growth. It stressed the need to accelerate the implementation of existing policies and enhance their effectiveness [4][17]. - Fiscal policy will continue to prioritize the rapid issuance and utilization of government bonds, with a noted progress of 50.6% in new special bond issuance as of July 13, which is lower than the same period in previous years, indicating potential for further policy support [4][17]. - The monetary policy discussion did not mention interest rate cuts but introduced measures to lower overall financing costs, indicating a shift towards improving the transmission of monetary policy [4][17]. Focus on Key Areas - The meeting emphasized the importance of service consumption and the cultivation of industrial competitiveness, linking consumption policies with social welfare initiatives to enhance consumer demand [5][18]. - It reiterated the need to combat "involution" in the economy, focusing on orderly competition among enterprises and the governance of capacity in key industries, while promoting the development of internationally competitive emerging industries [5][18][19]. Investment Quality and Risk Management - There is a heightened focus on "high-quality" investments and a strict prohibition on the creation of new hidden debts, reflecting a commitment to risk prevention in key sectors [7][19]. - The meeting underscored the importance of high-quality urban renewal and the effective promotion of major construction projects while managing the risks associated with local financing platforms [7][19].

Group 1 - The core issue of "involution" is the imbalance between manufacturing and service industries, with manufacturing employment exceeding actual demand while service employment remains insufficient [2][9] - In 2023, manufacturing employment was significantly above potential levels (+0.2 million), while service employment showed a shortfall of -0.4 million compared to potential levels, indicating a recovery lag in the service sector [2][9] - Manufacturing investment remains high despite declining revenues, reflecting an "involution" phenomenon, while service investment is notably below demand, with a potential investment gap of approximately 1.5 trillion [2][18] Group 2 - Consumer demand shows a significant gap, with a shortfall of about 6.4 billion in goods consumption and nearly 30 billion in service consumption, indicating a stronger recovery need in the service sector [3][27] - The average gap in per capita service consumption is 2,093 yuan, while the total potential gap in national service consumption is close to 30 billion [3][27] Group 3 - Long-term solutions to "involution" involve shifting focus from manufacturing supply to service supply, as global experiences suggest a transition in consumer demand from goods to services at certain GDP and urbanization levels [4][35] - The aging population and smaller household sizes are expected to further enhance demand for service consumption, particularly in areas like healthcare and leisure [45][52] Group 4 - Current policies are actively promoting service consumption, investment, and exports, marking a shift in the economic growth model from manufacturing to services [6][80] - Policies encouraging increased consumer time, such as extended holidays and new school breaks, are expected to boost service demand [6][80] - Service investment is seeing improvements due to policy support and relaxed regulations on private investment, with significant growth in sectors like education and entertainment [6][91]

关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、屠强 联系人| 屠强 耿佩璇 摘要 高频跟踪：工业生产表现分化，基建开工有所回暖，港口货运量仍在上行。 【工业生产】工业生产表现分化。 本周，高炉开工率同比小幅回升，录得1.2%。化工链生产有所回落， 纯碱、PTA开工同比分别-3.3pct至-6.0%、-1.2pct至-1.0%。汽车半钢胎开工仍不及去年同期，同比-0.2pct 至-3.3%。 【建筑业开工】建筑业开工表现分化。 本周，全国粉磨开工率同比-3.9pct至-6.2%；水泥出货率仍在低 位，同比-2.6pct至-3.0%。沥青开工率有所回升，同比+1.0pct至0.3%。 【下游需求】地产成交有所回升，港口货运量仍在上行。 本周，全国新房日均成交面积偏弱，同比 +20pct至-6.1%。货运方面，与出口相关的港口货物吞吐量、集装箱吞吐量回升，同比分别+5.2pct至 13.3%、+6.3pct至11.5% ；但集运价格延续回落、环比-3.2%。人流出行强度小幅回升，全国迁徙规模指 数同比+0.4pct至17.8%。国内执行航班架次同比+0.7pct至2.5%。 1. 生产高频跟踪：工业生产表现分化，基 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recovery in June's profit growth is primarily due to improved cost pressures and a rebound in revenue's contribution to profit year-on-year. The profit growth rate for industrial enterprises in June increased by 4.6 percentage points to -4.4% [3][8][55] - The "anti-involution" policy is expected to limit the downward space for profits, as it helps alleviate cost pressures and supports the recovery of internal demand [4][24][56] Revenue and Profit Analysis - In June, industrial enterprises' cumulative revenue year-on-year was 2.5%, slightly down from the previous value of 2.7%. Meanwhile, cumulative profit year-on-year decreased by 1.8%, compared to a previous decline of 1.1% [2][7] - The actual revenue growth rate in June saw a rebound, with the consumption manufacturing chain benefiting significantly from exports, rising by 1 percentage point to 8.8% year-on-year. However, the coal and metallurgy chain's revenue growth continued to decline, falling by 0.3 percentage points to -0.9% [4][20][56] Cost Structure and Pressure - The cost pressure for industrial enterprises eased in June, primarily due to lower costs in the petrochemical and metallurgy chains. The cost rate for industrial enterprises was 85.2%, down 32.3 basis points year-on-year [3][13][55] - The cost rate for the petrochemical chain saw a significant decline, down 37.5 basis points to -0.1%. In contrast, the downstream consumer manufacturing sector faced higher cost rates, which increased by 82.1 basis points to 83.1% [3][13][55] Inventory Trends - The nominal inventory of industrial enterprises decreased by 0.4 percentage points year-on-year to 3.1% in June. However, the actual inventory, excluding price factors, increased by 0.3 percentage points to 7.3% year-on-year [42][57] - Upstream inventory growth showed a notable increase, rising by 3.9 percentage points to 21.5% [42][57] Sector Performance - The profit growth rate for state-owned and foreign enterprises showed significant improvement in June, with year-on-year increases of 12.5 percentage points to -8.4% and 17.9 percentage points to 10.9%, respectively [36][57] - In terms of revenue, the industrial sectors such as instruments, automobiles, and petroleum coal processing experienced substantial growth, with year-on-year increases of 7.2, 4.2, and 3.6 percentage points, respectively [34][57]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is the implementation of a national childcare subsidy program, which will provide an annual subsidy of 3600 yuan for children under three years old starting from January 1, 2025 [2][18]. - The subsidy will be funded primarily by the central government, with local governments having the option to increase the subsidy amount based on local conditions [2][19]. - The total financial requirement for the nationwide subsidy is estimated to be around 117 billion yuan, which represents approximately 0.4% of the general fiscal expenditure budget [3][19]. Group 2 - The implementation of the childcare subsidy is expected to reduce childcare costs and potentially increase social retail sales by about 0.2 percentage points, particularly benefiting essential categories like maternal and infant products [3][19]. - As of March 15, 2025, at least two provinces and 22 municipal-level administrative regions have already introduced their own childcare subsidy measures, often with a tiered approach favoring families with two or more children [3][20]. - Beyond financial subsidies, there is an expectation for systemic support policies in areas such as employment, education, and healthcare to enhance the overall childcare support framework [4][21]. Group 3 - The article highlights the importance of creating a comprehensive support system for families, which includes job security for women, affordable childcare services, and improved healthcare for mothers and children [4][21]. - The OECD's experiences in systemic family support policies are referenced as a potential model, emphasizing fiscal and tax support, parental leave policies, and childcare education support [4][21]. - Future policies may also focus on ensuring family leisure time, with legislative measures to protect women's rights during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and promoting flexible work arrangements [4][21].

Group 1 - The article discusses the recent trade agreements between the US and Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines, highlighting the reduction of tariffs and Japan's commitment to invest $550 billion in key industries [51][52] - The article notes that developed markets have generally seen an increase, with the Nikkei 225 rising by 4.1% and the S&P 500 by 1.5% [4][80] - The article mentions the fluctuations in commodity prices, with WTI crude oil decreasing by 3.2% to $65.2 per barrel, while coking coal prices surged by 36.0% to 1259 yuan per ton [37][38] Group 2 - The article reports that the US Markit Manufacturing PMI fell to 49.5 in July, below the expected 52.7, indicating ongoing disruptions in US industrial production due to tariffs [66][81] - The European Central Bank (ECB) maintained interest rates during its July meeting, aligning with market expectations as inflation returned to target levels [69][81] - The article highlights the mixed performance of emerging market 10-year government bond yields, with Turkey's yield rising significantly by 177.5 basis points to 31.6% [20]

Group 1 - The article discusses the divergence between the Japanese stock market and the yen, highlighting that while the Nikkei 225 index has approached historical highs, the yen has depreciated significantly [3][9][71] - Since June, the Nikkei 225 has surged by 9.2%, with foreign capital inflows totaling $5.11 billion, while the yen has weakened by 2.4% during the same period [3][9][71] - The article notes that this divergence is not uncommon in Japan, as currency depreciation can improve corporate earnings, particularly for companies with significant overseas revenue [18][71] Group 2 - The article identifies low inflation expectations and a cooling of interest rate hike predictions as key factors contributing to the yen's weakness [32][72] - Japan's core CPI has been influenced more by imported factors, and inflation has consistently fallen short of expectations, leading to a reduction in market expectations for interest rate hikes from 0.7 times to 0.6 times per year [32][72] - The article also mentions that unsuccessful trade negotiations between the US and Japan, along with political turmoil from recent Senate elections, have exacerbated the yen's weakness [4][41][72] Group 3 - Following the recent trade agreement between the US and Japan, market expectations for a Bank of Japan interest rate hike in October have increased from 42.1% to 68.1% [5][51][72] - However, the article warns that insufficient inflation persistence may still hinder significant interest rate increases by the Bank of Japan [5][51][72] - The focus moving forward will be on the upcoming leadership election within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and potential fiscal expansion, which could lead to concerns about a "debt and currency double whammy" [58][72]