中央经济工作会议后，中财办、相关部委及地方政府迅速推进会议精神的学习贯彻工作。其释放的增量信息与政策信号有何深 意？本文分析，可供参考。 文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 贾东旭 摘要 中财办对中央经济工作会议的解读更具体，突出内需结构性变化与"反内卷"的三个层次等。 中央经济工作会议后，中财办、相关部委及地方政府围绕扩大内需、反内卷、新质生产力等方向，密集开展会议精神的学习、 解读与部署工作。 各部门和地区部署亮点纷呈：中财办研判消费结构演变等，财税部门聚焦财力保障，经济大省侧重开放布 局，边疆地区强化安全建设。 中财办解读中央经济工作会议精神，重点强调财政"为未来风险留有余地"与货币政策"前瞻性、科学性调节"两大核心方向。 融 资条件方面，其提出"促进社会综合融资成本低位运行"，与此前货币政策执行报告"推动社会综合融资成本下降"的表述有所变 化。 内需方面，中财办提出把握消费结构性变化，坚持投资于物与投资于人相结合。 其指出"我国正在从以商品消费为主转向商品 消费和服务消费并重"，契合今年消费现状；投资方面则聚焦消费类基建，并提出"靠前实施具备条件的'十五五'重大项目"。 改革方面，中财办注重统一 ...

作者简介： 赵 伟， 经济学博士，申万宏源证券首席经济学家，上海申银万国证券研究所有限公司副总经 理，中国证券业协会首席经济学家委员会委员，中国首席经济学家论坛理事 侯倩楠 （通信作者），管理学博士，申万宏源研究所宏观分析师 屠 强， 申万宏源研究所资深高级宏观分析师 摘要 ： 本文立足纵深推进全国统一大市场背景，系统探讨眼下"内卷"现象的成因、影响与 政策应对。研究指出，本轮"内卷"核心表现为PPI长期负增长及中下游产能利用率偏低，挤压企 业盈利、阻碍产业升级。深层根源是经济转型期新旧动能分化，叠加地方政府为追求GDP和财 政收入的同质化无序竞争。破解困境的对策包括：供给侧通过产量调控、淘汰落后产能优化产业 结构，提升产品质量以修复价格、增强竞争力；需求侧大力发展居民服务消费，借财政补贴与社 保完善释放消费潜力，同时引导就业从制造业向服务业转移，实现供需结构适配。本文贡献在 于，系统论证"反内卷"政策与经济高质量发展的内在联系，为相关部门优化产业结构、激发市 场活力提供理论依据与实践方向。 本文来源《新金融》2025年第12期 全 文 内 容 综合整治"内卷式"竞争： 背景、成因、影响及应对 与以往的供给侧 ...

报告正文 = 文 | 赵伟、屠强 联系人 | 屠强 耿佩璇 图 39: 上周，高炉开工率位于低位 全国高炉开工率 (247家) • 2022 ··· 2019 ■ ■ ■ · 2020 2021 2023 2025 -- 2024 % 85 80 75 70 65 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 1.生产高频跟踪：工业生产延续弱势，建筑业开工有所分化 工业生产中，高炉开工、钢材表观消费均不及去年同期。 上周（12月14日至12月20日），高炉开工率 环比-0.1%，同比回升0.8个百分点至-1.1%；钢材表观消费环比-0.5%、同比回升0.7个百分点至-4.1%。钢材 社会库存延续回落，环比-3.7%。 石化链开工边际改善，消费链开工相对较弱。 上周（12月14日至12月20日），石化链中，纯碱开工率 环比-1.6%，同比上行4.3个百分点至0.9%；PTA开工率持平前周、同比回升2.3个百分点至-8.4%。下游消费 链中，涤纶长丝开工率有所回升，环比0.2%、同比回落0.4个百分点至-0.4%；汽车半钢胎开工率表现偏弱， 环比-0.2%、同比回落0.1个百分点至 ...

从出行节奏看，当前人流更多呈现平稳高位运行态势，与返乡潮的脉冲式上涨特征不同。 返乡期间，劳务输出地的迁入指 数、用工大省的迁出指数通常会同步出现"脉冲式"上行；譬如2025年春节前6天河南周口(劳务输入城市)的迁入指数、广东东 莞(用工城市)的迁出指数分别冲高至6.2、21.1，同比分别上行至50.6%、39.4%。而目前，两个地区的迁入、迁出指数走势均较 为平稳。 文 | 赵伟、屠强 联系人 | 屠强 耿佩璇 摘要 一问：近期人流高位，是"返乡潮"吗？当前人流出行平稳高位，与返乡潮的脉冲上涨特征不同。 近期工业生产、基建投资有所回落下，跨区人流持续高位；部分观点认为"返乡潮"已提前到来。 对比过往，今年国庆假期后 人流出行持续高位，全国迁徙指数同比维持在15.3%较高水平。部分观点指出当前人流出行走强可能源于近期工业生产、传统 基建投资弱势表现，导致用工需求减少、促使务工人员提前返乡；数据上招工信息搜索指数在10月下旬回落明显、当前已低 于前两年同期水平。 从人流方向看，劳务输出城市的迁入强度以及用工大省的迁出强度较平淡，或也表明"返乡潮"并非当前人流高位的主因。 以 四川南充、河南周口为代表的传统劳务输 ...

Key Points - The article discusses the recent economic developments, including the Bank of Japan's interest rate hike and weaker-than-expected U.S. non-farm payroll and CPI data [2][64][76] - The Japanese government has approved a significant economic stimulus plan amounting to 18.3 trillion yen (approximately 118 billion USD), marking a 31% increase from the previous year's budget [64] - The U.S. unemployment rate rose to 4.6% in November, with non-farm payrolls adding 64,000 jobs, which was above market expectations [74] - The U.S. CPI for November was reported at 2.7% year-on-year, significantly below market expectations, influenced by data quality issues due to the government shutdown [76] Asset Classes & Overseas Events & Data Asset Classes - The Japanese yen depreciated rapidly, while COMEX silver saw a significant increase [2] - Major stock indices in developed markets showed mixed performance, with the S&P 500 up 0.1% and the Nasdaq up 0.5% [3] - The WTI crude oil price decreased by 1.6% to 56.5 USD per barrel, while COMEX gold increased by 1.2% to 4,354.0 USD per ounce [2][45] Economic Data - The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 4.6%, with non-farm payrolls adding 64,000 jobs in November, surpassing expectations [74] - The CPI for November was reported at 2.7%, significantly lower than expected, with core CPI at 2.6% [76] - The Bank of Japan raised interest rates by 25 basis points, while the European Central Bank maintained its rates [2][64] Commodity Prices - Most commodity prices saw increases, with WTI crude oil down 1.6% and COMEX silver up 9.4% [45][52] - The prices of various metals, including LME copper and aluminum, also increased [52]

Core Viewpoint - The recent appreciation of the RMB is not primarily driven by "settlement" but rather influenced by a weaker USD and central bank interventions, with settlement rates showing a decline rather than an increase [2][3][4]. Group 1: RMB Appreciation and Settlement - Since mid-October, the RMB has appreciated significantly by 1.42% against the USD, while the USD index only weakened by 0.34%. This has sparked discussions about a potential "year-end settlement wave" [3][4]. - Despite the RMB's appreciation, the settlement rate has decreased from 63.1% in September to 54.1% in October and 52.0% in November, indicating that the expected settlement wave has not materialized [3][4][8]. - Various indicators suggest that a settlement wave typically leads to higher swap points, increased RMB transaction volumes, and reduced foreign exchange deposits. However, since November, swap point spreads have decreased from 97 pips to 36 pips, and foreign exchange deposits have continued to grow [3][4][19]. Group 2: Year-End Settlement Patterns - Historically, "year-end settlement" tends to occur in December due to increased current account income, but improvements in settlement rates are not significant. The growth in settlement amounts is attributed to concentrated export receipts in Q4, significant increases in primary and secondary income, and slight increases in settlement rates [4][19]. - The changes in year-end settlement rates are influenced by prior RMB performance and the timing of the Spring Festival. When the RMB strengthens, the selling rate typically declines, while improvements in settlement rates often lag by 1-2 quarters [4][55]. Group 3: Potential for RMB to Break "7" - A delayed settlement wave may provide some short-term support for the RMB, with historical data indicating that after two consecutive quarters of appreciation, settlement rates tend to improve. The upcoming Spring Festival may also extend this improvement into January [4][77]. - However, risks associated with a potential USD rebound and central bank interventions may affect the pace at which the RMB breaks the "7" level. Current non-commercial short positions in the USD have reached a record high, indicating a risk of reversal [4][88].

关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 |申万宏源·宏观团队 联系人| 耿佩璇 重点推介 "存款搬家"：市场误解了什么？ 误解一：可能低估超额储蓄；"存款搬家"不只是存款 市场关于"超额储蓄"的讨论多关注定期存款、忽视了理财资金规模。基于存款计算的超额储蓄少于4万亿，但考 虑各类资金后全口径超额储蓄接近10万亿，市场算法或低估入市资金。 误解二：可能低估入市速度；非银存款无法准确跟踪"搬家" "非银存款"常被跟踪"搬家"规模，但该指标包括同业业务扰动。"非银净负债"可剔除上述扰动，"9.24"以来其出 现两轮高增，或预示居民出现两轮"存款搬家"，今年下半年更明显。 误解三：可能低估投资属性；超额储蓄主体对资产价格敏感度较高 2021年来居民超额储蓄过度配置固收类资产，但后者超额收益明显下行，较难满足房价下行加快背景下居民的 再投资意愿。2026年伴随名义GDP逐步修复，资金"再平衡"过程或得以延续。 周度研究成果汇总 （12.13-12.19） 首经观点 热点思考 高频跟踪 电话会议 1、"周见系列" 第61期: 《流动性 "顺风"》 2、"洞见系列" 第106期: 《两个美国: "K型经济"的成因与出路》 3、 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the technological revolution is irreversible, supported by China's vast market, which allows for multiple rounds of trial and error, forming a complete industrial and supply chain that external fluctuations cannot shake. This perspective was shared by Zhao Wei, Chief Economist at Shenwan Hongyuan Securities, during the Southern Finance Forum 2025 [4]. Economic Outlook - Zhao Wei predicts that the economic trend in 2026 will enter a "non-typical recovery" phase characterized by "stable volume and rising prices," where prices shift from a downward spiral to a moderate recovery, leading to improved corporate profits and micro-level confidence [4]. - Structural differentiation will continue, with significant disparities in policy support across different economic sectors, resulting in an unbalanced recovery [4]. A-share Market Insights - Regarding the current discussions on the revaluation of A-shares, Zhao Wei suggests focusing on "capital rebalancing" rather than "value revaluation." He notes that after 2022, the market was overly pessimistic about fundamentals, with the overall A-share dividend yield exceeding the national bond yield by 100 basis points, indicating a severe mispricing of the market [5]. - Four major events have reversed market expectations: changes in the policy environment post-September 2024, the emergence of DeepSeek shifting investment thinking from macro to micro, concerns over U.S. policy stability due to "reciprocal tariffs," and discussions on "anti-involution" leading to a shift of fixed-income funds towards equity assets [6]. Technological Revolution and Investment Opportunities - Zhao Wei maintains an optimistic view on the AI bubble, asserting that the fourth technological revolution will not end due to short-term market fluctuations. He highlights China's unique advantage of a large consumer market that allows for extensive trial and error, ultimately leading to a robust industrial and supply chain [6]. - As the process of "capital rebalancing" deepens in 2026, opportunities in the A-share market are expected to emerge continuously, encouraging investors to seize investment opportunities arising from the non-typical recovery and the new technological revolution [7].

Core Viewpoint - The focus of future fiscal revenue and expenditure may be on maintaining deficits, standardizing tax incentives, supplementing local financial resources, and resolving hidden debts [2][48]. Group 1: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - In the first eleven months of 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached 200,516 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.8%, while expenditure was 248,538 billion yuan, up 1.4% year-on-year [6][47]. - The divergence in fiscal revenue and expenditure in November showed improved expenditure but pressured income, with broad fiscal expenditure down 1.7% year-on-year, a significant narrowing of the decline by 17.5 percentage points compared to October [2][7]. - Broad fiscal revenue fell by 5.2% year-on-year in November, further declining by 4.6 percentage points from October [2][50]. Group 2: Factors Influencing Fiscal Performance - The divergence in fiscal revenue is partly due to base disturbances and the ongoing drag of land finance, with November 2024 broad fiscal revenue showing a recovery of 11% year-on-year, creating high base pressure [8][48]. - The income growth rate weakened, further constraining overall financial expansion space, while the low performance of land finance persisted [2][8]. Group 3: Support for Fiscal Expenditure - The 5,000 billion yuan limit on local special bonds and the implementation of financial tools became significant supports for broad fiscal expenditure in November, with government fund expenditure turning positive [10][49]. - Despite the ongoing drag from land finance and short-term pressure on income, the fiscal expenditure growth rate is expected to continue recovering due to the support from the local debt limit [10][49]. Group 4: Future Fiscal Strategy - Looking ahead to 2026, the focus of fiscal revenue may emphasize maintaining necessary fiscal deficits and standardizing tax incentives and fiscal subsidy policies [13][48]. - The expenditure side will prioritize addressing local fiscal difficulties and urging local governments to actively manage debts, targeting both the stock of hidden debts and the flow issues of local financial resources [13][48].

美国11月失业率超预期上行至4.6%，距离再次触发"萨姆规则"一步之遥。失业率上行的推动因素有哪 些、美联储2026年1月连续降息的概率有多大？ 一、概览：美国11月非农略强于预期，但失业率升至4.6% 美国10-11月非农就业整体减少，11月失业率从9月的4.4%进一步升至4.6%。 机构调查方面，11月美国非 农新增就业6.4万人，10月减少10.5万人。11月平均时薪环比0.1%，市场预期0.3%；家庭调查方面，11月 美国失业率上升至4.6%，劳动参与率升至62.5%。 数据公布后，美股回调，黄金上涨，10Y美债利率、美元指数"先跌后涨"，难言"衰退恐慌"。 美国11月 就业数据公布后，市场受失业率升至4.6%的冲击较小，10Y美债利率、美元指数均"先跌后涨"，整体走势 受就业数据影响不大；美股仅在数据公布之时出现上扬，随后回调。 二、结构：4.6%的失业率，背后反映什么？暂时性裁员和劳动供给的改善是主要原因 政府"延期辞职"计划导致10月就业减少，关税、AI的影响亦有所体现。 10月美国非农就业减少10.5万 人，主要受政府"延期辞职"计划影响；10-11月，私人部门行业就业表现"参差不齐"，建筑业 ...