Core Viewpoints - The PMI for November shows limited recovery, primarily influenced by high inventory levels and the fading effects of holidays [2][4][88] - In the manufacturing sector, the PMI increased slightly to 49.2%, reflecting weak overall performance despite a low base [2][10][44] - The production index remains weak, with only a minor increase to the threshold line of 50%, indicating ongoing production challenges [2][10][19] Manufacturing Sector - The manufacturing PMI rose by 0.2 percentage points to 49.2%, with production and new orders indices showing slight improvements of 0.3 and 0.4 percentage points, respectively [5][44][89] - High inventory levels from previous months continue to constrain current production, with the finished goods inventory index decreasing to 47.3% [2][19][87] - Key industries such as high-tech manufacturing and consumer goods have seen their PMIs fall into contraction territory, while energy-intensive industries have shown some improvement [3][22][88] Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI decreased to 49.5%, primarily due to a high base from the previous month and the impact of holiday effects [3][36][59] - Service industries, including retail and hospitality, experienced declines in their PMIs, while sectors like telecommunications and financial services remained in a high growth zone [3][36][88] - The construction sector's PMI improved to 49.6%, with significant increases in new orders and employment indices, indicating a potential recovery in this area [30][36][76] Economic Outlook - The short-term disturbances from high inventory levels are expected to dissipate, and with supportive fiscal policies being implemented, economic growth is anticipated to remain resilient [4][42][88] - The easing of debt-related investment constraints is reflected in the improvements seen in energy-intensive and construction sectors [4][42][88] - Overall, the combination of external demand stability and the rollout of fiscal measures is projected to support economic resilience through the end of the year [4][42][88]

关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 |申万宏源·宏观团队 联系人| 耿佩璇 11 . 2 2 - 11 . 2 8 周度研究成果 2 0 2 5 申 万 宏 源 宏 观 研 究 团 队 1、热点思考 | 跟随市场——9月非农点评与12月美联储降息展望 高频跟踪 1、海外高频 | 特朗普下调食品关税，高市早苗推出财政刺激草案 2、数据点评 | 利润走低的"三重拖累" 3、Top Charts | 投资"失速"的真相？ 电话会议 1、"周见系列" 第58期: 《2026年财政金融展望》 2、"洞见系列" 第102期: 《跟随市场--9月非农点评与12月美联储降息展望》 3、"速见系列" 第13期: 《热点思考》 热点思考 1 热点思考 | 跟随市场——9月非农点评与12月美联储降息展望 点击看全文 热点思考 2025.11.23 目录 热点思考 9月非农数据是否支持降息、联储内部哪一派"票数"占优？ | 行业 | 就业总人数 占比(%) | | | | | | | | | 新增非农就业人数 季调(千人) | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- ...

Core Viewpoint - The significant decline in industrial enterprise profits in October is primarily attributed to a high base effect, weakened profit margins, and declining revenue, collectively referred to as the "triple drag" [2][10][79]. Revenue - In October, industrial enterprise revenue showed a notable decline, with a year-on-year growth rate of 1.8%, down from 2.4% in the previous month. The actual revenue growth rate, excluding price factors, fell by 6.8 percentage points to -1.4% [1][7][81]. - All three major industrial chains—petrochemical, metallurgy, and consumer—experienced significant revenue declines, with year-on-year reductions of 6.3, 6.6, and 6.3 percentage points, respectively [2][16][81]. Profitability - Industrial enterprise profits saw a substantial year-on-year decline of 27.1 percentage points to -5.5% in October, with the operating profit margin dropping by 20.9 percentage points to -6.1% [5][44][83]. - The profit margin decline is largely driven by increased expense ratios and other loss items, which saw significant reductions compared to the previous month [2][10][79]. Industry Analysis - Industries such as non-metallic products, rubber and plastics, and general equipment faced the most significant profit declines, with respective reductions of 2, 1.4, and 1.9 percentage points [3][19][20]. - The revenue of these industries also fell sharply, with non-metallic products, rubber and plastics, and electrical machinery experiencing year-on-year declines of 19.7%, 14.2%, and 9.5% [19][20]. Cost Structure - Industrial enterprises faced increasing cost pressures, with the cost rate reaching 85.6%, a relative high compared to recent years. The cost's impact on profit remained negative at -3.2% [3][27][28]. - The metallurgy and consumer chains reported cost rates of 86.1% and 85.1%, respectively, indicating a persistent high cost environment [27][28]. Future Outlook - The "anti-involution" policy is expected to be intensified, with improvements in underutilized capacity. However, cost pressures for industrial enterprises remain significant, necessitating further monitoring of policy effects [4][42][82]. - The ongoing profitability challenges are primarily due to rigid cost pressures stemming from downstream investment behaviors, with expectations for gradual alleviation as enterprises accelerate debt repayments [4][42][82].

10月FOMC会议以来，经济数据"时效性"缺失、美联储内部观点分化，市场对12月降息预期经历"过山车"。9月非农数据是否支持降息、联储内部哪一派"票 数"占优？ 一、热点思考：跟随市场 （一）9月非农：或是美联储12月降息的"非充分条件" 美国9月官方就业数据"好坏参半"，非农超预期强劲，但失业率升至4.4%。 美国9月非农新增就业人数为11.9万人，超市场预期；但是，平均时薪环比在9月 仅为0.2%，较8月的0.4%大幅放缓；美国9月失业率上升0.1个百分点至4.4%，劳动参与率上升0.1个百分点至62.4%。 非农数据质量、劳动力供给改善对"非农强劲、失业恶化"的解释力不强。 1）9月机构调查的首次回复率高达80.2%，显著高于历史均值，数据可信度较高； 2）9月失业率上升0.12个百分点，主要推动力来自于"失业或离职"人群，而"新进入劳动力市场"群体贡献基本不变。 "滞后"的非农无法反映就业最新态势，但从辅助指标来看，就业市场前景亦是"好坏参半"。 一方面，10月下旬的高频ADP 数据表现疲软，WARN 裁员率持 续走高，就业压力边际上升；但另一方面，失业金申领人数保持稳定，小企业雇佣计划调查显示非农未 ...

摘要 二、大类资产&海外事件&数据：特朗普下调食品关税，高市早苗推出财政刺激草案 权益资产多数下跌，大宗商品多数下跌。 恒生科技下跌7.2%，纳指下跌2.7%；10Y美债收益率下行8.0bp至 4.06%；美元指数上涨0.9%至100.15，离岸人民币微贬至7.11；WTI原油大跌3.4%至58.1美元/桶，COMEX 黄金持平于4085.2美元/盎司。 特朗普下调食品关税，日本高市早苗推出财政刺激草案。 11月13日，美国宣布与阿根廷、厄瓜多尔、危地 马拉、萨尔瓦多达成贸易框架协议，下调食品关税。11月21日，日本政府公布21.3万亿日元综合经济刺激 草案，旨在通过民生补贴、危机管理投资、国防支出拉动GDP。 9月美国非农就业超预期，但失业率上行，美联储10月纪要显示官员观点分化。 美国9月非农新增就业人数 为11.9万人，超市场预期，但失业率上行至4.4%；美联储10月会议纪要显示，"许多"（many）参会者支持 保持利率不变，仅几位（several）参会者认为降息是合适的。 风险提示 地缘政治冲突升级；美国经济放缓超预期；美联储超预期转"鹰"。 报告正文 二、大类资产&海外事件&数据：特朗普下调食品关税 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the macroeconomic outlook for 2026, emphasizing the need to leverage reforms for economic benefits and identifying potential opportunities in various sectors [7][8]. - It highlights the "15th Five-Year Plan" as a crucial period for China's modernization, focusing on restructuring economic growth logic and promoting inclusive growth [11][12]. - The article outlines three main themes for the "15th Five-Year Plan": intelligent transformation, green transformation, and integrated development [11]. Group 2 - The article provides insights into the recent sharp decline in fiscal spending, attributing it to high base effects, declining revenues, and a reduction in government debt financing [14]. - It raises questions about the implications if "reciprocal tariffs" are deemed illegal, suggesting potential shifts in trade dynamics [15].

Core Viewpoint - The sharp decline in broad fiscal expenditure is primarily attributed to three factors: high base effect, revenue decline, and a decrease in government debt financing [3][80]. Group 1: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure Overview - In the first ten months of 2025, national general public budget revenue reached 18,649 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.8%, while expenditure was 22,582.5 billion yuan, up 2% year-on-year [2][79]. - In October 2025, broad fiscal expenditure decreased by 19.1% year-on-year, a drop of 21.4 percentage points compared to September, while broad fiscal revenue fell by 0.6%, down 3.8 percentage points from September [3][8][80]. - The budget completion rate for broad fiscal expenditure in October was 5.6%, lower than 7.2% in 2024 and the five-year average of 6.2%, indicating a historically low level for October [3][8][80]. Group 2: Factors Contributing to Expenditure Decline - The decline in October's broad fiscal expenditure is partly due to the high base effect from the same period in 2024, where expenditure had increased significantly [3][13][80]. - Government debt net financing in October 2025 was at a historically low level, with a year-on-year decrease of 5,602 billion yuan, which negatively impacted both social financing growth and fiscal expenditure growth [4][19][81]. - The rapid use of fiscal funds in 2025, including special bonds and other financial instruments, has also contributed to the decline in expenditure growth [4][19][81]. Group 3: Future Outlook and Support Measures - As new incremental funds are deployed, the support from fiscal and quasi-fiscal measures for the economy is expected to accelerate towards the end of the year [5][82]. - Two types of incremental funds have been established to address the weakening fiscal expenditure pressure in the fourth quarter: 5,000 billion yuan in new policy financial instruments and 5,000 billion yuan in local government debt limits [4][24][82]. - The focus of these funds includes digital economy, artificial intelligence, and consumption, particularly supporting economically significant provinces [4][24][82]. Group 4: Revenue Trends - Broad fiscal revenue in October 2025 decreased by 0.6% year-on-year, with government fund revenue dropping significantly by 18.4% [6][28][83]. - General fiscal revenue showed a slight increase of 3.2% year-on-year, while non-tax revenue saw a substantial decline of 33% [40][83]. - The completion rate for broad fiscal revenue in October was 9.3%, higher than 9% in 2024 and the five-year average of 8.8% [6][28][83].

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of "reform" as a source of dividends for the economy, particularly in the context of the 14th Five-Year Plan, which is expected to accelerate reform processes and enhance domestic demand policies [3][67][83] - The domestic economic environment has undergone three significant changes: the retreat of the "scar effect," the weakening impact of tariff conflicts on the economy, and the gradual formation of a new supply-side reform framework [2][8][21] - The article discusses the "non-typical recovery" of the economy, driven by improved consumer confidence and the effects of ongoing domestic demand policies, which are expected to lead to a recovery in investment growth and corporate profitability [4][5][55] Group 2 - The article highlights the need for a clear industrial adjustment strategy, focusing on advanced manufacturing as a backbone while upgrading traditional sectors and accelerating the opening of the service industry [67][74] - It points out that the structural changes in exports are evident, with a shift towards high value-added products and a decrease in low value-added goods, indicating a robust export resilience [21][22] - The article stresses the importance of addressing the "internal competition" within industries, which has led to a decline in profit margins and necessitates policies aimed at enhancing corporate profitability and operational vitality [15][41][55]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current macroeconomic situation in China and the implications of U.S. tariff policies, highlighting the potential decline in tariff levels and its impact on trade dynamics [5][8]. Deep Dive - The macroeconomic analysis by Zhao Wei emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of China's economic landscape and future outlook, particularly in light of recent global events [6][7]. Hot Topics - The article analyzes the ongoing debate regarding U.S. tariffs, suggesting that the scale of tariffs may decrease by 25% under baseline scenarios, which could significantly affect trade relations [8]. - The Supreme Court's deliberations on the legality of "countervailing tariffs" under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) are highlighted, with various justices expressing differing views on the extent of executive power in tariff imposition [8]. High-Frequency Tracking - The article identifies three main factors contributing to the recent rise in inflation, indicating that the impact of internal competition is limited, and other external factors are more influential [11]. - It discusses the necessity of maintaining relatively loose social financing conditions through a combination of policy tools to support economic growth [12]. - The recent resolution of the U.S. government shutdown is noted, with implications for market stability and employment figures, as ADP employment data exceeded expectations [16][19]. - The analysis points out the economic challenges stemming from overdrawn commodity demand and investment slowdowns, while also noting the recovery in service consumption and easing debt pressures [20]. - The phenomenon of "deposit migration" is re-emerging, indicating shifts in consumer behavior regarding savings [22].

Core Viewpoints - The challenges lie in the overspending of consumer demand and the impact of clearing accounts on investment, while the highlights are the recovery of service consumption and the alleviation of debt issues [2][66] Production - The reduction in working days and high inventory from previous periods have constrained production, leading to a significant decline in industrial value-added growth, which fell by 1.6 percentage points to 4.9% in October [9][33] - The manufacturing sector experienced a notable decline in production growth, with a marginal drop of 2.4 percentage points to 4.9% in October [33][66] Retail Sales - Retail sales growth in October was slightly down to 2.9%, primarily due to a decline in goods retail, which fell by 0.5 percentage points [6][52] - The "old-for-new" consumption model saw significant declines in categories such as automobiles (-8.2 percentage points to -6.6%) and home appliances (-17.9 percentage points to -14.6%) [17][66] - Service consumption remained resilient, with restaurant income improving by 2.9 percentage points to 3.8% [17][66] Investment - Fixed asset investment saw a substantial decline, with a year-on-year drop of 3.6 percentage points to -10.7% in October [19][67] - The impact of land acquisition costs and corporate account clearing has significantly affected investment, with other expenses dropping by 18.8 percentage points to -14.3% [19][67] - Manufacturing and service sector investments have also seen considerable declines, indicating ongoing effects from corporate account clearing and anti-involution policies [19][67] Real Estate - Demand-side sales and housing prices remain weak, with new housing sales area and sales amount dropping significantly by 15.1 percentage points and 17.1 percentage points, respectively [24][67] - The supply side shows a continued decline in credit financing for real estate companies, with new starts and completions also experiencing significant drops [24][67] Summary - Short-term factors are disrupting the economy, but their impact is weakening at the margins; policies are actively countering these effects, and the economy is expected to maintain resilience in the fourth quarter [31][68] - Potential risks include overspending in consumer demand and the impact of account clearing on investment, alongside structural highlights such as the alleviation of debt effects on investment [31][68]