Core Insights - The report identifies the "anti-involution" policy as a new round of supply-side reform, which aims to improve the persistently low price performance and may significantly impact asset allocation, shifting from a balanced strategy to a focus on core assets represented by large-cap growth stocks [1][12][47] - The historical context of the supply-side structural reform from 2016 to 2018 is analyzed, highlighting the market's journey from skepticism to optimism, and the importance of understanding the timing of policy implementation and market reactions [1][13] Policy Implementation Timing - The Central Economic Work Conference in November 2015 marked the clear signal for policy action, with specific policy documents for the steel and coal industries being released within three months, leading to rapid local government implementation [1][14][27] - The supply-side reform involved adjustments in the relationship between central and local governments, with local fiscal pressure alleviating as a key factor in the successful implementation of policies [1][15][27] Market Reaction Timeline - Commodity prices began to stabilize at the end of 2015, with significant price increases for rebar and thermal coal starting in mid-2016, indicating a market response to the supply-side reforms [3][10][38] - The stock market showed cautious behavior in the first half of 2016, but began to recover in the second half, particularly in the steel and coal sectors, which saw significant upward trends and excess returns [3][41][42] Key Changes in Supply-Side Reform - The 2016 supply-side reform was characterized by high efficiency, strong determination, and a shift in market expectations, with policies requiring not just the elimination of outdated capacity but also a mandatory reduction of overall capacity [2][8][28] - Accompanying measures, such as financial support and worker placement policies, were implemented to alleviate local government concerns, enhancing the commitment to the reforms [2][29][30] Focus Areas for Current Policies - Current policies are focused on the sustainability of local fiscal pressure relief, the issuance of specific industry policy documents, and the enforcement of local assessment constraints and accompanying measures [2][34] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring the recovery of local government revenues and the potential impact of land sales on fiscal health, which could provide the necessary support for the "anti-involution" policies [34][35] Conclusion on Market Dynamics - The report concludes that the success of the current "anti-involution" policies hinges on the ability to clear supply, which should lead to price recovery and subsequently improve corporate earnings, creating a positive feedback loop in the market [12][47]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" recommendation for the automotive industry, indicating a positive outlook for the second half of the year [1]. Core Insights - The report highlights the increasing popularity of new models from emerging automakers, such as the Leidao L90 and Li Auto i8, suggesting a rise in risk appetite for investing in standout products from new players. It anticipates continued strong sales in the terminal market for the second half of the year, alongside a decrease in price war risks due to recent industry destocking and a "de-involution" trend [1][2]. - Concerns regarding potential sales fluctuations due to the expected reduction in electric vehicle purchase tax next year are noted, with a recommendation to actively observe opportunities in the sector after sentiment digestion [1][2]. - The report projects a net profit of 19.2 billion yuan for A-share passenger vehicles in Q2 2025, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 1% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 31%. For auto parts, a net profit of 21.1 billion yuan is expected, remaining flat year-on-year and increasing by 5% quarter-on-quarter [1]. Data Tracking - In June, new energy vehicle deliveries from leading companies showed significant growth, with BYD delivering 383,000 units (up 12% year-on-year), and Leap Motor achieving 48,000 units (up 140% year-on-year). However, Li Auto's deliveries fell by 24% year-on-year to 36,000 units [3][19]. - Traditional automakers also saw notable sales increases, with Geely's sales rising by 42% year-on-year to 236,000 units in June. SAIC Group led the market with 365,000 units sold, a 21.6% increase year-on-year [3][21]. - The average discount rate in the automotive market slightly increased to 9.9% in early July, with an average discount amount of 22,185 yuan, reflecting a rise in both metrics compared to the previous month [3][7]. Industry News - The report notes significant developments in the automotive sector, including the merger of Geely and Zeekr, which is expected to strengthen Geely's market position [28]. - The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration announced adjustments to the consumption tax policy for ultra-luxury vehicles, which may impact sales dynamics in the high-end segment [29]. - The report also highlights the increasing penetration of new energy vehicles, with retail sales reaching 332,000 units in early July, a 26% year-on-year increase, while the penetration rate for new energy vehicles reached 58.1% [28]. Market Performance - The automotive sector experienced a weekly increase of 3.22%, ranking third among 29 sectors. The overall market indices also showed positive movements, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising by 0.69% and the CSI 300 by 1.09% [7][31]. - The report indicates that 208 stocks in the automotive sector rose, while 67 fell, reflecting a generally positive sentiment in the market [31].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommend" rating for the non-bank financial industry, specifically focusing on Circle and its stablecoin operations [1]. Core Insights - The report provides a comprehensive analysis of Circle, the issuer of the USDC stablecoin, highlighting its compliance, technology, and ecosystem. It contrasts Circle's operational model with that of Tether, the largest stablecoin issuer, and discusses Circle's competitive advantages and future prospects [5][6]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - As of July 2025, the non-bank financial sector comprises 71 companies with a total market capitalization of approximately 73,991.69 billion CNY, representing 6.91% of the market [1]. Performance Metrics - The report notes that Circle's USDC has a market share exceeding 20%, while Tether holds over 60% as of Q1 2025. Circle's total revenue and reserve income grew by 16% year-on-year, but net profit declined by 42% due to high operational costs [4][6]. Core Business Model Analysis - Circle's partnership with Coinbase is pivotal for USDC's distribution, with a circulation of 43.9 billion USD and 4.3 million active wallets as of December 2024. The revenue-sharing model between Circle and Coinbase is designed to enhance liquidity and market penetration [9][10]. - BlackRock plays a crucial role in Circle's ecosystem, managing a significant portion of USDC's reserve assets and providing regulatory credibility. This partnership enhances USDC's market trust and stability [11][12][16]. Governance Structure - Circle's governance has evolved through strategic transformations, including a shift from a payment tool to a stablecoin issuer and ecosystem builder. Key milestones include the establishment of the Centre alliance with Coinbase and the successful IPO in June 2025 [22][24][25]. Competitive Landscape - Circle's competitive edge lies in its compliance and transparency compared to Tether. The report emphasizes Circle's focus on regulatory adherence and its robust KYC and AML frameworks, which are critical in the stablecoin market [18][21]. - The report also highlights the potential for operational improvements, particularly in diversifying revenue streams and reducing reliance on a single income source [23][28]. Financial Performance - Circle's financial structure shows a heavy reliance on reserve income, primarily from U.S. Treasury securities. The report indicates that operational costs are a significant burden, with employee compensation constituting a large portion of total expenses [32][37]. Management Team - The report outlines the qualifications and roles of Circle's core management team, emphasizing their experience in technology, finance, and regulatory affairs, which are essential for navigating the complex landscape of digital assets [34][35].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommendation" for the steel industry, indicating a positive outlook for investment opportunities [6]. Core Viewpoints - The steel industry is experiencing a warming sentiment combined with cost support, leading to a strong performance in steel prices. The report notes that the prices for five major steel products have shown weekly increases, with rebar prices reaching 3,316 CNY/ton, reflecting a 0.83% increase week-on-week [1][2]. - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is set to introduce a work plan aimed at stabilizing growth in key industries, including steel, which is expected to optimize supply structure and eliminate outdated production capacity [3]. - The report suggests that the steel industry is likely to see a long-term recovery in both valuation and performance, driven by improved profitability and a reduction in production capacity in certain regions [4][5]. Summary by Sections 1. Weekly Market Review - As of July 18, 2025, the prices for five major steel products are as follows: rebar at 3,316 CNY/ton, wire rod at 3,629 CNY/ton, hot-rolled coil at 3,345 CNY/ton, cold-rolled coil at 3,775 CNY/ton, and medium plate at 3,425 CNY/ton, with weekly changes of +0.83%, +0.76%, +1.47%, +1.16%, and +0.91% respectively [1][15]. - The total production of the five major products reached 8.6819 million tons, a decrease of 45,300 tons week-on-week [1]. - The average daily molten iron output from 247 steel enterprises was 2.4244 million tons, an increase of 26,300 tons week-on-week, with a blast furnace capacity utilization rate of 90.89%, up by 0.99 percentage points [1][18]. 2. Key Industry Data Tracking (a) Production Data - The report highlights that the production data indicates a slight increase in iron output and a recovery in electric arc furnace operation rates, suggesting a stabilization in the industry despite seasonal demand weakness [2][18]. (b) Consumption Volume of Five Major Steel Products - The total consumption of the five major products was 8.7011 million tons, reflecting a decrease of 29,600 tons week-on-week, with specific changes in consumption for rebar, wire rod, hot-rolled, cold-rolled, and medium plate [1][39]. (c) Inventory Situation - The total steel inventory stood at 13.3766 million tons, a decrease of 19,200 tons week-on-week, with social inventory increasing by 81,000 tons to 9.2211 million tons, while steel mill inventory decreased by 100,200 tons to 4.1555 million tons [1][51]. (d) Profitability Situation - The average molten iron cost for 114 steel mills was reported at 2,256 CNY/ton, remaining stable week-on-week. The gross profit per ton for high furnace rebar, hot-rolled coil, and cold-rolled coil was +171 CNY/ton, +146 CNY/ton, and +32 CNY/ton respectively, with slight variations noted [1][4]. 3. Stock Market Performance - The steel index closed at 2,294.69 points, with a weekly increase of 0.36%, while the overall A-share index rose by 1.40% [4][6]. - The report indicates that the overall valuation of the steel sector remains low, with specific companies showing potential for recovery in both valuation and profitability [10].

债券研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券周报】 再议债市的宏观线索：反内卷、城市会议、 关税谈判——债券周报 20250720 债券周报 2025 年 07 月 20 日 华创证券研究所 证券分析师：周冠南 电话：010-66500886 邮箱：zhouguannan@hcyjs.com 执业编号：S0360517090002 证券分析师：靳晓航 电话：010-66500819 邮箱：jinxiaohang@hcyjs.com 执业编号：S0360522080003 证券分析师：许洪波 电话：010-66500905 邮箱：xuhongbo@hcyjs.com 执业编号：S0360522090004 证券分析师：宋琦 电话：010-63214665 邮箱：songqi@hcyjs.com 执业编号：S0360523080002 联系人：李阳 邮箱：liyang3@hcyjs.com 联系人：张威 邮箱：zhangwei7@hcyjs.com 相关研究报告 《 【华创固收】旺季兑现，"反内卷"提振价格 预期——每周高频跟踪 20250719》 2025-07-19 《【华创固收】"反内卷"行情持续升温，强赎集 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a recommendation for investment in the stablecoin sector, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize global payment efficiency and its implications for the financial system [2][10]. Core Insights - Stablecoins represent a technological innovation that enhances global payment efficiency while also reflecting the digital extension of dollar hegemony and the ongoing competition within sovereign financial systems [2][10]. - The future development of stablecoins will depend on the maturation of regulatory frameworks and the evolution of a multipolar stablecoin ecosystem, which could determine their role as a core component of inclusive global financial infrastructure [2][10]. Summary by Sections Stablecoin 1.0: Efficiency Revolution in Traditional Payment Models - Stablecoins leverage smart contracts for automated payments, reducing credit risk and enhancing efficiency [11][12]. - They significantly lower cross-border payment costs, with fees dropping to as low as $0.00025 per transaction compared to traditional systems [19][20]. - In high-inflation economies, stablecoins serve as a hedge against inflation and facilitate cross-border settlements [27][28]. Stablecoin 2.0: Digital Extension of the Dollar - As of July 4, 2025, the global stablecoin market is valued at $241.634 billion, predominantly backed by the US dollar [30][32]. - The issuance of stablecoins is expected to increase demand for US Treasury securities, reinforcing the dollar's dominance [33][36]. Stablecoin 3.0: New Variables for Global Financial Stability - The stability of stablecoins relies on trust mechanisms, with potential systemic risks emerging from liquidity and credit risks [37][42]. - The rise of stablecoins may challenge sovereign monetary policies and reduce the effectiveness of macroeconomic controls [38][42]. Stablecoin 4.0: Future Compliance and Ecosystem Integration - The report anticipates four concurrent trends in stablecoin development: regulatory frameworks enhancing compliance, deeper integration with traditional finance, the creation of stablecoin application ecosystems, and the emergence of a multipolar stablecoin system [45][52]. - Regulatory developments in regions like the EU, the US, and Hong Kong are expected to shape the future landscape of stablecoins [46][48].

证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券日报】 质押券取消冻结：境内与境外、当下与未来 ❖ 2025 年 7 月 18 日，央行发布《中国人民银行关于修改部分规章的决定（征求 意见稿）》起草说明。其中，第二方面内容取消对债券回购的质押券进行冻结 的规定，引发市场关注。 ❖ 一、现行情况：回购交易的质押券原户冻结 1、法律规定，质权自权利凭证交付时设立。按照《民法典》第四百四十一条 的相关内容，有价证券出质的质权的设立以汇票、本票、支票、债券、存款单、 仓单、提单出质的，质权自权利凭证交付质权人时设立。 2、现行情况：考虑质押物出质后质权人或存在不当使用的问题，质押券采用 原户冻结的模式。债券登记托管结算机构可依法为债券持有人提供债券质押 登记服务，对相应债券进行冻结。一方面，债券质押品被冻结在资金融入方账 户，无法继续在二级市场流通。另一方面，出现债务人违约等情况，债权人可 能无法及时处置质押物来实现债权，或面临一定的损失风险。 ❖ 二、美欧及香港经验：质押券逆回购方可再使用 1、美欧：目前美欧操作中，逆回购方可使用质押券进行再融资。相关法律规 定，对手方同意的情况下，资金融出方能够对作为抵押品的金融工具行使重复 使用 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommend" rating for the communication industry, expecting the industry index to outperform the benchmark index by more than 5% in the next 3-6 months [36]. Core Insights - The optical module industry has shown unexpected growth in the first half of 2025, with major companies reporting over 50% year-on-year profit increases, driven by the demand for 800G products [22][26]. - NVIDIA's H20 chip is set to re-enter the Chinese market, which is expected to enhance the domestic computing power supply chain and benefit related sectors such as IDC [19][17]. - The communication sector has outperformed the broader market indices, with a 7.56% increase in the past week, and a 17.82% increase year-to-date, significantly surpassing the performance of the CSI 300 index [9][10]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The communication industry consists of 123 listed companies with a total market capitalization of approximately 492.49 billion yuan [3]. - The sector's performance has been strong, with a year-to-date increase of 17.82%, outperforming the CSI 300 index by 14.67 percentage points [9]. Market Performance - The communication sector's absolute performance over the last month, six months, and twelve months stands at 8.7%, 18.6%, and 30.5%, respectively [4]. - The sector's PE-TTM is reported at 35.94, compared to 13.39 for the CSI 300 index [9]. Key Companies and Recommendations - Key recommendations include China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom for operators; for optical modules, NewEase, Tianfu Communication, and Zhongji Xuchuang are highlighted [30]. - The report suggests monitoring companies like Aofei Data, Guanghuan New Network, and Runze Technology in the IDC sector due to the anticipated benefits from the H20 chip's market re-entry [19][30]. Optical Module Market - Major optical module suppliers in China have reported significant profit growth, with NewEase's net profit expected to increase by 327.68%-385.47% year-on-year [22]. - The demand for 800G and 1.6T products is driving the market, with expectations of continued growth in the coming quarters [26][24].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommendation" rating for the express delivery industry, indicating an expected increase in the industry index exceeding the benchmark index by more than 5% in the next 3-6 months [2][30]. Core Insights - The express delivery industry experienced a business volume growth of 15.8% in June, with a total of 16.87 billion packages delivered, and a cumulative growth of 19.3% for the first half of the year [5][8]. - The industry's revenue in June reached 126.32 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 9.0%, with a cumulative revenue of 718.78 billion yuan for the first half, up 10.1% year-on-year [5][8]. - The average revenue per package in June was 7.49 yuan, down 5.9% year-on-year, with a cumulative average of 7.52 yuan for the first half, down 7.7% [5][8]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The express delivery industry is showing signs of recovery with significant growth in business volume and revenue, driven by major players like SF Express, which led the growth with a 31.8% increase in June [5][6]. - The report highlights the ongoing "anti-involution" trend in the industry, which is expected to enhance the performance elasticity of express delivery companies in the medium to long term [5][8]. Company Performance - SF Express continues to lead the market with a year-to-date growth rate of 31.8%, outperforming the industry average [5][6]. - In terms of revenue growth for June, SF Express reported a 14.2% increase, while other companies like YTO Express and Shentong Express also showed positive growth rates [5][8]. Investment Opportunities - The report suggests focusing on investment opportunities within the express delivery sector, particularly in companies like Shentong and YTO, which are expected to benefit from the ongoing market adjustments [5][8]. - SF Express's "activation operation" strategy is highlighted as a key driver for its sustained growth, with expectations for continued performance improvement [5][8].

Group 1: Capital Flow Overview - In Q1 2025, cross-border capital continued to show a net outflow of $316.7 billion, the highest level since Q1 2021[2] - The main driver of the net outflow was domestic capital outflow, which reached $481.1 billion, also the highest since Q1 2021[2] - Foreign capital inflow amounted to $195.4 billion, while foreign capital outflow was $31.0 billion[2] Group 2: Domestic Investment Trends - Domestic securities investment outflow reached a record high of $164.5 billion since 2011, with $1.25 billion in equity investment and $394 million in bond investment[22] - Direct investment outflow from domestic sources was $143.6 billion, marking the highest level since Q1 2021[30] - Trade credit net outflow was $44.2 billion, the highest since Q4 2015, with domestic trade credit outflow of $18.3 billion[32] Group 3: Gold Reserves and Monetary Trends - Monetary gold increased by $38.3 billion in Q1 2025, setting a record since 2011, with a total increase of 1.126 million ounces since November 2022[35] - The total international investment assets reached $10.70 trillion, while total liabilities were $7.09 trillion, resulting in a net investment position of $3.61 trillion[39]