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集运日报:盘面继续反弹符合日报筑底判断远月较强建议空仓过节控制风险,设置好止损-20250929
Xin Shi Ji Qi Huo· 2025-09-29 11:23
Report Overview - Report Date: September 29, 2025 [1] - Report Type: Container Shipping Daily Report - Research Group: Shipping Research Group Investment Rating - No investment rating provided in the report Core Views - The market continues to rebound, in line with the report's bottoming - out prediction, with far - month contracts stronger. It is recommended to control risks by holding an empty position during the holiday and setting stop - losses [2] - The tariff issue has a marginal effect, and the current focus is on the direction of spot freight rates. The main contract may be in the bottoming process, and it is recommended to participate with a light position or wait and see [4] - Although liner companies have announced a freight rate increase for late October, there are doubts about the implementation, and the market fluctuates widely and moves downward under the long - short game. Attention should be paid to tariff policies, the Middle East situation, and spot freight rates [4] Summary by Content Freight Rate Index - On September 22, SCFIS (European route) was 1254.92 points, down 12.9% from the previous period; SCFIS (US West route) was 1193.64 points, down 11.6% [3] - On September 26, NCFI (composite index) was 717.36 points, down 8.47% from the previous period; NCFI (European route) was 614.14 points, down 8.83%; NCFI (US West route) was 868.22 points, down 8.11% [3] - On September 26, SCFI was 1114.52 points, down 83.69 points from the previous period; SCFI (European route) was 971 USD/TEU, down 7.70%; SCFI (US West route) was 1460 USD/FEU, down 10.76% [3] - On September 26, CCFI (composite index) was 1087.41 points, down 2.9% from the previous period; CCFI (European route) was 1401.91 points, down 4.7%; CCFI (US West route) was 824.92 points, up 2.4% [3] Economic Data - Eurozone's September manufacturing PMI preliminary value was 49.5, back below the boom - bust line, lower than analysts' expectations and the previous value of 50.7. The service PMI preliminary value rose from 50.5 to 51.4, exceeding the expected 50.5. The composite PMI preliminary value was 51.2, exceeding analysts' expectations. The Sentix investor confidence index was - 9.2, with an expected - 2 and a previous value of - 3.7 [3] - In August, China's manufacturing PMI was 49.4%, up 0.1 percentage points from the previous month, and the manufacturing prosperity level improved. The composite PMI output index was 50.5%, up 0.3 percentage points from the previous month, indicating that the overall expansion of Chinese enterprises' production and business activities accelerated [4] - The preliminary value of the US September S&P Global manufacturing PMI was 52 (August final value was 53); the service PMI preliminary value was 53.9 (August final value was 54.5); the composite PMI preliminary value was 53.6 (August final value was 54.6) [4] Contract Information - On September 26, the main contract 2510 closed at 1139.0, down 1.86%, with a trading volume of 22,000 lots and an open interest of 32,400 lots, a decrease of 3095 lots from the previous day [4] Strategies - Short - term strategy: The main contract remains weak, and far - month contracts are stronger, in line with the bottoming - out prediction. Risk - takers are recommended to try to go long on the 12 and 02 contracts around 1600. Pay attention to the subsequent market trend, do not hold losing positions, and set stop - losses [5] - Arbitrage strategy: Under the background of international situation turmoil, each contract still follows the seasonal logic with large fluctuations. It is recommended to wait and see or try with a light position [5] - Long - term strategy: It is recommended to take profits when each contract rises, wait for the callback to stabilize, and then judge the subsequent direction [5] Other Information - The circuit - breaker limit for contracts 2508 - 2606 is adjusted to 18% [5] - The margin of the company for contracts 2508 - 2606 is adjusted to 28% [5] - The daily opening limit for all contracts 2508 - 2606 is 100 lots [5] - On September 27, local time, the Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) was reported to agree to the US - proposed Gaza cease - fire plan, but Hamas has not yet commented. On September 26, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu defended Israel's military actions in the Gaza Strip and multiple Middle Eastern countries at the UN General Assembly, and his speech was protested by many parties [6]
港交所技術面現分歧!熊證兩日賺27%的啟示
Ge Long Hui· 2025-09-24 03:59
Market Overview - The Hong Kong stock market, represented by Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (00388), is currently experiencing a tug-of-war between bullish and bearish sentiments, with technical indicators sending mixed signals [1] - As of 13:15, the stock price is at HKD 435.8, down 1.49%, oscillating near the 10-day moving average of HKD 446.36 and the 30-day moving average of HKD 444.37, while remaining above the 60-day moving average of HKD 435.69 [1] - The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is at 46, indicating a potential oversold condition, while the MACD and Ichimoku indicators suggest a bearish trend, indicating an imminent decision on short-term direction [1] Technical Analysis - Key support levels are identified between HKD 418 and HKD 428, while resistance levels are at HKD 450 and a stronger resistance at HKD 466 [1] - Despite a modest 5.5% fluctuation over five days, the overall strength of technical indicators reaches an 8-level buy signal, suggesting a potential breakout momentum [1] - The narrowing Bollinger Bands indicate that the market is in a state of consolidation, poised for a breakout [1] Derivative Market Performance - Recent performance in the warrants market shows significant gains, with the recommended Morgan Stanley bear certificate (60987) rising 27% within two days despite a 2.07% drop in the underlying stock [3] - The Bank of China put option (19860) also recorded an 11% increase during the same period, highlighting the potential for significant returns from bearish products during market volatility [3] Investment Strategies - For bullish positions, UBS call options (16698) offer a high leverage of 17.6 times, while Societe Generale call options (16900) provide even higher leverage at 18 times, both with an exercise price set at HKD 484.08 [6] - Bearish strategies can focus on Bank of China put options (19860) and UBS put options (19854), both maintaining low implied volatility and offering leverage above 7 times [8] - Morgan Stanley bear certificate (66719) has a redemption price of HKD 473, noted for its low premium and high actual leverage, while UBS bear certificate (60541) strikes a good balance between leverage and premium [8]
国投期货化工日报-20250923
Guo Tou Qi Huo· 2025-09-23 12:10
Report Industry Investment Ratings - Acrylonitrile: ★★★ (Three stars represent a clearer long/short trend, and there is still a relatively appropriate investment opportunity currently) [1] - Plastic: ★★★ [1] - Pure Benzene: ★★★ [1] - Styrene: ★★★ [1] - PX: ★★★ [1] - PTA: ★★★ [1] - Ethylene Glycol: ★★★ [1] - Short Fiber: ★★★ [1] - Bottle Chip: ★★☆ [1] - Methanol: ★★★ [1] - Urea: ★★★ [1] - PVC: ★★★ [1] - Caustic Soda: ★★★ [1] - Soda Ash: ★☆☆ (One star represents a bullish/bearish bias, indicating a driving force for price increase/decrease, but the market is not very operable) [1] - Glass: ★★★ [1] Core Viewpoints - The futures of olefins and polyolefins continued to decline. The supply pressure from the restart of northern acrylonitrile plants is emerging, and the market sentiment is bearish. The demand for raw material replenishment by terminal enterprises and the release of upstream production capacity are in a multi - short game, showing a weakening trend. The supply of polyolefins is expected to increase, while the demand support is limited [2]. - The price of pure benzene continued to fall, with a slight narrowing of the decline in East China. The actual fundamentals are okay, but the high expected import volume and poor profits of downstream products drag down the market. The supply, demand, and inventory of styrene are expected to increase, but the supply increase is greater than the demand increase, so the price trend is weak [3]. - The supply - demand strong expectation of PX is weakened, and the valuation is under pressure. The processing margin and basis of PTA have been repaired, but the industry profit is still poor. The price of ethylene glycol has been falling, with weak expectations. The short - fiber price has followed the raw materials and the external sentiment to decline, and the near - month contract can be allocated bullishly. The bottle - chip industry has over - capacity, and the expected processing margin repair space is limited [4]. - The methanol futures hit a new low. The high port inventory and the expectation of continuous inventory accumulation suppress the price increase. The urea market is in a situation of oversupply and may continue to be under pressure [5]. - The PVC price followed the macro sentiment to decline, with a loose supply - demand pattern and high inventory pressure. The caustic soda price dropped sharply, with a weak current situation and a strong future expectation [6]. - The soda ash industry is in a situation of oversupply, and the price is falling. The glass market has a pattern of high supply and weak demand, with a high - level decline in price [7]. Summaries by Categories Olefins - Polyolefins - Acrylonitrile futures continued to decline. The supply pressure from the restart of northern plants is emerging, and the market sentiment is bearish. There is a multi - short game between terminal demand and upstream production capacity release, showing a weakening trend [2]. - Polyolefin futures continued to decline. The supply of polyethylene is expected to increase, and the demand support is limited. The supply of polypropylene is also expected to increase, while the demand is weak [2]. Pure Benzene - Styrene - The price of pure benzene continued to fall, with a slight narrowing of the decline in East China. The actual fundamentals are okay, but the high expected import volume and poor profits of downstream products drag down the market [3]. - Styrene futures declined. The supply, demand, and inventory are expected to increase, but the supply increase is greater than the demand increase, so the price trend is weak [3]. Polyester - The supply - demand strong expectation of PX is weakened, and the valuation is under pressure. The processing margin and basis of PTA have been repaired, but the industry profit is still poor. Pay attention to the possibility of polyester inventory reduction due to downstream stocking [4]. - The price of ethylene glycol has been falling, with weak expectations. The short - fiber price has followed the raw materials and the external sentiment to decline, and the near - month contract can be allocated bullishly. The bottle - chip industry has over - capacity, and the expected processing margin repair space is limited [4]. Coal Chemical Industry - The methanol futures hit a new low. The high port inventory and the expectation of continuous inventory accumulation suppress the price increase [5]. - The urea market is in a situation of oversupply and may continue to be under pressure [5]. Chlor - Alkali Industry - The PVC price followed the macro sentiment to decline, with a loose supply - demand pattern and high inventory pressure [6]. - The caustic soda price dropped sharply, with a weak current situation and a strong future expectation [6]. Soda Ash - Glass - The soda ash industry is in a situation of oversupply, and the price is falling. Look for opportunities to short at high prices, but be cautious near the cost [7]. - The glass market has a pattern of high supply and weak demand, with a high - level decline in price. Wait and see before the festival and look for opportunities to go long near the cost later [7].
股指期货:多空博弈,震荡延续
Nan Hua Qi Huo· 2025-09-22 10:45
Report Title - "Stock Index Futures Daily Report" released on September 22, 2025 [1] Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core View - The stock market was oscillating strongly today. In terms of index style, small and medium - cap stock indices were dominant again. The trading volume of the two markets narrowed to around 2.1 trillion yuan. The phone call between the Chinese and US leaders sent a positive signal. The volume - weighted average basis of stock index futures declined today, affected by the decline of most futures contract basis and the listing of new contracts. Recently, the news was relatively calm and lacked unexpected information. The market was mainly a game between bulls and bears. With the approaching of the National Day and Mid - Autumn Festival holidays, some funds might leave the market to deal with uncertain risks, resulting in a decline in both spot and futures trading volume and a weakening of market trading enthusiasm. However, supported by the expectation of favorable policies, the downside space of the stock index was limited. It was expected that the stock index would continue to oscillate in the short term [4] Market Review - The stock index oscillated strongly today. Taking the CSI 300 index as an example, it closed up 0.46%. In terms of capital, the trading volume of the two markets decreased by 2023.47 billion yuan. Among stock index futures, IH rose with increasing volume, while the rest rose with decreasing volume [2] Important Information - The Chinese and US leaders had a phone call. According to the Global Times, Trump said the call was "very productive", and the two leaders would meet during the APEC meeting and he planned to visit China early next year. The 5 - year and 1 - year LPR quotes remained unchanged in September. The State Council Information Office held a press conference on the "High - quality Completion of the 14th Five - Year Plan" series of themes at 3 p.m. [3][6] Strategy Recommendation - It is recommended to mainly hold positions and wait and see [5] Futures Market Observation | Index | IF | IH | IC | IM | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Main contract intraday gain/loss (%) | 0.30 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.39 | | Trading volume (10,000 lots) | 11.0121 | 5.0813 | 11.4627 | 21.3295 | | Trading volume change compared with the previous period (10,000 lots) | - 5.2955 | - 1.6499 | - 7.2929 | - 10.545 | | Open interest (10,000 lots) | 25.6208 | 9.9659 | 23.8802 | 35.4212 | | Open interest change compared with the previous period (10,000 lots) | - 0.0745 | 0.3869 | - 0.743 | - 1.0197 | [5] Spot Market Observation | Name | Value | | --- | --- | | Shanghai Composite Index gain/loss (%) | 0.22 | | Shenzhen Component Index gain/loss (%) | 0.67 | | Ratio of rising and falling stocks | 0.69 | | Trading volume of the two markets (billion yuan) | 21214.83 | | Trading volume change compared with the previous period (billion yuan) | - 2023.47 | [7]
黄金,3705得失是关键!
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-22 05:55
Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that after the Federal Reserve's interest rate decision, gold prices attempted to break through $3700 but ultimately fell, leading to market skepticism about further increases and concerns about a significant downturn [2][4] - The article emphasizes that fluctuations in gold prices are normal, especially after a substantial increase of $400, and highlights the importance of key support and resistance levels, particularly the $3610 and $3650 marks [2][4] - The $3700 level is identified as a critical resistance point, and if gold cannot maintain above this level, it may enter a consolidation phase where both bullish and bearish opportunities exist [2][4] Group 2 - The analysis suggests a short position in the range of $3690-$3695, with a stop-loss set at $3710, indicating a focus on the potential for price movement within the $3675-$3670 range [5] - The article notes that the previous high of $3706 is significant for determining the continuation of the upward trend, and that profit-taking could occur due to market sentiment [4]
一招学会看趋势,成功率提升80%
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-09-20 13:06
Group 1 - The concept of "trend" in the market is often misunderstood, with many confusing short-term movements for actual trends, which are long-term developments [1][2][4] - The market operates on the principle of "force," where the strength of either bulls or bears determines the trend direction, and understanding this is crucial for making profitable decisions [1][10] - A stock typically goes through a cycle of accumulation, rise, consolidation, and distribution, and recognizing where a stock is in this cycle is essential for trend analysis [1][6] Group 2 - Short-term trends are often misinterpreted; true trends require analysis over longer periods, such as weekly or monthly charts, to avoid false signals [2][4][8] - The behavior of market participants during downtrends is characterized by panic selling, leading to further price declines, and understanding this can help avoid poor investment decisions [10][12] - Successful trading strategies involve identifying and operating within defined price ranges during consolidation phases, rather than attempting to catch bottoms in downtrends [8][14]
刷新历史纪录,A股杠杆资金首破2.4万亿
Di Yi Cai Jing· 2025-09-18 12:03
Group 1 - The A-share market experienced fluctuations, with major indices reaching new highs before a collective decline in the afternoon, indicating a potential market correction after a period of rapid growth [2][6] - As of September 17, the margin trading balance reached a historical record of 2.4054 trillion yuan, accounting for 2.51% of the A-share market's circulating market value, still below the peak of 4.73% in 2015 [2][3] - The sectors attracting leveraged funds include electronics, power equipment, non-bank financials, and computers, with significant net purchases observed in these industries [4][5] Group 2 - The number of individual investors in the A-share market has been increasing, rising from 7.6148 million on September 1 to 7.6611 million by September 17 [4] - The trading volume on September 18 reached 3.13 trillion yuan, a significant increase of 758.4 billion yuan compared to the previous day, indicating heightened market activity [6][8] - Analysts suggest that the market will continue to experience a tug-of-war between bullish and bearish sentiments, with high-valuation tech stocks facing pressure in the absence of continuous easing support [6][9] Group 3 - The most favored stocks by leveraged funds include popular names such as Dongfang Caifu, China Ping An, and BYD, with financing balances exceeding 24 billion yuan for some [5] - The sectors with the highest net purchases from September 1 to 17 include power equipment, electronics, and non-bank financials, while the defense industry saw significant net selling [4][5] - The overall sentiment remains optimistic for the long-term outlook of the A-share market, supported by factors such as economic stability, low valuations, and increasing investor returns through dividends and buybacks [9]
黑色建材日报:降息靴子落地,多空博弈趋缓-20250918
Hua Tai Qi Huo· 2025-09-18 05:40
Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - The steel market is under inventory pressure, with increased contradictions in the building materials fundamentals and pressured prices, while the plate demand remains resilient, and the price is relatively strong. After the Fed's interest rate cut, policies and expectations support steel prices. The iron ore market has significant growth in global shipments, a slight decline in arrivals, high pig iron production, and falling steel mill profits. The coking coal production resumes slowly, and the double - coking spot rebounds. The power coal market has rising prices in the producing areas due to increased demand, and the price is expected to be volatile in the short - term and supply - abundant in the long - term [1][3][5][7] Market Analysis Steel - Futures and spot: Steel futures prices fluctuated. Spot steel sales were generally weak, with better low - price transactions. The national building materials sales volume was 10,270 tons. Steel production and inventory increased. - Supply and demand logic: Building materials face increased fundamental contradictions and price pressure due to inventory. Plate demand is resilient, and prices are relatively strong. Fed's interest rate cut, anti - involution policies, holiday restocking expectations, and environmental protection policies support steel prices [1] Iron Ore - Futures and spot: Iron ore futures prices fluctuated. In the spot market, prices of mainstream imported iron ore varieties in Tangshan ports had slight fluctuations. Traders' quoting enthusiasm was average, and steel mills' purchases were mainly for刚需. The total national main port iron ore trading volume was 1.265 million tons, a 9.25% decrease from the previous day. The forward spot trading volume was 965,000 tons (7 transactions), a 21.54% decrease, with 545,000 tons from mines. - Supply and demand logic: Global iron ore shipments increased significantly, arrivals decreased slightly, pig iron production was high, and steel mill profits continued to decline. Considering the holiday restocking demand, iron ore consumption is resilient. Attention should be paid to the impact of floating cargo volume on arrivals and steel mills' pre - holiday restocking rhythm [3] Double - Coking (Coking Coal and Coke) - Futures and spot: Double - coking futures main contracts fluctuated. After the coke price cut, coking profits shrank, and production was relatively stable. This week, coking coal production growth slowed, inventory was basically decreasing, some mines were affected by environmental protection and over - production inspections, and Mongolian coal imports remained high. - Supply and demand logic: For coke, after the price cut, production in most areas was stable except in Tangshan. Downstream demand was resilient. For coking coal, downstream restocking demand was released before the National Day, inventory decreased continuously. With the Fed's interest rate cut and domestic policy expectations, double - coking is expected to be slightly strong in the short - term [5] Thermal Coal - Futures and spot: In the producing areas, coal prices continued to rise. Demand from the chemical and cement industries and civilian demand increased. With the rise in port prices, the purchasing enthusiasm of platforms and coal yards increased, and most mines had more coal - pulling trucks and a strong willingness to raise prices. In the port market, sentiment was good, some traders were reluctant to sell due to high shipping costs and tight resources, and prices of some high - quality coal varieties increased. The price decline of domestic coal narrowed, imported high - calorie coal was stable, and low - calorie coal prices rebounded, narrowing the price gap between domestic and imported coal. - Supply and demand logic: Production in the producing areas is gradually recovering, and daily power coal consumption is decreasing. The price will fluctuate in the short - term, and the supply will be abundant in the long - term. Attention should be paid to non - power coal consumption and restocking [7] Strategies Steel - Unilateral: Oscillation - Others: No cross - period, cross - variety, spot - futures, or option strategies [2] Iron Ore - Unilateral: Oscillation - Others: No cross - period, cross - variety, spot - futures, or option strategies [4] Double - Coking - Coking coal: Oscillation - Coke: Oscillation - Others: No cross - period, cross - variety, spot - futures, or option strategies [6]
碳酸锂多头大撤退:一场“白色石油”的博弈战
经济观察报· 2025-09-17 13:18
Core Viewpoint - The lithium carbonate futures market is experiencing a significant shift, with a notable withdrawal of long positions and a substantial outflow of funds, indicating a change in market sentiment towards this once-booming sector [1][2][3]. Market Dynamics - In the past three weeks, the holding volume and capital flow in the lithium carbonate futures market have changed, with long contracts being quietly closed and a considerable amount of capital leaving the market [1]. - As of September 16, 2025, the benchmark price for battery-grade lithium carbonate in China has dropped to 71,683 yuan/ton, reflecting a week-on-week decrease of 3.07%, a month-on-month decline of 11.94%, and a year-on-year drop of 8.33% [1]. Market Sentiment - A large-scale exit of long positions has been observed, with one trading supervisor reporting a 15% loss from closing their remaining long positions, which they deemed a wise decision compared to the risks of holding [2][6]. - On September 10, the main contract for lithium carbonate futures opened significantly lower, reaching a minimum of 68,600 yuan/ton, nearly hitting the limit down, and closing with a drop of over 5% [2][5]. Supply and Demand Factors - The anticipated resumption of production at the Jiangxiawo lithium mine owned by CATL has heightened market expectations, leading to a shift in supply dynamics [3][12]. - The price of lithium carbonate has been affected by a decrease in production costs, with the cost of purchasing spodumene for lithium carbonate production dropping from 80,000 yuan/ton at the beginning of the year to around 65,000 yuan/ton [13]. - In August, China's lithium carbonate production reached a record high of 85,200 tons, contributing to increased supply and downward pressure on prices [14]. Demand Trends - Demand for lithium carbonate is showing signs of weakness, particularly in traditional sectors, with a notable decline in sales of mid-to-low-end electric vehicles [15]. - Despite a slight increase in production from leading battery manufacturers, actual purchasing intentions remain weak, leading to a cautious inventory strategy among companies [15][16]. Market Adjustments - Following the withdrawal of long positions, the market is seeking a new price equilibrium, with expectations that lithium carbonate prices will fluctuate between 65,000 yuan/ton and 80,000 yuan/ton in the near term [18]. - Companies are adjusting their strategies, with some integrating upstream resources and others entering trial production phases for new lithium projects [19]. Technological Innovations - New technologies such as lithium recycling and direct lithium extraction are gaining attention, with companies exploring ways to reduce costs further [21]. - Despite short-term price adjustments, the long-term outlook for the lithium industry remains positive, with projected annual demand growth of over 15% in the next five years [21].
沪锡期货周报-20250915
Guo Jin Qi Huo· 2025-09-15 10:56
Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core View This week, the SHFE tin 2510 contract experienced a tug - of - war between bulls and bears in a complex market environment, with significant price fluctuations. Positive macro data spurred active capital inflows, driving up the price [2]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Futures Market - **Contract Market**: The price of the SHFE tin 2510 contract showed a pattern of first declining and then rising. In the first half of the week, it fluctuated downward due to macro - economic data and market sentiment. In the second half, with marginal improvement in macro sentiment and supply - side tightness, bullish forces strengthened, leading to a strong rebound and an overall price increase. The price fluctuated sharply, and the battle between bulls and bears was intense [3]. - **Variety Price**: The report provides detailed price data for multiple SHFE tin contracts, including opening, high, low, closing prices, trading volume, open interest, and other information. For example, the sn2510 contract had a weekly opening price of 273,340, a high of 274,900, a low of 268,010, and a closing price of 273,950 [6]. 3.2 Spot Market - **Registered Warehouse Receipts**: On September 12, the SHFE tin futures warehouse receipts were 7,326 tons, a decrease of 178 tons from the previous trading day. The cumulative decrease in SHFE tin futures warehouse receipts in the past week was 71 tons [7]. 3.3 Influencing Factors - **Industry Aspect**: On the supply side, tin ore mining in production areas such as Yunnan in China has been continuously restricted, and some smelters continued their maintenance in September, constraining the output of concentrates and supporting the spot price. On the demand side, the traditional electronic solder field was weak due to the drag of the real estate and infrastructure sectors, with lackluster demand growth for SHFE tin. The lack of demand led to light trading in the spot market and limited upward momentum for the spot price [8]. - **Macro Factors**: The year - on - year growth rate of the US PPI in August unexpectedly slowed to 2.6%, and the core PPI decreased by 0.1% month - on - month. This strengthened the market's expectation of a Fed rate cut in September, weakening the US dollar index and providing some support for the US - dollar - denominated SHFE tin price [9]. 3.4 Market Outlook Given the rigid constraints on raw materials and maintenance plans, the smelter operating rate has dropped significantly, and there are no signs of substantial improvement in the short term. Under the situation of weak supply and demand, the tin price is likely to continue to fluctuate in a high - level range [10].