Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to address "involution" in various sectors, highlighting the importance of policy coordination and market mechanisms [2][6][65] - The recent meeting of the Central Financial Committee outlines a higher-level and broader coverage for the "anti-involution" initiative, focusing on the integration of local governments, enterprises, and residents [2][65] - The article identifies a significant decline in revenue growth for "involution" industries, dropping from 28.5% in 2021 to -0.4% in 2024, while fixed costs remain rigid, leading to a drastic reduction in average net profit growth to -28.2% [20][19][66] Group 2 - "Involution" is primarily manifested through low-price competition, which compresses supply chain costs, with accounts payable turnover decreasing to 4.6% in 2024, down by 1 percentage point from 2021 [26][31][66] - The internal cost-cutting measures in "involution" industries include a significant reduction in sales expenses, projected at -9.7% for 2024, and a decrease in management expenses growth to 2.6% [31][66] - The profitability of "involution" industries remains under pressure, with a return on assets (ROA) of 2.9% in 2024, a decline of 2.7 percentage points from the 2021 peak, which may hinder long-term industry transformation and development [40][66] Group 3 - To resolve the "involution" dilemma, the focus should be on alleviating supply-demand contradictions and promoting the orderly exit of outdated production capacity, while also restructuring demand expansion dynamics [44][50][66] - Structural transformation can be driven by policy guidance, industry self-discipline, and market mechanisms, encouraging innovation and moving away from price competition [50][66] - Addressing structural unemployment during the transformation process by accelerating the development of the service sector is crucial, as recent trends show a decline in employment in key service industries [56][66]

Group 1 - The Central Economic Committee emphasized the need to deepen the construction of a unified national market and promote high-quality development of the marine economy, focusing on legal governance of low-price competition and enhancing market systems [1][2] - The People's Bank of China proposed to strengthen monetary policy adjustments, maintain liquidity, and guide financial institutions to increase credit support for key sectors [4][5] - The State Council issued a plan to improve the credit repair system, aiming to create a better social credit environment and facilitate the normal operation of restructured enterprises [6][7] Group 2 - The State Council meeting highlighted the importance of increasing technological innovation efforts and integrating technological achievements into production, while also improving public service efficiency through digital technology [8][9] - The National People's Congress Finance and Economic Committee reviewed the 2024 central budget draft, identifying issues in budget management and suggesting reforms to enhance fiscal policy effectiveness [11][12]

Group 1 - The article discusses the recent increase in tariffs announced by Trump for 14 countries, effective August 1, which is close to the reciprocal tariffs from early April [1][14] - As of May, the average tariff rate in the U.S. was 7.4%, with specific rates for countries such as China (38.6%), Japan (9.3%), and the UK (6.2%) [2][15] - The U.S. may adopt a strategy of sending tariff increase notifications in batches to exert targeted pressure during negotiations [2][15] Group 2 - Trade negotiations between the U.S. and Japan have reached a stalemate, particularly over issues related to automobile tariffs, while discussions with Mexico are nearing an agreement [3][16] - The EU aims for a limited framework agreement with the U.S., maintaining a 10% baseline tariff but seeking reductions in tariffs on specific products [3][16] - If all tariffs take effect on August 1, the simple average tariff rate for the U.S. on these 14 countries will rise to 29%, only 4 percentage points lower than the initial reciprocal tariff rate of 33% [5][18] Group 3 - Trump's tariff strategy aims to achieve three goals: industrial protection, addressing twin deficits, and leveraging diplomacy, which may create internal contradictions [4][17] - The concept of reciprocal tariffs is viewed as discriminatory, with trade deficit size being a key consideration for determining baseline tariff levels [4][17] - Approximately 100 economies with smaller trade surpluses with the U.S. may face a 10% tariff, while 18 countries could see higher tariffs ranging from 20% to 70% if no agreements are reached [5][17]

Core Viewpoint - The inflation data for June shows a divergence between CPI and PPI, with CPI rising slightly while PPI continues to decline, indicating mixed performance in commodity, core goods, and service prices [2][8][69]. Group 1: Divergence in Commodity Prices - In June, PPI fell by 0.3 percentage points to -3.6% year-on-year, primarily due to falling prices of upstream commodities like coal and steel, while CPI saw a slight increase of 0.1% year-on-year, driven by extreme weather affecting food supply [2][9][69]. - The decline in PPI was influenced by sufficient supply in steel, cement, and coal, which contributed to a 0.4% month-on-month drop, while rising international oil prices provided some support to PPI [2][9][69]. - CPI's increase was supported by a 12.6% rise in platinum jewelry prices, contributing to a 0.8 percentage point increase in the CPI for other goods and services [2][9][69]. Group 2: Core Goods Price Trends - Core goods PPI remains at historical lows, reflecting the impact of tariffs and low capacity utilization in domestic downstream industries, with a slight recovery of 0.4 percentage points to -1% year-on-year [3][21][70]. - The pressure on prices in high-export industries, such as computer communications and electrical machinery, continues, with respective declines of 0.4% and 0.2% [3][21][70]. - Conversely, core goods CPI increased by 0.3 percentage points to 0.6% year-on-year, driven by consumer stimulus policies, with notable price increases in durable goods and household textiles [3][21][70]. Group 3: Service Price Dynamics - Service CPI remained stable at 0.5% year-on-year, with core service CPI also holding steady at 0.8% [4][30][61]. - The virtual rent CPI, which is a significant component of service CPI, showed weakness, with a month-on-month increase of only 0.1%, below the historical average [4][30][61]. - The overall stability in service demand contrasts with the weaker performance of rent prices, indicating ongoing challenges in the housing market [4][30][61]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The combination of policy measures and recovery in domestic demand is expected to alleviate inflationary pressures, although significant downward pressure on commodity prices is anticipated in the second half of the year [4][35][70]. - Factors such as tariff disturbances, low global oil supply, and weakened investment in real estate and manufacturing are likely to constrain commodity prices further [4][35][70]. - The low capacity utilization in downstream sectors, particularly in private enterprises, is expected to hinder PPI recovery, with projections indicating continued weakness in PPI compared to CPI [4][35][70].

文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、李欣越 联系人 | 李欣越 摘要 4月初关税落地以来，美元汇率不升反降。"去美元化"已成为市场共识，关键问题是：弱美元是周期性的 还是趋势性的，美元再度走强的宏观场景有哪些？ 关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 一、近期美元走弱的驱动？更多受降息预期影响，"周期性"因素主导 近期美元再度大幅走弱，引发市场对"去美元化"叙事的密切关注。 截至7月4日，美元指数已跌破97关 口，一度创2022年以来新低；相较5月12日反弹后的阶段性高点，美元贬值幅度高达4.7%。分国别来看， 美元兑发达经济体货币表现更弱，兑新兴市场也多有贬值。 降息预期的快速升温或是近期美元走弱的主要原因。 6月10日以来，联邦基金利率隐含的年内降息次数 由1.8次最高升至2.7次，10Y美债利率随之快速下行23bp，成为美元走弱的主要驱动。降息预期升温是三 方面因素的共振：通胀低于预期、经济弱于预期、联储官员放鸽。 伊以冲突缓和导致"避险"情绪退坡，美元空头回补，进一步加速了美元回落。 1）近期美元走势与油价 高度相关，随着伊以冲突缓和、油价回落，美元也随之走弱；2）市场做空美元力量也在积蓄，截至6月 24日，美元指数非商业 ...

Group 1: Industrial Production - Industrial production remains relatively stable, with a high furnace operating rate holding steady at 0.7% year-on-year [2][5][9] - Chemical production shows signs of recovery, with operating rates for soda ash, PTA, and polyester filament increasing by 1.9 percentage points, 0.4 percentage points, and 0.5 percentage points respectively [2][17] - The automotive sector experiences a significant decline, with the operating rate for semi-steel tires dropping by 7.7 percentage points to 9.0% [2][17] Group 2: Construction Industry - Asphalt production shows marginal improvement, with a year-on-year increase of 2.2 percentage points to 6.8% [2][41] - Cement shipment rates remain low, down 1.8 percentage points to 4.2% year-on-year, indicating weak demand [2][29] - The national grinding operating rate for cement is up 0.6 percentage points to -1.3% year-on-year, but overall demand remains subdued [2][29] Group 3: Demand Trends - Real estate transactions have significantly declined, with average daily transaction area for new homes down 37.8% year-on-year [2][53] - The freight volume related to domestic demand shows a slight increase, while port cargo throughput related to exports has decreased by 3% [2][62] - Travel intensity remains high, with the national migration scale index up 0.3 percentage points to 14.5% year-on-year [2][74] Group 4: Price Trends - Agricultural product prices have generally decreased, with eggs, fruits, vegetables, and pork prices down by 2.2%, 0.8%, 0.5%, and 0.3% respectively [3][104] - Industrial product prices show a slight increase, with the Nanhua Industrial Price Index rising by 0.3% [3][116] - The metal price index increased by 1.8%, while the energy and chemical price index fell by 1% [3][116] Group 5: Transportation and Logistics - Railway freight volume has increased by 0.9 percentage points to 3.3% year-on-year, while port cargo throughput has decreased [2][62] - Domestic flight operations have increased by 1.9% year-on-year, indicating a recovery in travel [2][74] - Container shipping prices have declined, with the CCFI composite index down by 1.9% [2][92]

Group 1 - The phenomenon of "involution" is most pronounced among young people, with average weekly working hours increasing by over 4 hours in the past five years. The average weekly working hours for employees aged 25-34 rose from 46.7 hours in 2018 to 50.8 hours in 2023 [3][28] - The average daily working time in China increased by 21 minutes from 2018 to 2023, reaching 48.3 hours per week, while the time spent on purchasing goods and services dropped from 80 minutes per day to 43 minutes per day [2][9] - The "involution" trend is particularly evident in the manufacturing and productive service sectors, while the real estate and life service sectors have seen a decrease in working hours [2][21] Group 2 - Current policies to combat "involution" focus on encouraging flexible work arrangements and paid leave, but these measures primarily address symptoms rather than the root causes of prolonged working hours [4][35] - The root cause of "involution" is the uneven distribution of employment across industries, with excessive employment in manufacturing leading to "involution" and insufficient employment in the service sector [4][48] - There is a significant employment gap in the life service sector, with a potential to absorb more jobs, as the wage growth in this sector (18.1%) outpaces that of manufacturing (10.7%) [5][61] Group 3 - The long-term direction for combating "involution" involves aligning supply structures with changing demand structures, particularly as consumer demand trends towards services [6][85] - Global experiences indicate that as GDP per capita reaches between $10,000 and $30,000 and urbanization rates hit 70%, the proportion of service consumption in total consumption increases by approximately 0.6% annually [6][86] - The aging population is expected to drive service consumption, with each 1% increase in the aging rate correlating with a 1.3% increase in service consumption share [6][93]

Group 1 - The "Beautiful Bill" Act is expected to expand the total deficit by approximately $4.1 trillion, primarily continuing existing policies rather than introducing new ones [2][6][9] - The Act is projected to provide a mild boost to the U.S. economy, with an average annual increase in real GDP growth of 0.1% from 2025 to 2034, peaking at 0.8% during 2026-2028 [2][22][32] - The Act will negatively impact low-income households, with the lowest 10% of earners expected to see a 3.9% decrease in income due to cuts in medical assistance and SNAP benefits [3][32] Group 2 - Traditional and capital-intensive industries are likely to benefit from the Act, while the renewable energy and electric vehicle sectors may suffer due to reduced subsidies [3][32][55] - The Act includes significant increases in defense spending, with an additional $150 billion allocated, and immigration enforcement spending reaching a historical high of $1.74 trillion [13][16] - The Act's tax cuts are heavily skewed towards higher-income households, with the top 10% expected to see an average income increase of 2.3% [3][32] Group 3 - The liquidity of U.S. Treasuries is expected to remain stable, with manageable supply pressures and a friendly macroeconomic environment, although there may still be upward pressure on term premiums [4][35][45] - The projected federal debt-to-GDP ratio is expected to reach 103% by 2026 and 116% by 2030, but the likelihood of a sovereign debt crisis remains low [5][45][56] - The Act's impact on inflation is anticipated to be minimal, with peak inflation effects projected to be only 0.12% by 2027 [22][32]

Group 1: Major Asset & Overseas Events & Data - The three major US stock indices rose collectively, with the S&P 500 up 1.6% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average up 2.3% [2][3] - The 10-year US Treasury yield increased by 6.0 basis points to 4.4% [2][3] - The US dollar index fell by 0.3% to 96.99, while the offshore RMB appreciated to 7.1701 [2][3] - WTI crude oil rose by 1.5% to $66.5 per barrel, and COMEX gold increased by 1.9% to $3332.5 per ounce [2][3][31] Group 2: Employment Data - The US non-farm payrolls for June exceeded market expectations, with an increase of 147,000 jobs, while the unemployment rate fell to 4.1% [51][52] - The primary driver of job growth was an increase in state and local government employment [51] - The average hourly wage increased by 0.2%, below the market expectation of 0.3% [51] Group 3: Tariff and Trade Risks - The 90-day "tariff suspension" on US imports is set to expire on July 9, raising concerns about potential tariff increases [41][42] - Approximately 20 countries with slow negotiation progress may see the restoration of initial tariff rates unless recognized as "good faith negotiators" [41] - Vietnam is facing a potential 20% tariff on its goods, with a 40% tariff on third-country goods transshipped through Vietnam [41][42] Group 4: Treasury Auction Demand - The demand for US Treasury auctions remained robust, with a bid-to-cover ratio of 3.26 for the 4-week bill, indicating strong interest [44][45] - Indirect bids accounted for 78.6% of the total, marking a recent high [44][45] Group 5: Federal Reserve Insights - Federal Reserve Chair Powell indicated that the impact of tariffs on inflation is expected to manifest in the summer, suggesting that the Fed would have lowered rates sooner without the tariff policies [47][49] - Some Fed officials expressed a cautious stance on interest rate cuts, focusing on short-term inflation impacts [47][49]

Core Insights - The article discusses the need for a long-term mechanism to stimulate consumption, shifting from subsidy-driven approaches to institutional innovation [8] - It highlights the importance of reducing burdens and increasing income for residents to boost marginal consumption tendencies [8] Group 1: Deep Dive Topics - The article emphasizes the transition from subsidies to institutional innovations as a means to create a sustainable consumption stimulus mechanism [8] - It suggests that continuous efforts to reduce financial burdens and enhance income for residents are fundamental to improving consumption [8] Group 2: Hot Topics - The article raises concerns about the potential rise in the U.S. unemployment rate to 4.6%, analyzing the implications of tariffs and the associated risks of economic downturns [11] - It discusses the inflationary effects of tariffs and the upward risks of employment weakening, indicating a need for vigilance in economic policy [11] Group 3: High-Frequency Tracking - The article reports on the Senate's passage of the "Beautiful Act," which is expected to lead to a new round of fiscal easing in the U.S. [13] - It provides a detailed breakdown of the fiscal implications of the act, including various tax cuts and their projected impacts on the budget [14] Group 4: Economic Policy Insights - The second quarter monetary policy committee meeting highlighted the need for continued support for the real estate market and key sectors [15] - The meeting concluded that macroeconomic adjustments should focus on maintaining stable economic growth and reasonable price levels, with an emphasis on flexible monetary policy [15] Group 5: Economic Indicators - The June PMI data indicates a recovery in manufacturing sentiment, although corporate expectations have declined [17] - The article suggests that while the overall economic environment shows improvement, attention should be paid to changes in microeconomic expectations [17] Group 6: International Trade Developments - The article notes that the U.S. has officially signed a trade agreement with China, which may have significant implications for international trade dynamics [19]