文 | 赵伟、屠强 联系人 | 屠强、 耿佩璇 摘要 事件： 6月9日，国家统计局公布5月通胀数据，CPI同比-0.1%、前值-0.1%、预期-0.2%、环比-0.2%；PPI 同比-3.3%、前值-2.7%、预期-3.2%、环比-0.4%。 核心观点：消费需求改善令核心CPI企稳，但供给侧对通胀读数有较大压制。 特征一：核心商品PPI明显回弹，主因需求改善，且关税对价格的冲击尚未进一步加剧。 5月核心商品 PPI同比回升0.3pct至-1.4%，一是提振消费政策效果持续显现，部分消费品需求释放带动相关行业价格回 升；二是关税对价格的冲击趋于缓和，部分出口行业价格的回落幅度并未加大。具体行业看，制鞋业价 格上涨0.8%，计算机整机制造价格上涨0.2%，家用洗衣机、电视机制造、汽车整车制造价格降幅比上月 分别收窄1.6、1.4、0.6pct。 而5月PPI跌破-3%，更多反映大宗商品价格的拖累。 5月PPI同比较前月回落0.6pct至-3.3%。其中国际油 价下行拖累国内油价，测算油价拖累PPI环比-0.1%。同时地产、基建投资走弱，煤炭供应充足，钢、煤 价格也有回落，测算钢、煤价拖累PPI环比-0.3%。而铜 ...

Core Viewpoint - The main contradiction in the US economy for the second half of the year revolves around tariff data, with a short-term focus on the direction of inflation [2]. Tariff Status and Economic Effects - After the May 12 US-China agreement, global trade uncertainty has decreased but remains at historically high levels, with the average US import tariff rate around 16% and China's rate at 27%. The suspension periods for US tariffs on China will end on July 9 and August 12 [2]. - The sectors with the highest US import tariffs as of the end of May include clothing and metals, with slow progress in tariff negotiations with other economies [2]. - The economic effects of tariffs on inflation and growth are expected to manifest over time. A surge in US container bookings indicates a new round of "import grabbing," but this may be hindered by inventory accumulation and weakening domestic demand as tariff suspensions approach [2]. - Tariffs have already begun to exert upward pressure on US inflation, although the effect is not yet significant. A potential inflationary period may occur in Q3 and Q4 [2]. - Indicators such as manufacturing PMI, capital expenditure willingness, and real estate sales suggest weaker private investment, while consumer purchasing intentions have declined despite a temporary boost in household income [2]. - Employment data, including unemployment claims, show signs of deterioration, raising concerns about rising unemployment rates [2]. Dynamic Economic Impact - The impact of tariffs on the economy may shift from "stagflation" to "slowdown," depending on how tariff conflicts evolve. In the next 1-2 quarters, the market may grapple with issues of stagnation versus inflation and whether to expect a slowdown or recession [3]. - By Q4 of this year, if the rate of price increases slows while economic downturns persist, the main contradictions in economic fundamentals, asset classes, and policies may transition from "stagflation" to "slowdown," with the possibility of "recession panic" [3]. Global Trade Predictions - The United Nations has revised its predictions for global trade growth rates, with a forecast of 1.5% growth in trade volume for Q2 2025, driven primarily by industrial production data [4][5]. Sector-Specific Tariff Data - As of May 2025, the highest effective import tariff rates in the US are in the textile and clothing manufacturing sectors, reaching 52.8% and 52.6%, respectively. In contrast, sectors like oil, coal, and chemicals have significantly lower tariff rates [6]. Retail Price Trends - Since March, US retail prices have increased significantly, reflecting retailers' proactive price hikes following tariff impositions. However, prices for goods from Mexico have been declining since April, indicating expectations surrounding tariff negotiations [11][12]. - A survey by the Richmond Fed indicated that 72% of surveyed companies have taken action in response to tariffs, with a majority planning to raise prices [14][15]. Investment Implications - The impact of tariffs on US investment is expected to be more pronounced than on consumer spending, as the proportion of private investment reliant on imports is significantly higher (38%) compared to consumer spending (9%) [16].

Core Viewpoint - The role of "export grabbing" is shifting from emerging markets to the U.S. [3][51] - In May, exports fell year-on-year due to a decline in "export grabbing" and a high base effect from the previous year, with a decrease of 3.3 percentage points to 4.8% [3][51] - Exports to ASEAN and India showed significant declines, indicating a retreat from previous "export grabbing" trends in emerging economies [3][51] Export Analysis - The old clues of "export grabbing" through emerging countries are declining, with midstream manufacturing exports showing a marginal decrease and energy resource exports declining significantly [3][15] - In May, exports of midstream manufacturing and energy resources fell from 7.4% and 1.3% in April to 6.3% and -3.5%, respectively [3][15] - There are emerging signs of "export grabbing" towards the U.S., with specific products like toys and clothing showing recovery in export growth [4][19] Future Outlook - In June, the focus is expected to shift from "export grabbing" in emerging economies to the U.S., with overall export growth likely to receive some support [4][27] - Three indicators suggest continued "export grabbing": positive year-on-year growth in processing trade imports, a surge in container bookings from the U.S., and rising prices for small commodities from Yiwu [4][27] Import Analysis - In May, import growth fell by 3.4% year-on-year, primarily due to a decline in bulk commodity imports [6][54] - Specific imports such as copper, crude oil, and iron ore showed significant declines, reflecting a notable drop in domestic investment demand, particularly in traditional infrastructure [6][54] - Mechanical and electrical product imports saw a slight recovery, increasing by 0.1 percentage points to 5.5% [6][54] Regional Export Trends - Exports to major economies showed a general decline, with exports to the U.S. dropping significantly [5][38] - Exports to non-U.S. developed countries, such as the UK and the EU, saw some recovery, while exports to emerging economies also declined [5][38] - Notably, exports to Africa increased, contrasting with declines in exports to Latin America and ASEAN [5][38]

文 | 赵伟、屠强、耿佩璇 联系人 | 屠强 摘要 事件： 6月9日，国家统计局公布5月通胀数据，CPI同比-0.1%、前值-0.1%、预期-0.2%、环比-0.2%；PPI 同比-3.3%、前值-2.7%、预期-3.2%、环比-0.4%。 核心观点：消费需求改善令核心CPI企稳，但供给侧对通胀读数有较大压制。 特征一：核心商品PPI明显回弹，主因需求改善，且关税对价格的冲击尚未进一步加剧。 5月核心商品 PPI同比回升0.3pct至-1.4%，一是提振消费政策效果持续显现，部分消费品需求释放带动相关行业价格回 升；二是关税对价格的冲击趋于缓和，部分出口行业价格的回落幅度并未加大。具体行业看，制鞋业价 格上涨0.8%，计算机整机制造价格上涨0.2%，家用洗衣机、电视机制造、汽车整车制造价格降幅比上月 分别收窄1.6、1.4、0.6pct。 而5月PPI跌破-3%，更多反映大宗商品价格的拖累。 5月PPI同比较前月回落0.6pct至-3.3%。其中国际油 价下行拖累国内油价，测算油价拖累PPI环比-0.1%。同时地产、基建投资走弱，煤炭供应充足，钢、煤 价格也有回落，测算钢、煤价拖累PPI环比-0.3%。而铜价 ...

沉星月启：产业" 蜕变"vs政策 "革新"。 转型进入"新阶段"，面临的"新问题"。 2022年以来，转型进入"新阶段"，以地产为代表的传统链条对经济的贡献 出现趋势性下行，经济指标表现分化的同时，产业"冰火两重天"的情况常见。转型"新阶段"，压力更集中在终端 需求，导致PPI承压的同时CPI表现更弱，产能过剩领域转至中下游；更多供给转向海外的过程中，外贸板块内卷 更甚。 文 | 赵伟、屠强、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 屠强 摘要 转型新阶段，传统政策框架有效性下降，政策"革新"全面启动。 居、企业和地方政府在经历报表冲击的同时，不 同主体间互相影响、修复过程慢于过往周期。传统宏观调控手段的传导机制异化，政策"革新"必要性上升。2024 年9月底以来，政策框架全面优化启动；总量政策空间打开、结构性政策的针对性增强，新阶段的"供给侧改革"呼 之欲出。 产业"蜕变"已成"星火燎原"之势，居民信心筑底现象已现。 历经十余年，新动能占比已"初具规模"，高技术产业 在工业中占比达16.3%，渐成星火燎原之势；近两年悦己消费、体验消费等新消费形式不断涌出。2025年以来，节 假日居民出行意愿等指标，则显示居民短周期信心的 ...

大类资产&海外事件&数据：中美第二轮贸易谈判将启，美国非农就业强于预期 海外市场多数上涨，美债利率大幅上行。 当周，海外多数上涨，纳指上涨2.2%，仅日经225下跌0.6%。 10Y美债收益率上行10bp至4.51%；美元指数下跌0.2%至99.2，离岸人民币小幅升值。WTI原油大涨6.2% 至64.6美元/桶，COMEX黄金上涨0.6%至3308.2美元/盎司。 中美将启动第二轮贸易谈判。 特朗普6月6日宣布，将于6月9日在伦敦与中方开启第二轮贸易谈判，或重 点讨论协议到期后的关税走廊及调整机制、关键矿产出口恢复等问题。美国谈判代表将包括财政部长贝 森特、商务部长卢特尼克、贸易代表格里尔。 5月美国非农就业强于预期，欧央行6月降息25BP。 美国5月非农新增就业13.9万人，市场预期12.6万人。 失业率维持于4.2%，但数据背后就业市场仍存在走弱迹象；5月美国ISM制造业PMI回落至48.5；欧央行6 月会议降息25BP，拉加德表示降息周期即将结束。 文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、李欣越 联系人 | 李欣越 摘要 风险提示 地缘政治冲突升级；美国经济放缓超预期；美联储超预期转"鹰" 报告正文 二、大类资产&海外事 ...

文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、李欣越 联系人 | 李欣越 摘要 美国财政可持续性问题的发酵、日债收益率快速上行等，对市场也造成了阶段性扰动。 1）4月以来，市 场对美债可持续性问题高度关注，减支不及预期、拍卖需求走弱等，均导致美国"股债汇三杀"。2）受寿 险需求走弱等影响，日债利率大幅上行，也对美债等产生了外溢效应。 （二）5月国内市场的焦点？经济步入新旧结构"转换期"，政策组合拳也开始发力 国内方面，经济正步入"旧力量"退坡、"新力量"蓄势的"转换期"。 经济开局良好，但开始出现修复放缓 迹象。结构上"旧力量"在退坡，消费以旧换新放缓、设备更新周期接近结束、房地产修复速度也放缓。 但"新力量"在蓄势，服务业投资回补，地产供给压力也边际好转。 同时，"一揽子金融政策"新闻发布会提振信心，财政也展现出对经济的有力支撑。 一方面，5月7日，央 行、金监局、证监会联合发布会上超预期降准等政策，或在响应政治局会议部署，政策组合拳开始发 力。另一方面，4月广义财政支出增速升至12.9%，对经济形成有力支撑。 （三）6月宏观聚焦的关键？ 海外关注关税等政策变化的不确定性，国内静待宽财政"续力" 6月，海外市场关注关税政策、减税法 ...

Key Insights - The article discusses the phenomenon of "disappearing" inventory in the U.S. economy, highlighting that despite significant imports, inventory accumulation has not been substantial [5][17] - It also addresses the challenges faced by the unemployment insurance system in better supporting unemployed individuals [6] Group 1: Hot Topics - The U.S. economy is experiencing a significant increase in imports, yet the expected inventory buildup is not occurring, raising questions about the sustainability of this trend [5][17] - The article explores how unemployment insurance can be improved to better protect unemployed groups, drawing on both domestic and international experiences [6] Group 2: High-Frequency Tracking - The May PMI data indicates a deepening divergence between domestic and international demand, with improvements noted in consumer goods and equipment manufacturing sectors [8] - The legal challenges surrounding the legitimacy of Trump's tariffs are highlighted, indicating potential implications for trade policies [12] - The article emphasizes the importance of high-quality cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative, focusing on infrastructure and market integration [14]

Group 1: High-Quality Belt and Road Initiative - The Chinese government aims to discuss a high-quality action plan for the Belt and Road Initiative with ASEAN and GCC countries, focusing on infrastructure, market rules, and payment systems [2][4]. Group 2: Anti-Monopoly and Fair Competition - The State Council's Anti-Monopoly and Anti-Unfair Competition Committee emphasizes the need to enhance fair competition governance and address new challenges in the market [4][5]. Group 3: Modern Enterprise System - The Central Committee and State Council released opinions on improving the modern enterprise system, focusing on income distribution, management compensation, and corporate governance [8][9]. Group 4: Marketization of Resource and Environmental Factors - The government issued opinions to enhance the marketization of carbon emissions and water rights, aiming for a more active trading market by 2027 [11][12]. Group 5: Employment Public Service Model - The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security proposed a precise employment public service model to improve job matching and support for unemployed individuals [14][15]. Group 6: Smart Supply Chain Development - Eight government departments released a plan to accelerate the development of smart supply chains across key sectors, aiming to reduce logistics costs and enhance supply chain integration [16][17].

摘要 就业承压下，失业保障体系或如何更有效地实现"保生活—促培训—助就业"的闭环支持？结合我国失业 保障体系现状及海外部分经济体经验分析，可供参考。 我国失业保障体系现状？失业保险基金主由保险费构成，重点投向生活保障、技能提升 作为支撑失业保障体系运转的专项基金，失业保险基金显著发挥逆周期调节作用。 2024年底以来稳就业 承压下，失业保险基金支出持续提速，一季度累计同比22.4%。从当年结余来看，近年失业保险基金逆周 期作用发挥明显，呈现支出大于收入状态；2023年经济修复下，失业保险基金当年结余才由负转正至322 亿元；2024年累计结余达3342亿元。 失业保险基金收入主由失业保险费构成，支出重点投向失业保险金、技能提升及稳岗返还补贴等领域。 我国失业保险基金收入九成源自雇主与雇员共同缴纳的失业保险费；2018-2023年保险费收入占比达 89.5%。支出重点投向失业人员基本生活保障，如失业保险金、医疗保险费代缴等，2018-2023年两项支 出占比分别为32%、8%。2020年起失业保险基金支出向预防失业领域倾斜，2023稳岗补贴及技能培训补 贴占比达19%。 地方层面看，近年部分地区的失业保险基金收 ...