联系人 | 耿佩璇 摘要 国庆假期期间，海外主要股指多数上涨，金价再度刷新新高；美国政府关门，非农数据推迟发布、高市 早苗或当选日本新首相；国内假期出行节奏有所前移，跨境游、特色游热度延续。 一、全球大类资产：国庆假期前后，权益资产多数上涨，黄金价格再创新高 国庆假期前后（9月29日-10月6日），海外主要股指多数上涨。 美国三大股指延续上涨，标普500、纳指 和道琼斯工业指数分别上涨1.1%、1.3%和1.1%。恒生指数大涨3.9%，日经225上涨0.9%；英国富时100指 数、德国DAX分别上涨2.2%、2.7%。 美债收益率快速回落，美元指数微跌。 债市方面，10Y美债收益率下行7.0bp至4.13%，10Y德债收益率下 行5.0bp至2.71%；汇率方面，利差回落叠加关门风波冲击、美元指数小幅回落0.5%，欧元、英镑、日元 兑美元均有所升值，跌幅分别为0.4%、0.6%、1.4%。 假期前后，油价大幅下跌、金价大幅上涨。 原油方面，在市场对OPEC+国家于11月再度"增产抢份额"的 担忧下，WTI原油、Brent原油分别下跌7.5%、8.3%。而随着美债利率的回落、美国政府关门风波的冲 击， COME ...

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1949 2025 盛世华诞 家国同庆 花 | 好 | 月 | 圆 国 | 泰 | 民 | 安 ...

Core Viewpoints - The economic growth structure is shifting from traditional sectors to new momentum, with significant improvements in new momentum sectors [1][7][73]. Manufacturing Sector - In September, the manufacturing PMI improved to 49.8%, up 0.4 percentage points from the previous month, aligning with seasonal trends [1][7][73]. - The production index reached a six-month high of 51.9%, increasing by 1.1 percentage points, while the new orders index rose only 0.2 percentage points to 49.7% [1][7][73]. - The demand structure shows that new export orders increased more significantly than domestic orders, with new export orders rising by 0.6 percentage points to 47.8% [1][13][73]. - The purchasing volume index rose by 1.2 percentage points to 51.6%, indicating increased procurement activity due to stronger production [1][7][73]. New Momentum Industries - New momentum industries, such as equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing, saw significant PMI improvements, with equipment manufacturing PMI rising by 1.1 percentage points to 51.6% [2][19][74]. - The EPMI for emerging industries increased by 4.6 percentage points to 52.4%, indicating a positive trend in these sectors [2][19][74]. - In contrast, high-energy-consuming industries experienced a decline in PMI, dropping 0.7 percentage points to 47.5%, reflecting ongoing weakness in real estate and infrastructure investments [2][19][74]. Non-Manufacturing Sector - The non-manufacturing PMI fell to the critical point of 50%, with the construction PMI remaining low at 49.3% and the service PMI declining by 0.4 percentage points to 50.1% [2][24][74]. - The service sector, particularly industries related to consumer travel, such as dining and entertainment, saw significant declines in business activity indices [2][24][74]. - Conversely, sectors like postal and financial services maintained high activity indices above 60% [2][24][74]. Future Outlook - Although traditional sectors face downward pressure, new momentum is expected to provide stronger support for the economy, with ongoing monitoring of the effects of new growth policies [3][75]. - The implementation of new growth policies in key industries such as construction and steel is anticipated to mitigate risks associated with real estate and infrastructure downturns [3][75].

Core Viewpoint - The significant rebound in profit growth is largely attributed to low base effects and other short-term factors, while cost pressures remain high [2][11][67] Group 1: Profit and Revenue Analysis - In August, industrial profits increased by 21.9% year-on-year, reaching 20.4%, primarily due to an improvement in operating profit margins [40][68] - The profit margin for industrial enterprises rose by 20.2% month-on-month to 17.5% in August, while the Producer Price Index (PPI) increased by 0.7% to -2.9% [40][68] - Revenue growth for industrial enterprises improved, with a month-on-month increase of 1.2% to 2.3% in August, driven by significant recoveries in sectors like chemical fibers and non-metallic products [49][68] Group 2: Cost and Inventory Insights - The cost pressure for industrial enterprises remains elevated, with an overall cost rate of 85.6%, which is relatively high compared to previous years [27][67] - The actual inventory growth rate slightly rebounded, with nominal inventory decreasing by 0.1% year-on-year to 2.3%, while actual inventory increased by 0.3% to 7.2% [54][68] - Upstream inventory levels are at historical highs, while midstream and downstream inventories are relatively low [54][68] Group 3: Industry-Specific Performance - The beverage and alcohol sector saw a remarkable profit growth of 234.8% year-on-year, significantly contributing to the overall profit increase of industrial enterprises [17][66] - Other sectors such as electric power supply, coal mining, and non-ferrous processing also contributed positively to profit recovery, with respective contributions of 4.9%, 3%, and 2.2% [17][66] - The chemical fiber and non-metallic products sectors experienced substantial revenue growth, with increases of 22.2% and 7.4% respectively [49][68] Group 4: Future Outlook - Recent policies aimed at stabilizing growth in key industries are expected to alleviate cost pressures, with a focus on the effectiveness of these policies in the coming months [4][38] - The ongoing "anti-involution" policies are anticipated to gradually reduce rigid cost pressures, while domestic demand is expected to recover [4][38] - However, attention should be paid to the potential negative impact of rising upstream prices on corporate profitability [4][38]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of macroeconomic research and its continuous evolution, highlighting the team's commitment to providing valuable independent research outcomes for 2025 and beyond [8][10]. Group 1: Macro Investment - The article outlines ten essential readings for macro investment, tracking major asset performances and macro trends since the beginning of the year, including changes in gold, RMB/USD exchange rates, and bond yields [8]. Group 2: Domestic Economy - Six key judgments regarding the domestic economy have been made, addressing areas such as tariff impacts, policy framework shifts, and new economic drivers, which differ from mainstream market expectations [8]. Group 3: 2025 Outlook - The year 2025 is positioned as a pivotal year for the research team, focusing on restructuring research frameworks and systematically presenting research findings, adhering to the principle of providing actionable insights [8]. Group 4: Classic Review - A review of Trump's "big cycle" and the re-evaluation of the dollar exchange rate is presented, discussing global trade imbalances and the U.S. twin deficits, along with potential solutions to these issues [10]. Group 5: Excess Savings - The article discusses the phenomenon of excess savings surpassing 10 trillion, questioning who is contributing to this increase and exploring potential release paths compared to international experiences [12]. Group 6: Interest Rate Trends - The article analyzes the implications of a potential interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve, examining historical patterns of long-term U.S. Treasury yields and the associated market dynamics [16]. Group 7: High-Frequency Tracking - Following the Federal Reserve's September meeting, global stock indices have generally continued to rise, indicating a positive market response to the anticipated interest rate cuts [18].

Core Insights - The article discusses the importance of industrial structure adjustment in China's 14th and upcoming 15th Five-Year Plans, emphasizing the shift from focusing on the ratio of the three industries to prioritizing technological innovation and R&D investment [3][5][28]. Group 1: Industrial Structure Adjustment in Five-Year Plans - Industrial structure adjustment is a crucial component of China's Five-Year Plans, serving as a key means to achieve core objectives [3][16]. - The focus of industrial structure adjustment has evolved from the ratio of the three industries to a greater emphasis on technological innovation and R&D investment [5][28]. - The 14th Five-Year Plan has introduced specific targets for R&D expenditure and digital economy core industries, reflecting a shift towards more refined and precise planning [5][28]. Group 2: Trends in Industrial Structure Adjustment - The direction of industrial structure adjustment has transitioned from emphasizing the three industries' ratios to focusing on technological innovation [5][28]. - The importance of the service sector has increased, with a notable shift from finance and real estate to information technology and production services [6][47]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan is expected to continue supporting technological innovation and address issues such as supply-demand mismatches and "involution" in the manufacturing sector [7][8][22]. Group 3: Key Areas of Focus in the 15th Five-Year Plan - The 15th Five-Year Plan is likely to prioritize emerging industries such as artificial intelligence, marine economy, and commercial aerospace [7][22]. - There is an anticipated increase in the emphasis on service industry development, particularly in enhancing service consumption and trade [8][26]. - The plan may also focus on improving the quality and efficiency of service industries, aligning with the broader economic development goals [8][49].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the shift in focus of the "anti-involution" policy towards regulating local government behavior, contrasting with the previous emphasis on supply-side structural reforms in 2015 [1][8][84] - The recent "anti-involution" competition is characterized by local governments creating policy gaps, blindly launching projects, and setting market barriers, which has led to a significant increase in local government involvement in economic activities [1][15][84] Group 2 - The current "involution" competition involves industries where demand is generally improving or stable, with sectors like electrical machinery showing better revenue and fixed asset growth from 2021 to 2024 compared to 2017 to 2020 [2][84] - The automotive industry has experienced a dramatic regional shift, with traditional production areas declining while new energy vehicle production in provinces like Guangdong and Anhui has surged [22][84] Group 3 - Local governments are under pressure to find new growth drivers due to the downturn in the real estate market, with national commodity housing sales down 39.7% and real estate investment down 27.3% from 2021 to 2024 [3][28][84] - The reliance on land finance has decreased, leading local governments to focus on high-tax industries such as manufacturing and wholesale retail, which accounted for 32% and 14% of total tax revenue in 2021, respectively [3][36][84] Group 4 - The "anti-involution" measures may include short-term central government actions to clean up illegal policies and long-term guidance for local governments to establish correct performance views [4][78][85] - Local governments are competing through tax incentives and other policies to attract industries, resulting in significant disparities in manufacturing tax burdens across provinces, with the overall manufacturing tax burden in 2023 being 17.4% [6][69][84]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the driving forces behind China's export growth, highlighting that exports to emerging economies, particularly in Southeast Asia, India, Africa, and the Middle East, are the main growth engines, while exports to non-US developed economies also provide moderate support [2][4][134]. Group 1: Export Performance Overview - In the first half of 2025, China's overall exports showed a steady increase, with a year-on-year growth of 5.9%. Exports to emerging economies contributed 4.7 percentage points to this growth, while non-US developed countries contributed 1.4 percentage points [9][134]. - The export of electronic devices, machinery, and certain consumer goods (toys, mobile phones, jewelry) performed well during this period [12][134]. Group 2: Emerging Economies vs. Non-US Developed Economies - Exports to emerging economies improved mainly in intermediate goods, with a year-on-year increase of 1.5 percentage points to 9.6%. Intermediate goods contributed 2.4 percentage points to the overall growth, while consumer goods negatively impacted growth by 3.7 percentage points [21][134]. - Exports to non-US developed economies saw a significant year-on-year increase of 5.5 percentage points to 6.7%, primarily driven by consumer goods, which contributed 2.7 percentage points [28][134]. Group 3: Factors Behind Export Growth - The article suggests that approximately 30% of the current export growth may be attributed to "export grabbing," while 70% is due to changes in external demand and market share [4][68][136]. - The increase in US imports, which surged over 30%, is seen as a potential overestimation of "import grabbing," as the growth is largely driven by specific goods rather than a general trend [4][40][136]. Group 4: Future Outlook - The potential for continued export growth remains, as US imports have not yet reached a balance point with demand, indicating room for further increases [76][81]. - Short-term impacts from tariffs on exports to ASEAN countries may lead to a temporary decline, but long-term prospects remain positive due to rising investment demand and urbanization in emerging economies [90][94][120].

市场对"反内卷"重视度明显上升，但对"内卷"的理解却有很大分歧；多数观点以供给侧改革的思维理 解，但差之毫厘、谬以千里；除产量调控与自律约谈外，"反内卷"也有很多"隐藏手段"。 误解"内卷内涵"："反内卷"="反过剩"？ 需求成因不同："过剩"是需求下滑、供给被动过剩，"内卷"是需求强劲领域供给主动增加。 供给侧改革 前，地产基建需求走弱，高耗能行业产能被动过剩；当下外需表现更强，但外需行业固定资产周转率下 滑至历史最低水平（2.6以下），内需行业固定资产周转率虽在下行，但仍处于历史中位数，外需行业比 内需行业更卷；外卖等服务业（非贸易部门）不存在产能过剩问题、但也在内卷。 物价表现不同："过剩"是企业因需求下滑跟随式降价，"内卷"是企业因需求强劲"降价无序竞争"。 供给 侧改革前，地产基建需求走弱，煤炭钢铁等PPI随之明显回落，相关行业制造业投资也下行；当下内卷领 域，盈利偏弱而制造业投资大幅扩张，外需领域投资增速更高（13%）。出口商品价格（同比-5%以下） 甚至低于相同商品内销价格（同比-1%~-2.5%之间），反映主动降价内卷。 供给问题不同：供给侧改革前上中游、国企供给过剩，本轮反内卷是中下游、民企 ...