Group 1: Industrial Production - Industrial production has shown improvement, with blast furnace operating rates increasing by 3.5% week-on-week and 3.5 percentage points year-on-year to 6.2% [2][5] - The chemical production chain has also seen a rebound, with soda ash and PTA operating rates rising by 1.1% and 5.5% respectively, year-on-year changes of 2.7 percentage points to 12.5% and 8.5 percentage points to -6.3% [2][12] - The automotive semi-steel tire operating rate has improved, increasing by 6% week-on-week and 5.8 percentage points year-on-year to 73.5% [12] Group 2: Construction and Infrastructure - Infrastructure construction remains at a high level, with national grinding operating rates and cement shipment rates rising by 4.3% and 1.1% respectively, year-on-year changes of 5.8 percentage points to -5.5% and 1.1 percentage points to -4.4% [2][16] - Asphalt operating rates have slightly decreased by 1.8% week-on-week but remain at a high level year-on-year at 12.4% [2][22] Group 3: Real Estate and Demand - Real estate transactions have improved, with the average daily transaction area of new homes rising by 9.6 percentage points year-on-year to 6.3%, particularly in first and second-tier cities [2][25] - Port cargo throughput related to exports has shown strong performance, with year-on-year increases of 3% to 7.2% and 7.8% to 13.4% for cargo and container throughput respectively [2][32] Group 4: Price Trends - Agricultural product prices have rebounded, with prices for eggs, vegetables, and pork increasing by 1.3%, 0.8%, and 0.3% respectively [3][57] - Industrial product prices are showing divergence, with the Nanhua Industrial Price Index increasing by 0.1% week-on-week, while energy and chemical prices decreased by 0.2% and metal prices increased by 0.3% [3][63]

事件： 8月，社零当月同比3.4%、预期3.8%、前值3.7%；固定资产投资累计同比0.5%、前值1.6%；房地 产开发投资累计同比-12.9%、预期-12.4%、前值-12%；新建商品房销售面积累计同比-4.7%、前值-4%； 工业增加值当月同比5.2%、预期5.8%、前值5.7%。 总结：反内卷对国内供需的影响开始显现，但外需有望继续贡献经济韧性，预计下半年经济下行压力相 对可控。 9月经济继续呈现内需偏弱、外需偏强的格局。展望后续，外需压力或相对可控，内需压力更 值得关注，包括"反内卷"对生产与投资的影响，以及前期地产新开工项目持续收缩对投资的滞后影响， 后续紧密跟踪增量政策变化。 常规跟踪：8月工业生产走弱，投资、消费均延续回落 生产：工业生产走弱，服务业生产维持高位。 8月，工业增加值当月同比较7月下行0.5pct至5.2%，其中 制造业生产降幅较大。服务业生产指数当月同比下行0.2pct至5.6%。 投资：固定资产投资进一步下探，地产投资降幅较大。 8月，固定资产投资回落1pct至-6.3%；其中，狭 义基建、制造业、地产投资分别回落0.5、0.8、0.9pct。 消费：社零增速有所下行，结构上商 ...

关注、加星，第 时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 贾东旭 摘要 事件： 9月12日，央行公布2025年8月中国金融数据，信贷余额同比下降0.1个百分点至6.8%，社融存量同 比下行0.2个百分点至8.8%，M1同比上行0.4个百分点至6.0%。 核心观点："存款搬家"提速。 8月金融数据中最明显的变化体现为"存款搬家"，居民存款连续两个月超季节性下行，以及非银存款的再 度多增。 7、8月居民存款连续两个月低于季节性增幅，为2025年首次。另外，8月非银存款新增11800 亿，连续创有数据以来同期新高。居民存款和非银存款连续两个月呈"跷跷板"关系，和资本市场表现联 系紧密，反映居民资产结构变化初露端倪。 居民贷款仍偏弱，在就业市场尚不稳定的阶段，居民部门对债务秉持审慎态度。 居民贷款同比少增1597 亿，这一情况和处于低位的消费者信心指数一致。另一方面，消费贷贴息政策在9月份才启动，8月数据 尚未体现。居民贷款增长的不确定性或与当前居民就业前景有关，BCI中的企业招工前瞻指数2025年8月 为44.07，续创2020年3月以来新低。 8月企业贷款中，中长贷余额同比增速下滑趋势放缓，企业对 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implications of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the recent shifts in the U.S. labor market, highlighting potential investment opportunities and risks in the current economic landscape [8][12][24]. Deep Dive Topic - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes industrial restructuring and the signals from central authorities regarding adjustments in industrial structure, aiming to understand the pathways from the previous five-year plan and how the new plan will be implemented [8]. Hot Topics - The U.S. non-farm payroll data for August showed a cooling trend, leading the market to shift from "rate cut trading" to "recession trading." The employment market's weakness raises questions about the extent of potential rate cuts by the Federal Reserve [12]. - A recent surge in overseas risk-free interest rates has triggered a sell-off in global sovereign bonds, prompting discussions on the reasons and sustainability of this market behavior [12][24]. - The article critiques the misconception that the decline in exports is due to a "rush to export," asserting that the August trade data reflects broader economic conditions rather than a simple market reaction [17]. High-Frequency Tracking - The analysis of August's CPI indicates that core inflation is no longer the primary concern for the Federal Reserve, with limited transmission of tariffs on goods inflation and a weakening trend in super-core service inflation [21]. - The commentary on commodity price increases suggests that while upstream price hikes have positively impacted PPI, low capacity utilization in downstream sectors continues to exert downward pressure on PPI [18].

Overview - The August CPI in the US was in line with market expectations, showing a year-on-year increase of 2.9% and a month-on-month increase of 0.4%, while the core CPI also matched expectations at 3.1% year-on-year and 0.3% month-on-month [1][5][6] - Despite the overall CPI meeting expectations, the underlying structure indicates limited inflationary pressure, particularly from tariff-related goods and a weakening in super core service inflation [1][4][6] Structure - The core goods CPI increased by 0.3% month-on-month in August, up from 0.2% in July, driven mainly by new and used cars and clothing, while other categories like washing machines and medical goods showed weakness [2][21] - Core service inflation saw a slight increase in rent, but super core services weakened, correlating with a slowdown in job growth in relevant sectors. The core services CPI rose by 0.3% month-on-month, down from 0.4% in July, primarily affected by non-rent services [2][27] Outlook - The outlook suggests that US inflation may exhibit a "slower and longer" trend, with tariffs and low willingness to pass on costs limiting goods inflation. Bloomberg forecasts the CPI to remain around 3.0% for the next three quarters [3][38] - The probability of the Federal Reserve implementing three rate cuts within the year has increased, driven by limited inflationary pressure and higher-than-expected initial jobless claims. The market has adjusted expectations for rate cuts from 2.7 to 2.9 times for the year [3][38]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the importance of industrial structure adjustment in China's 14th and upcoming 15th Five-Year Plans, emphasizing a shift from focusing on the ratio of the three industries to prioritizing technological innovation and R&D investment [3][5][28]. Summary by Sections 1. Importance of Industrial Structure Adjustment - Industrial structure adjustment is a crucial component of China's Five-Year Plans, serving as a key means to achieve core objectives [3][16]. - The 13th and 14th Five-Year Plans have set clear quantitative targets for industrial structure adjustments, focusing on advanced manufacturing and R&D investment [3][5]. 2. Evolution of Industrial Structure Adjustment - The focus of industrial structure adjustment has shifted from the ratio of the three industries to emphasizing technological innovation [5][28]. - The importance of service industry value-added ratios has diminished, while R&D expenditure has become a central indicator [5][28]. - The 14th Five-Year Plan introduced a target for the digital economy's core industries, reflecting a more refined approach to planning [5][28]. 3. Directions for the 15th Five-Year Plan - The primary direction for industrial structure adjustment during the 15th Five-Year Plan is transformation and upgrading, with a focus on technological innovation [7][22]. - Emerging industries such as marine economy, artificial intelligence, and smart vehicles are expected to receive significant attention [7][22]. - The need to address supply-demand mismatches and implement "anti-involution" policies is highlighted as a critical aspect of the upcoming plan [7][8]. 4. Service Industry Focus - The service industry's development is essential for addressing structural unemployment during the transition process and aligns with the requirements of the new era of China's economy [8][47]. - The emphasis has shifted from finance and real estate to information technology, with a growing focus on enhancing the competitiveness of the service sector [6][47]. - The 15th Five-Year Plan is likely to increase the openness of the service industry to stimulate service consumption and trade [8][49]. 5. Manufacturing Sector Changes - The requirements for the manufacturing sector have evolved from focusing on quantity to quality, with an emphasis on high-tech industries [5][30][40]. - The contribution of high-tech industries to economic growth has become increasingly significant, with average growth rates surpassing those of traditional industries [32][44]. 6. Policy Implications - The article outlines that the strategic focus of the Five-Year Plans reflects a broader shift in policy priorities, emphasizing innovation, structural adjustment, and high-quality development [11][13][40]. - The integration of technological advancements into traditional industries is seen as a pathway to enhance competitiveness and sustainability [5][40].

Core Viewpoints - The upstream price increase has a positive contribution to PPI month-on-month, but the low capacity utilization in the mid and downstream sectors continues to drag down PPI significantly [2][10][70] - In August, PPI showed marginal improvement, primarily driven by a notable rebound in commodity prices, with PPI month-on-month remaining at 0% [2][10][70] - The overall PPI month-on-month is 0%, mainly due to low capacity utilization in the mid and downstream sectors, which prevents the full transmission of upstream price increases [2][10][70] PPI Analysis - In August, coal and steel prices continued to rise, with coal mining (2.8%), black mining (2.1%), and black rolling (1.9%) showing month-on-month increases [2][10][70] - The international oil price decline negatively impacted domestic oil prices, with copper prices also contributing negatively to PPI [2][10][70] - The mid and downstream sectors are experiencing significant price reductions, with PPI declines in food and automotive sectors both at -0.3% [2][10][70] CPI Analysis - In August, CPI year-on-year dropped to -0.4%, influenced by a high base and weak food prices, with food CPI down 4.3% [3][23][50] - The core CPI continues to expand, with core goods CPI rising 0.1 percentage points to 0.9%, driven by high gold prices and demand from the third batch of national subsidies [3][29][71] - Core service CPI increased slightly, supported by summer travel and medical service reforms, while rental CPI remains weak due to high youth unemployment [4][33][62] Future Outlook - Commodity prices may continue to rise, but the oversupply in the mid and downstream sectors may constrain the transmission of upstream price increases, leading to weak inflation throughout the year [4][41][72] - It is expected that by the end of the year, PPI year-on-year may recover to a maximum of -2.1% [4][41][72] - CPI is anticipated to remain negative in the third quarter, with a potential turnaround in the fourth quarter due to ongoing policies supporting service consumption and demand recovery [4][41][72]

摘要 事件： 9月8日，海关总署公布8月进出口数据，出口（以美元计价）同比4.4%、预期5.9%、前值7.2%；进口（以美元计价）同比1.3%、预期3.3%、前值 4.1%。 核心观点：8月出口回落并非源于"抢出口"退坡 8月出口同比回落或并非源于"抢出口"效应退坡，而是受基数走高与关税影响，但出口环比并不弱、与领先指标拟合结果基本一致。 8月，出口同比（美元计 价）较7月回落2.8pct至4.4%，但环比增速0.1%、基本符合季节性（0.3%）。从高频数据看，8月港口外贸货运量同比也较前月回落5pct至4.3%，但环比仍呈现 韧性；与出口走势较为匹配。 对发达经济体出口回落主要受关税影响，但对非美发达经济体出口仍强、也难由"抢出口"解释。 8月对发达经济体出口回落3.8pct至-8.1%，对美出口下行构 成主要拖累（-11.5pct至-33%），反映关税效应逐步显现；对欧盟（+1.2pct至10.5%）出口继续回升。分商品看，前期对欧洲出口较多的商品本月继续改善； 譬如手机（+2.9pct至-18.9%）出口上行，汽车出口保持高增（17.3%）。 越南"转口关税"落地后我国对新兴市场出口仍强，"抢出口"也难 ...

Group 1 - Recent adjustments in the sovereign debt markets of Europe and Japan have led to a global financial market risk-off sentiment, driven by political instability and rising expectations for fiscal easing [2][3][33] - The rise in long-term bond yields is primarily attributed to the rebound in inflation and the increase in medium- to long-term inflation expectations, with core CPI in major Western economies returning to the "3 era" [2][3][42] - The European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of Japan (BOJ) are marginally tightening their monetary policies, contributing to the rise in bond yields, while the Federal Reserve is still in a rate-cutting phase [3][53] Group 2 - The U.S. monetary market is undergoing a "stress test" due to the Federal Reserve's balance sheet reduction, the rebuilding of the Treasury General Account (TGA), and seasonal tax payments, raising concerns about a potential repeat of the 2019 repo crisis [4][58][61] - The liquidity environment in the U.S. monetary market is somewhat similar to that of September 2019, but the risk of a repeat crisis is considered manageable due to the gradual nature of the Fed's balance sheet reduction and the overall liquidity remaining ample [4][65][69] Group 3 - The risk of a "Treasury tantrum" in the U.S. is currently deemed controllable, with several factors supporting stability in the bond market, including the passage of the "Big and Beautiful Act" and improved fiscal conditions [4][78][79] - Long-term U.S. Treasury yields are expected to trend upward, driven by rising term premiums and a return to a "fiscal dominance" paradigm, with the frequency of simultaneous declines in stocks, bonds, and currencies likely to increase [5][83][84]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights that the U.S. non-farm payroll data for August significantly underperformed expectations, with only 22,000 jobs added compared to the forecast of 75,000, and the unemployment rate rising to a new high of 4.3% [1][6][8] - The employment situation across most sectors has deteriorated, particularly in cyclical industries, which saw a reduction of 48,000 jobs, a decline that expanded by 26,000 from the previous month [1][6][10] - The private sector added only 38,000 jobs in August, which is also below expectations, while the government sector saw a decrease of 16,000 jobs [1][6][10] Group 2 - The labor market is currently characterized by a fragile balance of weak supply and demand, with the unemployment rate expected to continue rising slightly [2][14][23] - The credibility of the August non-farm data is questioned due to a low response rate of 56.7%, the lowest in recent years, and historical trends suggest that these figures may be revised upwards in subsequent months [2][14][20] - Leading indicators, such as small business hiring plans and unemployment claims, suggest that the labor market still possesses some resilience, indicating that a significant deterioration is not imminent [2][14][23] Group 3 - Following the release of the non-farm data, market sentiment shifted from "rate cut trading" to "recession trading," with expectations for a 50 basis point rate cut in September rising to 11% [3][6][14] - The market anticipates two rate cuts by the end of the year, although the likelihood of three cuts hinges on the unemployment rate reaching 4.6% or higher, which remains a low probability scenario [3][6][14] - The current equilibrium level of job additions in the U.S. labor market is projected to fall to between 30,000 and 80,000 jobs per month, with the unemployment rate likely to rise if job additions remain at the low level of 22,000 [2][23][32]