Key Points - The article discusses the recent economic events, including the Bank of Japan's interest rate hike and weaker-than-expected U.S. non-farm payroll and CPI data [2][70][76] - The Japanese government has approved a significant economic stimulus package amounting to 18.3 trillion yen (approximately $118 billion), marking a 31% increase from the previous year's budget [64] - The U.S. unemployment rate rose to 4.6% in November, with non-farm payrolls adding 64,000 jobs, which was above market expectations [74] - The U.S. CPI for November was reported at 2.7% year-on-year, significantly below market expectations, influenced by data quality issues due to the government shutdown [76] Group 1: Major Assets & Overseas Events & Data - The Japanese yen depreciated rapidly, while COMEX silver saw a significant increase [3] - Developed market indices showed mixed performance, with the UK FTSE 100 and France's CAC40 rising by 2.6% and 1.0%, respectively, while the Nikkei 225 and Hang Seng Index fell by 2.6% and 1.1% [3] - The S&P 500 and NASDAQ indices increased by 0.1% and 0.5%, respectively, while the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield decreased by 3.0 basis points to 4.16% [2][3] Group 2: Employment Data - The U.S. non-farm payrolls added 64,000 jobs in November, exceeding the market expectation of 50,000, while the unemployment rate increased from 4.4% to 4.6% [74] - The labor force participation rate was reported at 62.5%, slightly above the expected 62.4% [74] Group 3: Inflation Data - The U.S. CPI for November was reported at 2.7% year-on-year, with core CPI at 2.6%, both significantly lower than market expectations [76] - The data collection for CPI was affected by the government shutdown, leading to potential distortions in the reported figures [76]

赵伟 申万宏源证券首席经济学家 以下文章来源于中国宏观经济论坛 CMF ，作者赵伟 中国宏观经济论坛 CMF . 创立于2006年，由中国人民大学国发院、经济学院、中诚信国际信用评级有限公司联合主办。依托人大 经济学一级学科排名全国第一的优秀研究力量，诚邀社会知名专家，集中从事中国宏观经济动态和重大 经济问题研究，定期发布分析与预测报告。 以下观点整理自赵伟在 CMF 宏观经济月度数据分析会（ 2025 年 12 月）（总第 81 期） 上的发言 本文字数：4186字 阅读时间：13分钟 我将从三个维度进行探讨：第一，2025年经济运行中值得提示的转折性变化； 第二，近期部分指标下滑的原因；第三，基于"宏微观温差"视角的政策建议。 一、2025年经济运行的四大转折性变化 在我看来，2025年经济运行包含三到四个关键的转折性变化，主要体现在以下 方面： 第一，疫后"疤痕效应"的影响明显弱化。 可以将出行人流数据作为衡量经济活 动"量"维度的刻画，可以发现今年的表现明显好过过去几年同期；将核心商品 CPI和PPI视为"价"的维度，可以看到今年以来PPI和CPI走势开始出现背离，尽 管核心PPI仍处于底部徘徊状态， ...

关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 |申万宏源·宏观团队 联系人| 耿佩璇 重点推介 "存款搬家"：市场误解了什么？ 误解一：可能低估超额储蓄；"存款搬家"不只是存款 市场关于"超额储蓄"的讨论多关注定期存款、忽视了理财资金规模。基于存款计算的超额储蓄少于4万亿，但考 虑各类资金后全口径超额储蓄接近10万亿，市场算法或低估入市资金。 误解二：可能低估入市速度；非银存款无法准确跟踪"搬家" "非银存款"常被跟踪"搬家"规模，但该指标包括同业业务扰动。"非银净负债"可剔除上述扰动，"9.24"以来其出 现两轮高增，或预示居民出现两轮"存款搬家"，今年下半年更明显。 误解三：可能低估投资属性；超额储蓄主体对资产价格敏感度较高 2021年来居民超额储蓄过度配置固收类资产，但后者超额收益明显下行，较难满足房价下行加快背景下居民的 再投资意愿。2026年伴随名义GDP逐步修复，资金"再平衡"过程或得以延续。 周度研究成果汇总 （12.13-12.19） 首经观点 1、 首经观点 | 赵伟：非典型复苏将至，"资金再平衡"重塑A股价值 热点思考 高频跟踪 电话会议 1、"周见系列" 第61期: 《流动性 "顺风"》 2、"洞 ...

Southern Forur Finance and Economics 财经论 万 ES 证券业年会 暨2025年21世纪金牌分析师发布典礼 新时期 新周期 新动能 2025年12月6日 · 广州南方财经大厦 赵 伟 申万宏源证券 首席经济学家 技术革命不可逆,中国庞大的市场支撑多 提要： 文 | 赵伟 来源 | 21世纪经济 "技术革命不可逆，中国庞大的市场支撑多轮试错，形成完整产业链与供应链，外部波动难以动摇本土创 新进程。 "在南方财经论坛2025年会证券业分论坛上，申万宏源证券首席经济学家赵伟如是表示。 12月5日至6日，以"共识的力量——创新涌动，中国资产重估"为主题的南方财经论坛2025年会在广州召 开。 作为圆桌对话的重要嘉宾，赵伟围绕"十五五"开局之年的经济与市场前景分享了独到见解。 赵伟首先分析了2026年经济走势特征。 他认为， 2026年将进入"非典型复苏"阶段，体现为"量稳价 升"——价格从螺旋下行转向温和修复，带动企业盈利回暖与微观信心改善。同时，结构性分化将持续， 不同经济部门受政策支持力度差异显著，修复或呈现非均衡特征。 正文 针对当前热议的A股价值重估话题，赵伟提出了创新观点 ...

文 | 赵伟、贾东旭、侯倩楠 联系人 | 侯倩楠 常规跟踪：广义财政收支分化，支出降幅大幅收窄，收入增速延续下滑 一般财政收入回落，拖累广义财政收入增速下滑。 2025年11月广义财政收入同比-5.2%，较10月同比下降4.6个百分点；其中，政府性基金收入同比- 15.8%， 较10月降幅收窄2.6个百分点；一般财政收入同比-0.02%，较10月下降近3.2个百分点。从预算完成度看，2025年11月广义财政收入预算完成7%，与2024年同 期的7.1%以及过去五年平均的7%基本持平。 一般财政支出及政府性基金支出加快，推动广义财政支出降幅收窄。 2025年11月，广义财政支出同比-1.7%，较10月降幅收窄17.5个百分点；一般财政支出同 比-3.7 %，较10月降幅收窄超6个百分点；政府性基金支出同比达2.8 %，较10月支出增速提升41个百分点。2025年11月广义财政支出预算完成8%，低于过去 五年平均支出进度8.4%。 摘要 事件： 12月17日，财政部公布2025年前11月财政收支情况。 前11月，全国一般公共预算收入200516亿元，同比增长0.8%；全国一般公共预算支出248538亿 元，同比增 ...

Overview - The unemployment rate in the US rose to 4.6% in November, exceeding market expectations, while non-farm payrolls showed a slight increase of 64,000 jobs, against a forecast of 50,000 [1][6][10] - The labor participation rate increased to 62.5%, slightly above the expected 62.4% [1][6] Structure - The rise in the unemployment rate to 4.6% reflects temporary layoffs and improvements in labor supply, with the government’s "deferred resignation" plan contributing to job losses in October [2][20] - The unemployment rate is close to triggering the "Sam Rule," with the critical point being 4.7% [2][27] - The credibility of the November unemployment data is questioned due to a low response rate of 64% in household surveys [2][27] Outlook - The probability of the Federal Reserve lowering interest rates in January 2026 is uncertain and will depend on December's economic data [3][35] - Short-term demand remains weak due to tariff impacts, government shutdowns, and AI effects, but labor supply may contract further, leading to a gradual rebalancing of the job market by 2026 [3][32] - The Federal Reserve's confidence may be bolstered by stronger-than-expected retail sales data, which could influence their decision on interest rates [3][35]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the ongoing weakness in industrial production and real estate transactions in China, with various sectors showing signs of decline or stagnation in activity levels. Group 1: Industrial Production - Industrial production continues to show weakness, with a notable decline in the operating rates of blast furnaces [4][5] - The weekly apparent consumption of five major steel products has also decreased [5] - In the petrochemical sector, there is a marginal improvement in operating rates for certain products, while downstream consumption remains relatively weak [8][12] Group 2: Construction Industry - The cement industry shows stable production and a slight increase in prices, with the national grinding operating rate remaining steady [15][19] - Cement shipment rates have slightly declined, and the inventory ratio continues to decrease [15][20] Group 3: Real Estate Market - The national average daily transaction area for commercial housing remains low, with significant declines in transactions across different city tiers [29][31] - The transaction volume in first, second, and third-tier cities has shown varying degrees of weakness [29][31] Group 4: Demand and Consumption - Freight volumes have decreased, but port cargo throughput remains higher than the same period last year [34] - Passenger traffic remains high, with flight operations slightly above last year's levels [38] - Movie attendance and box office revenues are significantly higher than in previous years, while automobile sales have seen a decline [42][45] Group 5: Price Trends - Agricultural product prices have generally increased, with notable rises in fruits, vegetables, and eggs, while pork prices have slightly decreased [55][58] - Industrial product prices have shown a significant decline, particularly in energy and chemical sectors [60][62]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the market has misunderstood the concept of "deposit migration," highlighting three main misconceptions regarding excess savings, the speed of market entry, and the investment attributes of excess savings [2][9]. Group 1: Misunderstanding Excess Savings - The discussion around "deposit migration" often equates a decrease in deposits with an increase in market investments, overlooking the role of wealth management products [3][10]. - The constructed comprehensive savings indicator shows that excess savings are significantly larger than excess deposits, with current excess savings estimated at over 9.4 trillion yuan, reflecting a 29.8% savings rate, the highest in 15 years [3][26]. - Historical analysis indicates that potential market entry from excess savings could exceed one trillion yuan, with past bull markets showing substantial amounts of savings entering the stock market [4][31]. Group 2: Underestimating Market Entry Speed - The reliance on "non-bank deposits" to track migration is flawed, as it includes interbank business disturbances, leading to an underestimation of the speed at which residents are entering the market [5][34]. - The "non-bank net liabilities" metric provides a more accurate reflection of market entry, showing significant increases since September 2024, suggesting a potential addition of 8,000 billion yuan to securities trading margin [5][37]. - Auxiliary indicators, such as margin deposits and financing balances, indicate a notable "deposit migration" phenomenon, with significant increases in both metrics since mid-2024 [6][41]. Group 3: Investment Sensitivity of Excess Savings - Unlike overseas experiences, excess savings in China since 2021 have shown a stronger investment characteristic, primarily influenced by changes in asset allocation rather than direct consumption support [7][49]. - The reduction in housing expenditures has been a major contributor to excess savings, with a significant decline in housing consumption from 7.7 trillion yuan in 2021 to 3.1 trillion yuan by 2025 [7][53]. - The current environment of declining fixed-income asset yields is pushing residents to seek new investment opportunities, indicating a potential shift in asset allocation behavior [7][63].

Core Viewpoint - Economic differentiation reveals clues about policy transformation, as "old indicators" overlook "new changes" in the economy [2][4][89] Consumption - Consumption policies are shifting from goods to services, leading to a decline in social retail sales while service retail shows strength. The social retail sales growth fell to 1.3%, driven by a decline in retail growth for goods such as home appliances and automobiles [2][8][68] - Service consumption remains positive, with total service retail sales increasing by 5.4% year-on-year, despite a slight decline in restaurant income [2][4][8] Real Estate - Real estate financing weakened due to credit risks from certain property companies, causing a significant drop in investment. In November, self-raised funds for property companies decreased, leading to a 25.3% decline in credit financing growth [2][12][63] - Real estate investment growth fell to -29.9%, with new construction and completion rates also showing significant negative growth [2][12][63] Investment - Recent policy measures have alleviated the "crowding out effect" of debt repayment on investment, with fixed asset investment showing a month-on-month rebound of 2.1% to -10.1% [3][22][88] - Infrastructure investment improved by 2.9% to -6.7%, while manufacturing and service sector investments also saw slight recoveries [3][22][88] Production - Industrial production maintained resilience, with industrial value-added growth stabilizing at 4.8%. The easing of workday effects and previous high inventory levels contributed to this stability [3][33][42] - Certain downstream industries, such as food and textiles, experienced significant production growth, while the automotive sector saw a decline [3][33][42] Summary - The economic structure is increasingly differentiated during the policy transformation process, but the positive effects of policies on the economy are becoming evident. Consumption policies are transitioning towards services, and while indicators for goods consumption are declining, service retail growth is rising [4][89][90] - Investment policies are focusing on "new investment" areas, with signs of improvement in new infrastructure and service sector investments, despite ongoing challenges in the real estate sector [4][89][90]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve's December FOMC meeting was dovish, with a 25 basis point rate cut and a restart of asset purchases, indicating a cautious approach to monetary policy [2][69][73] - The Eurozone's fiscal stance for 2026 is projected to remain neutral, with a deficit rate of 3.2% in 2025 and 3.3% in 2026, alongside a slight increase in government debt from 88.8% to 89.8% [63][64] - The U.S. job market remains resilient, with October JOLT job openings at 7.67 million, exceeding market expectations of 7.12 million [73] Group 2 - Developed market stock indices showed mixed performance, with the S&P 500 down 0.6% and the Nasdaq down 1.6%, while emerging markets generally saw gains [3][8] - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield rose by 5.0 basis points to 4.19%, reflecting a trend of increasing yields across developed nations [17][23] - Commodity prices mostly declined, with WTI crude oil down 4.4% to $57.4 per barrel and COMEX gold up 2.5% to $4,302.7 per ounce [45][51] Group 3 - The dollar index fell by 0.6% to 98.40, while the offshore yuan appreciated to 7.0535 against the dollar [29][39] - The Eurozone's defense spending exemption is expected to increase government expenditures, contributing to the overall fiscal dynamics [63] - The U.S. economy is projected to grow at a rate of 3.6% in the third quarter, indicating stability despite rising initial jobless claims [75]