行业研究 数字人民币走向存款货币时代，金融 IT 和支付公司有望受益 2025 年 12 月 30 日 ——数字人民币行业动态点评 要点 事件：12 月 29 日，中国人民银行副行长陆磊发表《守正创新 稳步发展数字人 民币》文章。文章提到，中国人民银行出台了《关于进一步加强数字人民币管理 服务体系和相关金融基础设施建设的行动方案》，新一代数字人民币计量框架、 管理体系、运行机制和生态体系将于 2026 年 1 月 1 日正式启动实施，标志着数 字人民币由现金型 1.0 版进入存款货币型数字人民币 2.0 版，升级为具备信用创 造和资产属性的金融基础设施，从而激活了整个金融体系的积极性，为大规模应 用和生态繁荣奠定了基石。 数字人民币以央行为主导，依托商业性金融机构和现有支付体系，在全球率先试 验成功"中央银行-商业机构"双层运营架构，形成中国特色数字货币发展道路： 当前，境内和跨境数字人民币试验推广取得积极成效，在各国央行试验推进的项 目中，数字人民币处于领跑态势。截至 2025 年 11 月末，数字人民币累计处理 交易 34.8 亿笔，累计交易金额 16.7 万亿元。通过数字人民币 APP 开立个人钱 包 ...

- The provided content does not include any specific quantitative models or factors, nor their construction methodologies, processes, evaluations, or test results. The documents primarily focus on market performance, fund issuance, fund performance tracking, ETF market trends, and ESG financial products, without delving into quantitative models or factors. [1][2][3]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company [5][3]. Core Insights - The semiconductor equipment sales continue to grow, driven by AI demand, leading to a recovery in the backend equipment market. The market for semiconductor testing equipment is expected to reach $11.2 billion by 2025, with a year-on-year growth of 48.1% [1]. - The company achieved revenue of 3.779 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 49.05%, and a net profit of 865 million yuan, up 142.14% year-on-year [2]. - The company is focusing on high-end applications and has made significant progress in domestic product performance, which is expected to drive market share growth through import substitution [3]. Financial Performance - For the first half of 2025, the company reported revenue of 1.250 billion yuan from testing machines and 709 million yuan from sorting machines, representing year-on-year growth of 34.30% and 50.36%, respectively [2]. - The gross margin for the first three quarters of 2025 was 54.48%, a decrease of 1.58 percentage points year-on-year, while the net profit margin increased by 8.05 percentage points to 22.96% [2]. - The company has optimized its expense management, with sales, management, and R&D expense ratios decreasing by 1.16, 0.92, and 7.72 percentage points, respectively [2]. Profit Forecast and Valuation - The company is expected to continue expanding in the high-end market, with revised net profit forecasts for 2025 and 2026 at 1.068 billion yuan and 1.418 billion yuan, respectively, reflecting increases of 46% and 43% [3]. - The report also introduces a new net profit forecast for 2027 at 1.722 billion yuan [3].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a rating of "Accumulate" for the company [6] Core Viewpoints - The company has successfully entered the optical lens market with its COC product, which has passed customer verification tests and received bulk orders, indicating a significant growth opportunity [1][2] - The COC product is a thermoplastic optical-grade material with high transparency, good temperature resistance, excellent processing performance, and low water permeability, making it suitable for high-end applications [2] - The company has resolved batch stability issues during the trial production phase of its COC product, paving the way for formal production and subsequent volume growth [2] - New projects are entering trial production, including a special high-heat-resistant resin production line and a project for optical materials, which will enhance the company's product line and improve cost efficiency [3] - The company expects to see improved profitability as new projects and products ramp up production, despite a downward revision of profit forecasts for 2025-2027 due to low prices of polyetheramine products [4] Financial Summary - The company forecasts revenues of 537 million yuan in 2023, decreasing to 466 million yuan in 2024, and then stabilizing around 463 million yuan in 2025, with a projected increase to 638 million yuan in 2026 and 894 million yuan in 2027 [5][10] - The net profit attributable to the parent company is expected to be 24 million yuan in 2023, with a loss of 20 million yuan in 2024, followed by a recovery to 7 million yuan in 2025, and significant growth to 57 million yuan in 2026 and 143 million yuan in 2027 [5][10] - The company's earnings per share (EPS) is projected to be 0.27 yuan in 2023, turning negative in 2024, and then recovering to 0.07 yuan in 2025, with further increases to 0.58 yuan in 2026 and 1.46 yuan in 2027 [5][10] - The return on equity (ROE) is expected to improve from 3.14% in 2023 to 12.34% in 2027, reflecting enhanced profitability as new projects come online [12]

Overall Research - In December, A-shares showed a general increase, with the ChiNext Index rising by 6.3% and the Sci-Tech 50 Index increasing by 1.4%. The defense, communication, and non-ferrous metal sectors performed well, while financial real estate and consumer sectors lagged behind [1][7] - The Hong Kong stock market experienced volatility in December, influenced by expectations of US Federal Reserve interest rate cuts and fluctuations in US stocks. The Hang Seng Index fell by 0.2%, while the Hang Seng Technology Index dropped by 1.8% [1][10] A-share Insights - The A-share market is expected to experience a steady upward trend, supported by ongoing policy initiatives and increased capital inflows. Historically, a "spring rally" occurs almost every year in the A-share market, with 13 out of 14 years since 2012 (excluding 2022) witnessing such rallies [2][15] - The central economic work conference emphasized a "more proactive fiscal policy" and "moderately loose monetary policy," which is expected to provide a solid foundation for economic growth and capital market prosperity [2][15][16] - The report suggests focusing on growth and consumer sectors, particularly TMT and advanced manufacturing, which have historically shown greater elasticity during spring rallies. The consumer sector, currently underperforming, may attract "missed opportunity" funds [2][17][18] Hong Kong Insights - The Hong Kong market is anticipated to continue its upward trend due to domestic policy support and a weaker US dollar. Despite recent gains, overall valuations remain low, indicating high long-term investment value [3][20] - A "barbell" strategy is recommended, focusing on technology growth and high-dividend stocks. Key areas include self-sufficiency, chips, and high-end manufacturing, as well as stable dividend sectors like telecommunications and utilities [3][20] Stock Recommendations - For January 2026, the A-share stock selection includes: - Sunlord Electronics, Zhongji Xuchuang, Xinyi Sheng, SMIC, PetroChina, Sinopec, Haier Smart Home, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Zijin Mining, and Shanghai Lingang [2][22] - The recommended Hong Kong stocks for January 2026 are: - Alibaba-W, Tencent Holdings, SMIC, Hua Hong Semiconductor, Yujian, and Goldwind Technology [2][26]

Group 1: Market Overview - The industrial bond market has seen a total issuance of 7,440 bonds, amounting to 8.60 trillion yuan, covering 29 primary industries, with 16 industries exceeding 100 billion yuan in issuance for the year, notably including public utilities, non-bank financials, and transportation [1] - The A-share market has continued to experience a volatile upward trend, with significant increases in weekly financing and a net inflow of 36.34 billion yuan into stock ETFs, indicating a positive funding environment [2] Group 2: Real Estate Sector - As of December 28, 2025, new home transactions in 20 cities totaled 774,000 units, reflecting a decrease of 16.5%, with notable declines in Beijing (21%), Shanghai (5%), and Shenzhen (38%) [3] - The secondary housing market in 10 cities recorded 756,000 transactions, a slight decrease of 0.7%, with Beijing showing a minor decline of 1% and Shanghai experiencing a 6% increase [3] Group 3: Pharmaceutical Industry - The oral semaglutide for weight loss received FDA approval, with significant clinical data from related companies indicating a shift from research validation to commercial confirmation, suggesting investment opportunities in leading firms like Goliath Pharmaceuticals and Hengrui Medicine [4] Group 4: Metals and Materials Sector - Lithium prices have reached approximately 112,000 yuan per ton, with recommendations to focus on companies with cost advantages and resource expansion potential, such as Salt Lake Co. and Tianqi Lithium [5] - Cobalt prices have increased across multiple varieties, with a recommendation to monitor Huayou Cobalt [5] - Prices for praseodymium and neodymium oxides are at a 19-month high, indicating potential investment opportunities in companies like Northern Rare Earth and Shenghe Resources [5]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the provided content Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - The report conducts a comprehensive analysis of the primary and secondary markets of industrial bonds in 2025, as well as a financial analysis of different industries, aiming to provide investors with a reference for investment decisions [1][34][61] Group 3: Summary by Directory 1. Primary Market - As of December 26, 2025, a total of 15,700 narrow - caliber credit bonds have been issued in 2025, with a total scale of 13.91 trillion yuan. After excluding urban investment bonds, 7,440 industrial bonds have been issued, with a total scale of 8.60 trillion yuan, covering 29 Shenwan primary industries [1][10] - 16 industries have an annual issuance scale exceeding 100 billion yuan, with the top - ranked industries in terms of issuance scale being public utilities (1.95 trillion yuan/1,060 bonds), non - bank finance (1.38 trillion yuan/1,407 bonds), and transportation (1.00 trillion yuan/805 bonds) [1][13] - In terms of bond types, medium - term notes, short - term financing bills, and corporate bonds have relatively high issuance amounts, accounting for 41.3%, 34.6%, and 23.0% respectively. Among special varieties, the annual issuance scale of science and technology innovation bonds accounts for over 20%, and that of green bonds accounts for 4% [16] - The scale of industrial bonds issued by central and local state - owned enterprises accounts for over 90%, and the issuers' credit ratings are mainly concentrated at the AAA level. Geographically, Beijing has the largest issuance scale, followed by Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu [20] - In terms of issuance term, the issuance scale of industrial bonds with a term of 1 year or less is the largest, accounting for 35.7%, followed by 1 - 3 years (35.1%) and 3 - 5 years (19.8%) [28] - In terms of issuance interest rate, the proportion of industrial bonds with a coupon rate of 2% or less is the highest, reaching 57%, followed by 2% - 3% (40%), and the average annual issuance coupon rate is 2.15% [31] 2. Secondary Market 2.1 Trend Review - Since the beginning of the year, affected by policies, funds, and market preferences, the yield of credit bonds has experienced two rounds of first rising and then falling, showing an M - shaped trend, which can be divided into four stages [34] - From the beginning of the year to mid - March, the yield rose rapidly, and the credit spread widened to the highest level of the year. From late March to early July, the yield declined continuously, and the credit spread narrowed. From mid - July to the end of September, the yield rose again, and the credit spread widened. From October to now, the yield has declined fluctuantly, and the credit spread first narrowed and then widened [34][35][36] 2.2 Overview of Outstanding Industrial Bonds - As of December 26, 2025, there are 13,625 outstanding industrial bonds in the narrow - caliber credit bond market, with a total scale of 15.39 trillion yuan, covering 29 Shenwan primary industries [39] - The public utilities and non - bank finance industries have an outstanding industrial bond scale of over 2 trillion yuan, significantly leading other industries. The issuers of outstanding industrial bonds are mainly concentrated in high - grade central and local state - owned enterprises [39][41] - The weighted average remaining term of outstanding industrial bonds is 3.08 years. Industries with a longer weighted average remaining term include comprehensive, communication, and coal, while industries with a shorter term include media, light manufacturing, and national defense and military industry [46][49] - In terms of implicit ratings, AA(2) and AA - rated industrial bonds account for 25% in total, ranking first, followed by AA+ (24%) and AAA (19%) [52] - Taking AAA - rated industrial bonds as an example, industries such as real estate, coal, and pharmaceutical biology have relatively high spreads, with certain yield - mining potential [58] 3. Industry - Specific Financial Analysis 3.1 Profitability - In the first three quarters of 2025, the total revenue of industrial bond issuers reached 53.88 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 3.50%. Among the 29 industries, 11 industries achieved year - on - year positive growth in total revenue, with machinery and equipment and computer industries leading in revenue growth [62] - The total net profit of industrial bond issuers reached 2.43 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 3.32%. 16 industries achieved year - on - year positive growth in total net profit, with textile and apparel and steel industries leading in growth [62] - The non - bank finance industry has a net profit margin of over 30%, far higher than other industries, followed by environmental protection and public utilities industries, with a net profit margin of over 10% [62] 3.2 Debt Situation - As of the end of the third quarter of 2025, industries such as building decoration and real estate have relatively high debt pressure, with an asset - liability ratio of over 70%, while industries such as national defense and military industry and media have relatively low debt pressure, with an asset - liability ratio of less than 50% [64] - The total interest - bearing debt of industrial bonds reached 86.35 trillion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 8.58%. Only 4 industries, including communication, textile and apparel, electronics, and real estate, saw a year - on - year decrease in total interest - bearing debt [64] - Industries such as non - bank finance, public utilities, and social services have a relatively high proportion of interest - bearing debt to total liabilities, over 70%, while industries such as automobile and national defense and military industry have a relatively low proportion, less than 45%, with relatively low debt - repayment pressure [64] 3.3 Debt - Repayment Ability - As of the end of the third quarter of 2025, industries with strong short - term debt - repayment ability include textile and apparel, national defense and military industry, media, and light manufacturing, with a coverage ratio of monetary funds to short - term debt of over 100%, while industries such as non - bank finance, steel, and petroleum and petrochemical have relatively weak short - term debt - repayment ability, with a coverage ratio of less than 50% [66] 3.4 Cash Flow Situation - In the first three quarters of 2025, the net inflow of operating cash flow of industrial bond issuers increased by 18.40% year - on - year. Among the industries with positive operating cash flow, 12 industries, including comprehensive and real estate, achieved year - on - year positive growth [68] - The net inflow of financing cash flow of industrial bond issuers increased by 145.37% year - on - year. Among the industries with positive financing cash flow, 6 industries, including electronics and environmental protection, achieved year - on - year positive growth [68] - The net outflow of investment cash flow of industrial bond issuers increased by 14.33% year - on - year, with an overall increase in investment expenditure. All 29 industries had a net outflow of investment cash flow, and 19 industries, including comprehensive and computer, saw an increase in investment expenditure [68]

一周观点 总量研究 上周观点 | 领域 | 一周观点 | 分析师 | | --- | --- | --- | | | 政策有望持续发力，叠加各类资金有望积极流入，市场有望震荡上行。一方面，历史来看，A | | | | 股市场中几乎每年都存在"春季躁动"行情；另一方面，经济增长有望保持在合理区间，进一 | | | 策略 | 步夯实资本市场繁荣发展的基础。此外，政策红利释放，有望提振市场信心，进一步吸引各类 | 张宇生 | | | 资金积极流入。行业配置方面，结合往年规律及当前市场环境，关注成长及消费板块；主题方 | | | | 面，可逢低关注商业航天概念。 | | | | 上周黄金价格上涨，国内权益市场指数震荡下行，创业板指明显回调；行业主题基金表现来看， | | | 金工 | 金融地产主题基金表现占优，TMT 主题基金净值回调。国内市场新成立基金 40 只，合计发行 | 祁嫣然 | | | 份额为 183.21 亿份。股票型 ETF 资金逆势大幅流入，各类宽基 ETF 资金均受到加仓，被动资 | | | | 金主要加仓方向为大盘宽基 ETF、港股 ETF、TMT 主题 ETF。 | | | | 上周 A 股整 ...

- The report discusses a **volume-timing model** for broad-based indices, which provides signals based on market volume trends. As of December 26, 2025, the model indicates a "cautious" view for the SSE 50 index, while other indices such as SSE Composite, CSI 300, CSI 500, CSI 1000, ChiNext, and Beijing 50 show "bullish" signals[2][23][24] - A **momentum sentiment indicator** is introduced, which calculates the proportion of stocks in the CSI 300 index with positive returns over a specific period (N days). The formula is: $ \text{CSI 300 N-day Upward Proportion} = \frac{\text{Number of CSI 300 stocks with positive returns in the past N days}}{\text{Total number of CSI 300 stocks}} $ This indicator is effective in capturing upward opportunities but has limitations in avoiding risks during market downturns. Recently, the indicator's value has been around 71%[24][25][28] - A **moving average sentiment indicator** is also discussed, which uses eight moving averages (8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233) to assess market trends. The indicator assigns values based on the number of moving averages above or below the current price. When the number of moving averages above the price exceeds five, the market is considered bullish. This indicator currently shows that the CSI 300 index is in a positive sentiment zone[30][33][36] - The report evaluates **cross-sectional volatility** and **time-series volatility** as measures of alpha generation potential. Cross-sectional volatility for CSI 300, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 stocks shows mixed trends, with CSI 500 experiencing an increase, indicating a better short-term alpha environment. Time-series volatility for all three indices has decreased recently, suggesting a weaker short-term alpha environment[41][42][43] - A **fund clustering degree indicator** is used to monitor the degree of fund concentration. This is measured by the standard deviation of cross-sectional returns of clustered funds. A lower standard deviation indicates higher clustering. Recently, the clustering degree has slightly increased, and both clustered funds and stocks have shown higher excess returns over the past week[83][85][87]

Group 1: Macro Insights - The US real estate market is currently in a "weak supply and demand" state, with expectations of a weak recovery by 2026 due to challenges in policy transmission and external risks [2] - Industrial profits in November continued to decline year-on-year, with only the midstream equipment sector showing stable growth, while upstream and downstream sectors weakened [3] - The A-share market has not shown clear signs of a bull market peak, indicating continued potential for market performance [4] Group 2: Market Strategies - The A-share market is expected to experience a spring rally supported by ongoing policy efforts and capital inflows, with a focus on growth and consumer sectors [5] - The REITs market has shown signs of price recovery after five weeks of decline, with notable returns compared to other asset classes [6] - Credit bond issuance increased by 15.42% week-on-week, indicating a positive trend in the credit market [7] Group 3: Industry Research - The green methanol sector is rapidly growing under the "carbon neutrality" initiative, with a focus on companies that have established a complete supply chain [10] - The engineering machinery industry is witnessing a recovery in domestic demand and accelerated overseas growth, with several key manufacturers recommended for investment [11] - Strategic metals are expected to see investment opportunities due to favorable supply-demand dynamics and resource nationalism [12] Group 4: Company Research - Sinopec Engineering's acquisition of the East China Pipeline Design Institute is expected to enhance its competitive edge in pipeline transportation [19] - China Oil Engineering has signed a $424 million EPC contract for a pipeline project in Kazakhstan, indicating its proactive expansion into overseas markets [20] - Jinhui Liquor is positioned to benefit from regional brand advantages and market expansion, with strong revenue and profit growth projections [21]