1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information about the industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Based on various fiscal announcements, the report calculates the supply of government bonds and ultra - long bonds in Q1 2026 and interprets the key points of market - concerned supply [8]. - It analyzes the characteristics of government bond issuance in Q1 2026, including the situation of treasury bonds, local bonds, and makes supply forecasts [1][3][9]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Treasury Bonds: In Q1, the number of issuances changes little, the single - issue scale rises and then falls, and there is room for acceleration in the future 3.1.1 Q1 Treasury Bond Plan: The number of issuances changes little, and 30y bonds use new codes - The number of treasury bond issuances in Q1 2026 is similar to that in the same period of 2025, with the number of coupon - bearing treasury bonds and savings bonds of each term remaining the same as in Q1 2025, and an additional 3M discount treasury bond issued in March 2026. The 50 - year treasury bond is postponed from February to March [9]. - 30y treasury bonds will use new codes. After the announcement, 250002 performed weakly, and 2500006 may continue to be the active bond in the short term. There is a risk of failure in the coupon - bond replacement of 30y ordinary treasury bonds [10]. 3.1.2 Single - issue Scale of Key - term Treasury Bonds: It rises first and then falls, and there may still be room for acceleration in the future - In January 2026, the single - issue scale of 2 - year and 10 - year coupon - bearing treasury bonds increased significantly compared with the same period in 2025, which may be due to high maturity pressure, the need to form physical workloads earlier, and to make way for the issuance of special treasury bonds [15][16]. - The single - issue scale of 1 - year treasury bonds later decreased to 135 billion. If the issuance speed of 135 billion continues, the monthly average may be around 150 billion, which is in line with the neutral issuance speed under a 4% deficit rate. To catch up with the net financing progress in 2025 in Q1, the quarterly average single - issue scale of key - term treasury bonds needs to reach 170 billion, indicating room for acceleration [18][19]. - Treasury bonds can use the remaining quota for issuance expansion before the Two Sessions. The remaining quota at the beginning of 2026 is expected to be around 580 billion, providing room for expansion [23]. 3.1.3 The quota of ultra - long special treasury bonds is pre - allocated but issued later - No special treasury bonds are scheduled for issuance in Q1. Ultra - long special treasury bonds show the characteristic of "quota pre - allocation but issuance postponement". The "Two - New" quota in 2026 is pre - allocated in a reduced scale but earlier, while the "Two - Important" quota is pre - allocated in a larger scale but later [25][29][30]. 3.2 Local Bonds: In Q1, the issuance scale is similar to that in the same period of 2025, the rhythm is earlier, and the terms vary across regions 3.2.1 Q1 Local Bond Plan: The issuance scale is basically the same as that in Q1 2025, and the supply is more concentrated in January - The planned issuance scale of the regions that have released plans is close to that in the same period of 2025. Affected by the Spring Festival shift, the issuance in January 2026 increased significantly compared with the same period in 2025 [31][32]. 3.2.2 Terms: Different regions show differentiation, and term shortening is not yet a general phenomenon - Regions with significantly shortened terms include Guangxi and Zhejiang, which do not arrange the issuance of 30y varieties and increase 10 - 20y varieties [32]. - Regions with little change in terms include Beijing and Shandong. Beijing's new special bonds still cover the full range of 1 - 30y terms, and Shandong's weighted average term is similar to that in Q1 2025 [33]. - Regions with significantly extended terms include Qingdao, which added 30y varieties that were not issued in 2025 [33]. 3.3 Q1 Supply Forecast: It is expected that the net financing of government bonds will be 3.6 trillion, and the issuance of ultra - long bonds will be 1.3 - 1.65 trillion 3.3.1 Government Bond Supply Forecast: The Q1 net financing is 3.6 trillion, including 2.15 trillion local bonds and 1.46 trillion treasury bonds - Local bonds: The net financing in Q1 may be around 2.15 trillion, with January and March being the supply peaks. The net financing in January, February, and March is expected to be 830 billion, 490 billion, and 840 billion respectively [38]. - Treasury bonds: The net financing in Q1 may be around 1.46 trillion. The single - issue scale of key - term treasury bonds is assumed to be 135 billion for the remaining 3 issues in January, rising to 175 billion in February, and around 190 billion in March due to high maturity pressure [39]. 3.3.2 Ultra - long Bond Supply Forecast: The issuance in Q1 is 1.4 - 1.77 trillion, including 11.6 billion treasury bonds and 1.3 - 1.65 trillion local bonds - Ultra - long treasury bonds: The issuance in Q1 may be around 11.6 billion, with 32 billion, 32 billion, and 52 billion issued in January, February, and March respectively [42]. - Ultra - long local bonds: The issuance in Q1 may be 1.3 - 1.65 trillion, with different issuance scales calculated according to different reference term structures [43].

证券研究报告 | 宏观深度报告 | 中国宏观 展望明年，我们认为，结合积极的财政政策基调以及中央预算稳定调节基金的特点， 2026 年存在小幅提高赤字率的可能性，同时综合考虑调入资金及结转结余（2025 年财 政预算显示，第一本账收入中调入资金及使用结转结余 20555 亿元），则 2026 年广义 财政力度或将下降。预计 2026 年赤字率可能设定为 4.0%~4.2%左右，对应赤字规模 为 5.89 万亿至 6.19 万亿左右，广义赤字规模约为 11.79 万亿至 12.09 万亿左右（地方 专项债规模或设定为 4.4 万亿左右，超长期特别国债或维持 1.2 万亿左右规模，持续发 力"两重""两新"，特别国债或为 3000 亿左右规模，支持国有大型商业银行补充资本。） ❑ 一般公共预算：11 月税收收入增速放缓 11 月全国一般公共预算收入 14026 亿元，同比增长-0.02%，较前值放缓。从结构 上看，11 月全国税收收入 11450 亿元，同比增长 2.8%，1-11 月全国税收收入增长 1.8%，较前值 1.7%小幅扩大。11 月非税收入 2576 亿元，同比下降 10.8%，延续 了 5 月份以 ...

Investment consulting business qualification：CSRC License [2012] No. 669 投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2012】669 号 中信期货国际化研究 | CITIC Futures International Research 2025-12-18 China Fiscal Policy Outlook: Moderate Expandsion? 中国财政政策展望：如何理解适度扩张 | 甘 青 | Gan | Qing | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F03124127 | 投资咨询号 Consulting No.：Z0023461 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 程小庆 | | | Cheng Xiaoqing 从业资格号 Qualification No：F3083989 | 投资咨询号 Consulting No.：Z0018635 | | 张菁 | Zhang Jing | | 从业资格号 Qualification No：F3022617 | 投资咨询号 Consulting ...

粤开证券首席经济学家罗志恒表示，"更加积极"要求财政支出强度有保障，赤字率预计不低于4%，新 增债务规模将继续提高。"优化财政支出结构方面，预计财政资金的投向将实现从重视投资到投资消费 并重、从重视供给到供给需求并重、从重视企业到重视企业家庭并重，进一步向居民端和民生保障倾 斜，提高育儿补贴金额、延长学前教育免费年限、进一步提高城乡居民养老金，修复居民部门资产负债 表。"罗志恒说。（上证报） ...

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The records primarily discuss the macroeconomic outlook for China and Japan, focusing on fiscal revenue and monetary policy implications for 2026 [1][2][3][4][5][8][10]. Key Insights and Arguments 1. **China's Fiscal Revenue Outlook for 2026**: - China's broad fiscal revenue is expected to stabilize and increase, driven by stable macro tax burdens, anti-involution policies, performance of special taxes, and enhanced tax collection measures [1][2][3][4]. - The overall fiscal revenue is projected to show uncertainty but trend towards stability [4]. 2. **Factors Influencing China's Fiscal Revenue**: - **Stable Macro Tax Burden**: Emphasis on maintaining a reasonable macro tax burden and regulating tax incentives to address the ongoing decline in macro tax levels [3]. - **Anti-Involution Policies**: These policies are anticipated to help improve prices in 2026, particularly benefiting domestic value-added tax revenues from manufacturing and wholesale sectors [3]. - **Performance of Special Taxes**: The shift towards domestic demand may reduce the drag from export tax refunds, while higher trading volumes in the securities market could enhance stamp duty contributions [3]. - **Strengthened Tax Collection Measures**: Increased coverage and regulation of personal income tax and compliance requirements for local government investment incentives are expected to improve fiscal stability [3]. 3. **Japan's Economic Stimulus and Fiscal Challenges**: - Japan's government has introduced a ¥21.3 trillion economic stimulus plan, primarily targeting inflation and social subsidies, which is expected to raise the fiscal deficit to 3.0% in 2026 [1][8]. - The effectiveness of Japan's fiscal expansion is anticipated to be weaker compared to the U.S. and Germany, with a projected GDP impact of only 0.5 percentage points [8][9]. 4. **Market Risks and Volatility**: - The combination of fiscal expansion and monetary tightening in Japan has raised risks of a reversal in yen carry trades, particularly as the Bank of Japan shifts towards a hawkish stance [8][10]. - Current market conditions show a balanced position in yen trading, with net long positions emerging, indicating a more stable environment compared to previous extremes [11][12]. 5. **U.S. Economic Data and Implications**: - Recent U.S. economic data, including a decline in ADP employment figures and stagnant PCE consumption growth, suggest a weakening labor market and potential for a rate cut by the Federal Reserve in December [7]. Other Important but Overlooked Content - The records highlight the importance of monitoring the interplay between U.S. and Japanese monetary policies, particularly during periods of contrasting stances, which could create volatility in the markets [10]. - The potential for Japan's fiscal measures to lead to increased inflationary pressures, despite initial subsidies aimed at reducing costs, is a critical consideration for future economic stability [9][12].

固收-年末"最后一跌"，或可配置 20251124 摘要 当前市场是一个较好的配置窗口，10 年期国债收益率上行至 1.83%左 右是一个安全保护点位，年末需关注农村金融机构的买入水平，这将决 定后续是否会有一波配置行情启动。 预计 2026 年财政政策延续积极基调，赤字率维持 4%左右，国债发行 量预计约为 5 万亿，准财政工具仍有发力空间，特别国债和新增专项债 可能增加，政府资金需求比今年增加约 1.3 万亿。 当前推荐阿尔法挖掘策略中的 7~10 年证金债和 3~5 年品种，以及 10 年期国债，超长端具有较好的配置性价比，本周相对较好的阿尔法品种 包括短端 3~5 年的政金债和 30 年的超长端国债老券。 当前市场胜率较高但赔率有限，不必过度焦虑，可以逐步建仓以布局明 年的票息收入，关注农村金融机构等主要资金动向，以便及时调整投资 策略。 预计 2026 年政府部门的财政支持力度将从 2025 年的 68%左右上升到 70.5%左右，增幅有所放缓，但整体趋势仍然是上升的。 预计 2026 年普通国债发行规模将达到 7.1 万亿人民币，地方债总计约 7.5 万亿人民币，一季度融资节奏较快，需关注供给压力 ...

Revenue Insights - From January to October 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached 18.65 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.8%, with a growth rate improvement of 0.3 percentage points compared to January to September[1] - In October, the general public budget revenue recorded a year-on-year growth of 3.2%, up from 2.6% in September, driven primarily by tax revenue which grew by 8.6%[1][2] - Personal income tax showed a remarkable year-on-year growth of 27.3%, significantly higher than the previous value of 16.7%, making it a core driver of tax revenue growth[2] Expenditure Trends - General public budget expenditure from January to October 2025 totaled 22.58 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 2%[1] - In October, public budget expenditure decreased by 9.8%, marking the first negative growth of the year, attributed to earlier fiscal spending in the first half of the year and constraints from the annual deficit requirements[3] - Infrastructure spending saw a significant decline of 26.7%, indicating reduced support for traditional fiscal investment methods[5] Tax Revenue Dynamics - Non-tax revenue experienced a sharp decline of 33.0%, indicating an ongoing improvement in the quality of fiscal revenue[1] - Export tax rebates fell by 14.8%, suggesting a potential weakening in external demand, consistent with the downward trend in October's export growth[2] - The growth rate of securities transaction stamp duty normalized to 17.5%, down from a previous 342.4%, indicating a return to typical market conditions[2] Fiscal Policy Implications - The tightening of fiscal expenditure in October may necessitate an increase in the deficit ratio next year to support economic continuity, especially with the upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan"[3] - Local government land transfer revenue dropped by 27.3%, a significant increase in decline compared to the previous month's -1.0%, impacting government fund expenditures which fell by 38.2%[5]

Group 1: Macroeconomic Outlook - The report highlights that both the US and China are entering critical years, with global investment driven by three and a half engines: AI investment, defense spending, and industrial restructuring [1][14] - The nominal GDP growth rate is expected to recover, with a focus on domestic demand and technology as key policy areas [1][2] - The transition from old to new economic drivers in China is anticipated to gain momentum, leading to a rebalancing of supply and demand [2][11] Group 2: Policy Environment - The "15th Five-Year Plan" sets a supportive policy tone, with monetary policy expected to remain accommodative, albeit with less room than in the current year [3][15] - Fiscal policy is projected to maintain a certain level of expansion, with total tools estimated at 15.7 trillion yuan, an increase of approximately 1.2 trillion yuan from this year [3][15] - The report emphasizes the importance of structural tools and the coordination between monetary and fiscal policies to support various sectors [3][15] Group 3: Supply and Demand Dynamics - The narrative of "asset scarcity" in the bond market is expected to weaken, with a focus on the verification of corporate profits and capacity utilization [4][18] - The report notes that government bond supply is likely to increase, but market pressure will be manageable due to central bank support [4][18] - Institutional behavior is identified as a major source of market volatility, with a reduction in stable funding leading to increased market fluctuations [4][18] Group 4: Bond Market Strategy - The bond market is expected to maintain a "low interest rate + high volatility" characteristic, with the central rate likely remaining stable or slightly increasing [5][18] - The report suggests a strategy of segment trading, coupon strategies, and equity exposure as priorities over duration adjustment and credit downgrading [5][18] - The ten-year government bond yield is projected to fluctuate between 1.6% and 2.1%, with a widening of term spreads anticipated [5][18]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of fiscal policy during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, advocating for proactive measures to support economic growth and address challenges, with a target GDP growth rate of approximately 4.7% to achieve the 2035 doubling goal [4][5]. Fiscal Policy Role - Fiscal policy is expected to play a crucial role in the "15th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on maintaining a high budget deficit to stimulate economic growth [4][5]. - The suggested budget deficit rate for 2026 is around 5%, with plans to utilize special bonds and other broad deficit tools to exceed 16 trillion yuan in total deficit [4][5]. Comparison with Other Economies - Compared to major economies like the U.S. and Japan, which have high deficit rates exceeding 6%, China's central government has a lower leverage ratio, indicating room for increased fiscal measures to boost social confidence and effective demand [5][6]. Shift in Fiscal Spending Focus - There is a proposed shift in fiscal spending from primarily investment-focused to a balanced approach that includes both investment and consumption, emphasizing the need for increased support in public services and consumer spending [6][7]. Addressing Local Government Debt - Addressing local government debt risks is highlighted as a key aspect of fiscal efforts, with recommendations for orderly debt replacement and improved asset management to alleviate financial pressures [7][8]. Structural Issues and Policy Coordination - The article stresses the need to view government debt expansion in a balanced manner, recognizing its potential positive effects on economic growth while advocating for structural reforms in the fiscal and tax systems [8][9]. Economic Resilience and Domestic Demand - The "15th Five-Year Plan" period is seen as a critical time for China to enhance its economic resilience and unleash domestic demand, supported by coordinated macroeconomic policies and ongoing urbanization efforts [9].

Core Points - The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to improve the macroeconomic governance system to ensure high-quality and sustainable development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1] Fiscal Policy - Fiscal policy is expected to play a proactive role during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on addressing issues through development [2] - To achieve the goal of doubling GDP by 2035, the actual GDP growth rate needs to be maintained at around 4.7%, which requires a high budget deficit level to support economic growth [2] - The deficit rate is suggested to be set at around 5% for 2026, with plans to utilize special bonds and other broad deficit tools, aiming for a total broad deficit scale exceeding 16 trillion yuan [2] Government Debt and Investment - Compared to major economies like the US and Japan, China's central government has a lower leverage ratio, which can be increased to boost social confidence and effective demand [3] - The focus of fiscal policy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" will shift from primarily investment to a balance between investment and consumption, enhancing public service and addressing shortfalls in healthcare, education, and elderly care [3][4] - There will be an emphasis on expanding effective investment in infrastructure, particularly in transportation, energy, and water conservancy, as well as supporting new industries like digital economy and green energy [4] Local Government Debt Management - Addressing local government debt risks is crucial for sustainable fiscal development, with some progress already made, though challenges remain [4][5] - The strategy includes orderly debt replacement, dynamic adjustment of high-risk areas, and enhancing government asset management [5][6] Economic Growth and Structural Issues - The relationship between government debt expansion and economic growth should be viewed objectively, recognizing the positive effects of debt efficiency and structure optimization [6] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is seen as a critical phase for China's transition to high-quality development, with potential for domestic demand to be released and resilience in foreign trade [6]