投资咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1778 号 期货研究报告 黑色金属 | 日报 2025 年 12 月 25 日 煤焦日报 专业研究·创造价值 观望情绪较浓，煤焦低位震荡 核心观点 焦炭：12 月 25 日，焦炭主力合约报收于 1739 元/吨，日内录得 0.03%的 跌幅。截至收盘，主力合约持仓量为 2.91 万手，较前一交易日仓差为 +329 手。现货市场方面，日照港准一级湿熄焦平仓价格指数最新报价为 1520 元/吨，周环比下跌 3.18%；青岛港准一级湿熄焦出库价为 1460 元/ 吨，周环比下跌 1.35%。当前，焦炭维持供需两弱格局，基本面未明显改 善，不过下游冬储补库和反内卷预期驱动焦炭期货止跌震荡，叠加 1 月后 钢厂存复产预期，关注后续下游补库和生产节奏。 焦煤：12 月 25 日，焦煤主力合约报收 1124 点，日内上涨 0.00%。截至收 盘，主力合约持仓量为 50.36 万手，较前一交易日仓差为+3101 手。现货 市场方面，甘其毛都口岸蒙煤最新报价为 1140.0 元/吨，周环比持平。目 前，焦煤供应端压力阶段性释放，随着下游冬储补库预期和反内卷预期扰 动再现，市场情绪由弱转强 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating The provided text does not contain information about the report's industry investment rating. 2. Core Views of the Report - In 2026, the commodity market will enter a period of high volatility and deep differentiation driven by macro - logic. Each commodity sector faces unique risks, including macro - policy changes, geopolitical issues, supply - demand imbalances, and policy uncertainties [167]. - The long - term bullish logic for gold remains intact, but in 2026, there are risks of short - term corrections due to factors such as "twin - peak inflation", delayed Fed rate cuts, and high risk premiums [16]. - Non - ferrous metals may see their price centers rise, but they are exposed to risks from macro - policy fluctuations, trade protectionism, and supply - demand mismatches [46]. - Black commodities will continue to face challenges of weak demand and oversupply, with the risk of a negative feedback loop [79]. - Energy and chemical products will struggle to re - balance due to long - term geopolitical risks, overcapacity, and weak demand [108]. - Agricultural products are in an era of increased production but face uncertainties in demand, policy interventions, and inventory and supply chain risks [138]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Precious Metals: Risks in Safe - Haven Assets - **"Twin - Peak Inflation" and Monetary Policy**: Trump's tariff policies may lead to supply - side "twin - peak inflation". If inflation rebounds, the Fed may adopt a "Higher for Longer" policy, suppressing precious metal prices [17]. - **Fiscal Policy and Asset Rotation**: Fiscal expansion may trigger economic recovery expectations, leading to asset rotation from safe - haven assets to risk assets. The short - term economic boost from fiscal policies may reduce the attractiveness of gold [29]. - **Central Bank Buying and Investment Demand**: Central banks buy gold to hedge against dollar depreciation, but some may slow down or sell gold due to high prices. The shift from central bank buying to Western ETF investment funds increases market vulnerability [33][35]. - **International Political Risks**: Geopolitical risks are already priced into gold. If tensions ease, the risk premium may disappear. Trade frictions may also cause price fluctuations [41]. - **High Beta Trap in Silver**: Silver's price is more volatile than gold. If the manufacturing recovery is weak or gold prices fall, silver prices may decline more sharply [42]. 3.2 Non - Ferrous Metals: Macro - Policy and Supply - Demand Structural Contradictions - **Macro - Environment and Price Volatility**: Uncertainty in Fed monetary policy and dollar index fluctuations can directly impact non - ferrous metal prices. US trade protectionism may reshape trade flows and cause regional supply - demand imbalances [47][48]. - **Supply - Side Risks**: Supply shortages in copper mines, structural problems in aluminum mines, and slow capacity clearance in new energy metals are major risks. Resource nationalism also increases costs and supply chain risks [52][54][56]. - **Demand - Side Challenges**: Traditional demand from real estate and home appliances is weak, while emerging demand from new energy vehicles, photovoltaics, and AI may not meet expectations, leading to insufficient demand [60][64][70]. - **Inventory and Capital Risks**: Inventory mismatches and financial risks in the capital market can amplify price fluctuations. Low - inventory environments may lead to forced - liquidation events, and large - scale capital inflows and outflows can cause price bubbles and sharp corrections [74][76]. 3.3 Black Commodities: Pains in the Post - Real Estate Era - **Demand - Side Risks**: The real estate market remains a major drag on demand, while manufacturing demand may slow down, and the sustainability of steel exports is uncertain. Over - interpretation of demand resilience may lead to supply - demand imbalances [80][83][85]. - **Supply - Side Risks**: Global iron ore supply will shift from tight balance to oversupply in 2026. Double - coking coal and alloys also face supply - side pressures [89][96]. - **Policy and Macro - Level Risks**: The implementation of the "anti - involution" policy is uncertain, and fiscal and monetary policies may have a diminishing marginal effect. International rules such as CBAM and US trade policies also pose risks [98][99][101]. - **Profit Distribution and Negative Feedback**: The profit distribution in the industrial chain is distorted, and a negative feedback loop may occur, leading to a systemic price collapse [102][105]. 3.4 Energy and Chemical Products: Difficult Re - balance in a Geopolitically Fragmented World - **Geopolitical Risks**: Crude oil geopolitical risks are long - term and fragmented, leading to trade flow restructuring and cost increases. OPEC+ faces challenges in maintaining production cuts, and non - OPEC+ countries have limited capacity for production increases [109][113]. - **Demand - Side Constraints**: The logic of oil consumption has changed, and global economic factors such as trade frictions and high - interest rates limit energy demand. Shipping and logistics risks also affect energy costs and trade flows [119][125]. - **Inventory Risks**: Crude oil and chemical product inventories are expected to increase, suppressing prices and weakening the impact of geopolitical premiums. High - inventory situations in chemicals will become normal [132][135]. - **Policy Execution Risks**: The implementation of the "anti - involution" policy is uncertain, and without effective measures, capacity clearance in the chemical industry will be difficult [137]. 3.5 Agricultural Products: Increased Production Meets Uncertain Demand - **Supply - Side Risks**: Major agricultural products are expected to increase in production, leading to a global supply surplus. The soybean market is highly dependent on Brazil, and any local disruptions may have a global impact [138][139]. - **Demand - Side Risks**: Food, feed, and industrial demand for agricultural products are all weakening. Policy uncertainties in bio - fuels also affect industrial demand [143][144]. - **Policy Intervention Risks**: Sino - US trade relations and bio - diesel policies are major variables that can significantly impact the agricultural market [151][156]. - **Inventory and Supply Chain Risks**: High inventories of US corn and soybeans suppress prices, and supply chain risks from logistics and geopolitical factors can cause price fluctuations [164]. 3.6 Summary and Response - In 2026, commodity risk management should be more forward - looking, structural, and flexible, upgrading from price risk management to volatility management and risk - return structure optimization [167]. - For precious metals, maintain long - term bullish positions but use dynamic stop - profit mechanisms and options to manage risks [168]. - For non - ferrous metals, refine futures hedging and use options to protect against extreme risks [169]. - For black commodities, shift from hedging absolute prices to managing profits and use options to manage costs and risks [170]. - For energy and chemical products, use futures to manage geopolitical risks and options to manage volatility. Take advantage of price rebounds to lock in processing fees [171]. - For agricultural products, use futures for selling hedging and options to manage price fluctuations and input costs [172].

作者：赵伟，经济学博士，申万宏源证券首席经济学家，中国证券业协会首席经济学家委员会委员，中国首席经济学家论坛理事 侯倩楠（通信作者），管理学博士，申万宏源研究所宏观分析师 屠强，申万宏源研究所资深高级宏观分析师 近年来，"内卷"一词已成为中国经济面临深层次结构性问题的核心词汇，它不仅指代企业为争夺有限市场而进行的无序竞争，更反映出价格低迷压力、产 能利用率偏低、企业盈利受损以及地方政府过度干预等一系列挑战。这些问题严重制约了经济的健康发展与转型升级。 与以往的供给侧改革相比，本轮"内卷"的成因更为复杂、表现形式更为多元。其深层根源在于经济转型期新旧动能分化，以及地方政府为追求GDP和财政 收入而进行的同质化和无序竞争。 本文旨在系统性地论证"反内卷"政策与经济高质量发展的内在联系，为相关部门优化产业结构、激发市场活力提供理论依据和实践方向。 二、本轮"反内卷"政策的演进过程 （一）高层会议针对"反内卷"持续发声，政策决心不宜低估 2024年下半年起，高层会议针对综合整治"内卷式"竞争持续发声，"反内卷"决心不宜低估。2025年3月5日的政府工作报告在提到纵深推进全国统一大市场 建设时，提出要加快建立健全基础制 ...

Core Viewpoint - The market outlook for 2026 is optimistic, with expectations for more structural investment opportunities in A-shares, driven by a relatively loose liquidity environment [1][3]. Group 1: Market Trends and Performance - Both A-shares and U.S. stocks exhibited significant structural market characteristics in 2025, with technology as a common leading sector. The ChiNext Index rose over 50%, and the Sci-Tech 50 increased by more than 36% [1]. - Since 2020, A-shares have shown clear "structural market" characteristics, with notable trends in sectors such as electric equipment, new energy, and consumer services [1][2]. Group 2: Key Investment Themes for 2026 - The four main investment themes for 2026 include: 1. Technology: Strong focus on AI chain industry upgrades and innovation [3]. 2. Manufacturing: Emphasis on emerging industries like humanoid robots, commercial aerospace, nuclear fusion, and solid-state batteries, which are prioritized by policy [3]. 3. Cyclical sectors: Benefiting from global supply-demand changes and policies aimed at reducing competition [3]. 4. Consumption: Positive policy signals are noted, but the effectiveness of implementation is crucial [3]. Group 3: Insights from Policy and Market Perspectives - The market can be analyzed from both policy and market perspectives, with key directions identified as expanding domestic demand, technological innovation, and reducing competition [2]. - Both domestic and foreign investors are optimistic about A-shares, with a notable improvement in foreign investment sentiment compared to the previous year [2].

Policy Insights - The GDP target for 2026 is expected to remain around 5%, with macro policies not being strong stimulus but rather supportive measures[5][9]. - Monetary policy is projected to see a 10 basis point rate cut and a 50 basis point reserve requirement ratio cut, consistent with 2025[5][24]. - The fiscal deficit rate is anticipated to stay at 4%, with total debt slightly increasing, maintaining fiscal efforts similar to 2025[5][24]. Economic Outlook - Economic growth is expected to be stable, but structural differentiation may occur, with real housing demand declining due to slowed urbanization[5][36]. - Real estate sales are projected to decrease by 10% in 2026, continuing the downward trend from 2025[5][37]. - Manufacturing investment is likely to remain low, with a growth rate of 3-4% anticipated due to ongoing capacity surplus issues[5][47]. Price Trends - CPI is expected to rise slightly to around 0.5% in 2026, driven by reduced drag from pork and energy prices[5][79]. - Core CPI is projected to maintain resilience, supporting overall CPI growth, with a historical average around 0.8%[5][88]. Market Dynamics - The A-share market is expected to experience a slow bull market, driven by technology and cyclical sectors, with institutional funds poised to enter the market[5][5]. - The total balance of institutional funds is over 100 trillion yuan, with an estimated 1.5-5 trillion yuan ready to enter the equity market[5][5]. Risk Factors - Key risks include geopolitical tensions, domestic policy implementation falling short of expectations, and potential underperformance in infrastructure investment[5][5].

Core Viewpoint - HuLong Securities maintains a "recommended" rating for the building materials industry, suggesting two main lines of focus: "anti-involution" policies that may alleviate overcapacity issues and the demand for high-end fiberglass products that could enhance industry profitability [1] Group 1: Industry Overview - From January 2 to December 23, 2025, the Shenwan Building Materials Index increased by 20.8%, ranking 11th among all Shenwan sectors, while the CSI 300 Index rose by 17.43%. The fiberglass sector performed exceptionally well, with a growth rate of 90.37% during the same period [2] - The supply-side "anti-involution" policies are expected to alleviate overcapacity in the cement industry, improving the supply-demand balance and enhancing profitability for leading companies such as Anhui Conch Cement (600585.SH), Shangfeng Cement (000672.SZ), and Huaxin Cement (600801.SH) [3] Group 2: Specific Material Insights - In the float glass sector, there are no significant improvements expected on the demand side, but supply-side "anti-involution" policies may lead to a reduction in capacity. The industry is currently in a phase of high inventory and low prices, with potential for improvement in supply-demand dynamics. Attention is recommended for Qibin Group (601636.SH) [4] - The photovoltaic glass industry is still facing overcapacity, but the implementation of "anti-involution" policies may improve the supply-demand situation. Leading companies with cost advantages are likely to benefit first, with a recommendation to focus on Fuyao Glass (601865.SH) [5] - In the consumer building materials sector, the increasing proportion of aging housing is expected to drive demand for renovation, positively impacting related consumer building materials. Recommended companies include Sankeshu (603737.SH), Beixin Building Materials (000786.SZ), Dongfang Yuhong (002271.SZ), Weixing New Materials (002372.SZ), and Jianlang Hardware (002791.SZ) [6] - The fiberglass sector is expected to avoid redundant capacity and fierce price competition due to ongoing "anti-involution" policies. The demand for mid-to-high-end fiberglass products, such as wind power yarn and electronic yarn, is on the rise, which may enhance industry profitability. Companies with a high sales proportion of mid-to-high-end products, such as China Jushi (600176.SH), China National Materials (002080.SZ), and Honghe Technology (603256.SH), are recommended for attention [7]

Core Viewpoint - The construction materials industry is expected to see improved profitability and demand in 2025, driven by "anti-involution" policies and a gradual recovery in key product demand [1][2]. Fundamental Analysis - In the first three quarters of 2025, demand for major construction materials showed slight improvement, while "anti-involution" policies positively impacted supply-side dynamics, leading to improved profitability across various sub-sectors [2]. - The construction materials index rose by 20.8% from January 2 to December 23, 2025, ranking 11th among all sectors, while the CSI 300 index increased by 17.43% during the same period [1][2]. Real Estate and Infrastructure - The real estate market continues to stabilize, with a downward trend in sales and completion rates, alongside declining housing prices; however, inventory reduction is evident as the area of unsold commercial housing has been decreasing since early 2025 [2]. - Infrastructure investment growth is declining despite an increase in the scale of special bonds directed towards land reserves [2]. Investment Recommendations - Focus on two main lines: 1. "Anti-involution" policies are expected to alleviate overcapacity issues in the construction materials sector, with an emphasis on traditional materials [2]. 2. The demand for high-end fiberglass products is anticipated to enhance industry profitability [2]. Sector-Specific Insights - **Cement**: The ongoing "anti-involution" policies are expected to ease overcapacity in the cement industry, with a long-term improvement in supply-demand dynamics anticipated to boost profitability, particularly for leading companies like Conch Cement [3]. - **Float Glass**: Demand remains weak, but supply-side changes from "anti-involution" policies may improve the supply-demand balance; companies like Xinyi Glass are recommended for attention [3]. - **Photovoltaic Glass**: The industry is currently facing overcapacity, but leading companies with cost advantages are likely to benefit from improved supply-demand conditions as "anti-involution" policies are implemented [3]. - **Consumer Building Materials**: The increasing proportion of aging housing is expected to drive demand for renovation-related building materials, with companies like Skshu Paint and Beixin Building Materials highlighted for potential investment [3]. Fiberglass Sector - The "anti-involution" policies are expected to prevent redundant capacity and curb vicious price competition in the fiberglass sector, with rising demand for mid-to-high-end fiberglass products likely to enhance profitability; companies such as China Jushi and Zhongcai Technology are recommended for investment [4].

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights a significant slowdown in the growth of the photovoltaic (PV) industry in China for the first ten months of the year, with a notable decline in polysilicon production and a mixed performance in demand, indicating potential challenges ahead for the sector [1][2]. Manufacturing Sector Summary - Polysilicon production decreased by 29.6% year-on-year to 1.13 million tons - Wafer production fell by 6.7% year-on-year to 567 GW - Battery cell production increased by 9.8% year-on-year to 560 GW - Module production grew by 13.5% year-on-year to 514 GW [1][2][3]. Demand Sector Summary - The domestic PV installed capacity reached 252.87 GW, a year-on-year increase of 39.5% - From January to May, new installations totaled 198 GW, reflecting a 150% year-on-year growth - However, from June to October, new grid-connected installations saw a significant decline, dropping by 46.1% year-on-year [1][2]. Industry Developments - The 2025 China PV Industry Annual Conference focused on "anti-involution" strategies, aiming to address competitive pressures within the industry [1]. - The establishment of the polysilicon platform company, Guanghe Qiancheng, marks a significant step towards consolidating polysilicon production capacity, with major stakeholders including Tongwei Co., Ltd. holding a 30.35% share [3]. Future Outlook - The industry is expected to face a dual challenge of slowing new installations and a temporary supply-demand imbalance in the supply chain by 2026 - The "anti-involution" initiatives are anticipated to accelerate industry consolidation and reshape market dynamics [3]. Investment Recommendations - For the photovoltaic sector, it is advised to focus on leading companies such as Tongwei Co. and GCL-Poly Energy, as well as technology leaders in the BC technology space like LONGi Green Energy and Aiko Solar - In the robotics sector, attention is recommended for core companies with high supply chain certainty and significant value in the industry chain, including Topband, Sanhua Intelligent Controls, Zhaowei Electric, and Meihua Holdings [5].

Group 1 - The chemical market is experiencing its worst sentiment in nearly seven to eight years, with expectations for 2026 indicating a continued oversupply and a potential decline in price volatility [1] - The chemical market is projected to face a "downward trend" in 2025, with excess pressure from industry expansion becoming more pronounced in the second half of the year [1] - Energy prices, including crude oil, ethane, and propane, have not yet found a bottom, and coal price support has weakened after a rebound [1] Group 2 - The methanol market is expected to normalize due to changes in logistics, with limited domestic supply increases but significant impacts from foreign production on port operations [2] - The polyester industry chain maintains optimistic demand expectations, with a potential increase in operating levels in 2026 and a recovery in profitability, particularly for ethylene glycol [2] - PVC faces historically high inventory issues, with prices dropping below historical records, and the main drivers in 2026 will come from capacity reductions in domestic and foreign supply [2] Group 3 - The main uncertainties for 2026 are related to "anti-involution" and "dual control," with the overall chemical sector lacking sufficient demand and driving forces, leading to a likely decrease in price volatility [3]

Market Overview - On December 24, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.53%, the CSI 300 increased by 0.29%, the STAR 50 climbed by 0.9%, the CSI 1000 went up by 1.54%, the ChiNext Index gained 0.77%, and the Hang Seng Index rose by 0.17% [4] - The best-performing sectors on December 24 were defense and military industry (+2.88%), electronics (+2.12%), building materials (+1.72%), light industry manufacturing (+1.69%), and machinery equipment (+1.49%). The worst-performing sectors were agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery (-0.85%), coal (-0.7%), food and beverage (-0.36%), banking (-0.3%), and media (+0.01%) [4] - The total trading volume for the entire A-share market on December 24 was 1,897.242 billion yuan, with a net outflow of 1.175 billion Hong Kong dollars from southbound funds [4] Key Insights Non-Bank Financial Sector - The non-bank sector is expected to see a rebound in 2026, offering both high probability and favorable odds [5] - Market expectations for the non-bank sector are low due to the high base in 2025 [5] - Factors driving this outlook include a long-term "slow bull" market in equities and optimization of the liability side [5] Industry Rotation Strategy - The top five industry indices from the 2025 Annual Industry Scoring Table yielded a cumulative return of 44.8% as of December 23, 2025, outperforming the CSI 300 by 22.2%, with positive excess returns in 11 out of 12 months [6][7] - In a bull market, focusing on industry fundamentals is deemed more important than trading comparisons, with a strategy of identifying and holding onto sectors with strong economic logic being favored over rotation trading [6][7] - Key sectors to watch in 2026 include cyclical and technology sectors, closely aligned with top-level policy themes such as technological self-reliance, domestic demand, and anti-involution [6][7] Automotive Parts Industry - The automotive lightweight trend presents significant opportunities for substituting steel with plastics, as modified plastics are lighter and stronger, making them ideal materials for automotive lightweighting [8] - The increase in the usage of modified plastics serves as a catalyst for this trend [8] - Risks include rising raw material costs and the potential for new material substitution [8]