Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided Core Viewpoints - Short - term bond market is under pressure. If 1.8% is verified as the top level of 10 - year treasury bonds, the bond - bull logic can be maintained. In the medium term, the recovery of risk preference is reflected in the term spread premium, which may reach 50 - 60BP. In September 2025, the bond market may experience a weak recovery [3][9]. - After the stock - bond market desensitizes, the bond market has not recovered. The uncertainty of the public fund liability side still exists, and the bond market is still hovering between adjustment and recovery [3][10]. - After the long - term yield reaches a new high, the sensitivity to fundamental and liquidity positives will increase. The decline of government bond net financing scale will promote the return of allocation - disk power and the stabilization of the bond market [3][13]. - Liquidity is still loose. The short - term yield has slightly increased, and there is still room for a central decline if the policy rate is cut [4][15]. - The term spread has fully priced the change in risk preference. The bond's allocation value has emerged, and the probability of extreme compression of the term spread is low [4][24]. Summary by Directory 1 Bond Pricing in the "Three Spreads" - **Short - and Medium - Term Market Outlook**: Short - term bond market is under pressure. Verifying the top level of 10 - year treasury bonds can maintain the bond - bull logic. In the medium term, the term spread premium may reach 50 - 60BP, and the bond market in September may have a weak recovery [3][9]. - **Current Bond Market Situation**: After the stock - bond desensitization, the bond market sentiment has not recovered. The uncertainty of the public fund liability side exists, and the bond market is in adjustment and recovery [10]. - **Long - Term Yield and Market Reaction**: After the long - term yield reaches a new high, the sensitivity to positives increases. The decline of government bond net financing will promote market stabilization [13]. - **Liquidity Analysis**: Liquidity is loose. The short - term yield has increased slightly, and there is room for a central decline if the policy rate is cut [4][15]. - **Measurement of Risk Preference Pricing**: - The spread between inter - bank certificates of deposit and funds is at the upper edge of the fluctuation range [4][17]. - The spread between ultra - long - term and long - term bonds is fully priced, and the long - short spread is close to the historical center [4][19]. - The adjustment of credit spread is relatively lagged and is protected by defensive strategies and wealth - management allocation disks [22]. - **Conclusion**: The term spread has fully priced the change in risk preference. The bond's allocation value has emerged, and the probability of extreme compression of the term spread is low [24].

Report Summary 1. Investment Rating The report maintains a cautiously optimistic view on the stock index futures market [2]. 2. Core View Last week, the market regained its upward momentum, with the growth style showing excess performance. The core drivers of the rise were the stable policy environment after the early - month adjustment, positive news, increased dovish expectations from the Federal Reserve overseas, and improved risk appetite. Looking ahead, this week, the release of domestic economic data and the Federal Reserve's interest - rate decision will be key events. The potential resistance for the market approaching the phased high lies in regulatory risks. Without further risk - prevention actions, the market is expected to maintain a bullish pattern [1][2]. 3. Summary by Directory Market Review and Outlook - **Global Stock Index Performance**: Last week, most global stock indexes rose. In the US, the Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 0.95%, the S&P 500 rose 1.59%, and the Nasdaq rose 2.03%. In Europe, the UK's FTSE 100 rose 0.82%, Germany's DAX rose 0.43%, and France's CAC 40 rose 1.96%. In the Asia - Pacific market, the Nikkei 225 rose 4.07% and the Hang Seng Index rose 3.82% [8]. - **Domestic Index Performance**: Since 2025, major domestic indexes have risen. Last week, all major domestic indexes also showed an upward trend. In terms of sectors, electronics, real estate, and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery led the gains, while comprehensive, banking, and petroleum and petrochemical sectors led the losses [1][8]. - **Factors Affecting the Market**: Positive factors include stable policy, positive news, improved geopolitical expectations, and stable US inflation data. Potential risks include regulatory risks [1][2]. Strategy Recommendations - **Short - term Strategy**: For intraday trading, refer to the 1 - minute and 5 - minute K - line charts. Set stop - loss and take - profit levels for IF, IH, IC, and IM at 76/95 points, 58/31 points, 66/121 points, and 84/142 points respectively [4]. - **Trend Strategy**: Adopt a bullish approach but avoid over - chasing. The core operating ranges for IF2509, IH2509, IC2509, and IM2509 are 4388 - 4614 points, 2915 - 3050 points, 6911 - 7374 points, and 7129 - 7609 points respectively [4]. - **Cross - variety Strategy**: Try the strategy of shorting IF (or IH) and going long on IC (or IM) [5]. Spot Market Review - **Industry Performance in Indexes**: In the CSI 300 index, industries showed mixed performance last week, with the information industry rising 6.81% and the pharmaceutical industry falling 1.17%. In the CSI 500 index, most industries rose, with the information industry rising 6.82% [10]. Index Valuation Tracking As of September 5, the price - to - earnings ratios (TTM) of the Shanghai Composite Index, CSI 300 Index, SSE 50 Index, CSI 500 Index, and CSI 1000 Index were 16.36 times, 13.98 times, 11.81 times, 33.25 times, and 46.19 times respectively [20][21]. Market Fundamentals Review - **Margin Trading Balance**: The balance of margin trading in the two markets and the share of newly established equity - biased funds are presented in the report. - **Funding Rates and Central Bank Operations**: Last week, funding rates declined, and the central bank had a net injection of funds [22].

Core Viewpoint - The key driving factors for the innovative drug market this year can be summarized as "policy support + performance realization + risk appetite" [1] Performance Realization - The basic premise for performance realization is the surge in licensing transactions, known as BD, where innovative drug companies sell their intellectual property, creating significant potential for future performance release [1] - The supply-demand relationship is driven by the "patent cliff" faced by large pharmaceutical companies in the U.S., where the expiration of patents leads to a surge in generic drugs, causing a sharp decline in revenues for these companies [1][2] - Chinese biopharmaceutical companies have accumulated a wealth of innovative drug patents since 2016, which can be sold to U.S. companies, forming a complementary supply-demand relationship [2] - Many innovative drugs are not sold domestically due to high R&D costs and initial high prices, leading companies to sell their intellectual property to recover initial investments [2] Policy Support - Two significant policies are highlighted: the inclusion of 37 expensive innovative drugs into commercial insurance, which may eventually lead to inclusion in national insurance, and the expedited review and approval process for clinical trials, reducing the timeline to 30 working days [3] - These policies are expected to shorten the R&D cycle for pharmaceutical companies, allowing for quicker capital recovery and potentially extending the lifecycle of their products [3] Risk Appetite - The stock market has shown a "slow bull" trend since mid-June, which has positively influenced the risk appetite for the innovative drug sector [3][4] - The innovative drug index has seen a 98% increase this year, with the sustained risk appetite contributing to the continuation of this trend [4] Investment Opportunities - Current main areas for BD licensing include dual antibodies and ADC, while AI drug development and gene therapy are seen as potential hotspots [4] - Investors are advised to consider ETFs for exposure, with options for high elasticity or stable investments available [4]

Core Viewpoint - The latest employment report has underperformed expectations, increasing Wall Street's confidence that the Federal Reserve will lower interest rates this month, while also raising concerns about the economic outlook [1] Group 1: Economic Indicators - The upcoming week will see the release of the last inflation indicator before the Federal Reserve's meeting, which may influence future policy expectations and impact risk appetite [1] - The performance of major technology stocks is expected to be particularly affected by this inflation data [1]

Core Viewpoint - The C-REITs market experienced fluctuations in August, with a total market capitalization of 218.8 billion yuan and a decline in the China Securities REITs Total Return Index by 2.61% [2][3][7]. Market Performance - The China Securities REITs Total Return Index showed a downward trend in early August, followed by a rebound towards the end of the month, closing at 1073.33 [3]. - The average daily turnover in August was 696 million yuan, reflecting a 15% increase month-on-month, with an average turnover rate of 0.70% [3][15]. Sector Analysis - The data center sector saw a significant increase of 36.55%, while the rental housing sector led the decline with a drop of 5.45% due to rising long-term interest rates [3]. - The valuation pressure across various sectors has eased, with the spreads between different sectors and the 10-year government bond yields showing mixed trends [4]. Investment Opportunities - There are potential investment opportunities in high-quality projects that have seen price corrections, particularly in sectors with strong fundamentals such as rental housing and municipal environmental protection [5]. - The market is advised to focus on projects with stable tenant structures and those that have shown marginal stability in fundamentals [5]. Risk Appetite and Market Sentiment - The market's risk appetite appears to be contracting, as indicated by the fluctuations in major asset classes and the performance of the C-REITs index [4]. - The performance of the C-REITs market is closely linked to the broader capital market sentiment, which may influence future stability and recovery [4].

Core Viewpoint - HSBC maintains a "risk-on" stance for the last four months of 2025, recommending an overweight position in high-yield bonds and equities, particularly favoring U.S. stocks [1] Economic Recovery - The U.S. economy shows clear signs of accelerated recovery, with Q2 GDP revised to an annualized growth rate of 3.3%, supported mainly by consumer spending [2] - High-frequency macro and micro data continue to improve, contrasting with market expectations, which supports HSBC's risk-on stance [2] - However, inflation pressures are a concern, with core PCE inflation rising to 2.9% in July, the highest since February [2] Hawkish Risks - Despite potential rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, market expectations for future policy are considered overly dovish, with projections indicating about 5.5 rate cuts by December 2026 [3] - If hawkish risks materialize, it may not negatively impact risk assets, as strong economic data could be interpreted positively by the market [3] Positive Outlook on Risk Assets - HSBC remains positive on high-yield bonds and equities, particularly U.S. stocks, citing factors such as the widespread application of AI and signs of economic recovery supporting sensitive sectors [4] - The S&P 500 index is expected to see further gains, while small-cap stocks (Russell 2000) are currently viewed as less attractive [4] Corporate Earnings and AI Impact - Q2 earnings for the S&P 500 exceeded expectations, with an 81% beat rate and a year-over-year growth rate of 11.9%, marking three consecutive quarters of double-digit growth [5] - AI has significantly impacted corporate performance, with 44 S&P 500 companies achieving a 1.5% reduction in operating costs and a 24% increase in efficiency through AI applications [5] Market Sentiment and Fund Flows - Current market sentiment shows a moderate sell signal, but the likelihood of a significant short-term pullback is low due to a lack of fundamental triggers [6] - Risk asset inflows are slowly recovering, which is expected to support risk assets [6]

Market Overview - In August, driven by a series of policies, market risk appetite increased, leading the Shanghai Composite Index to break a 10-year high, with a continued stock-bond seesaw effect [1][25] - Bond funds and deposits from residents and enterprises flowed into higher-yielding non-bank sectors, suppressing bond market sentiment, while the 10-year government bond yield exceeded 1.8% [1][25] - The average daily trading volume of government bond futures in August was 417,000 contracts, a month-on-month increase of 39.41% [5] Economic Indicators - Domestic real estate investment, sales, and price declines continued to expand, indicating weak demand [1][25] - The central bank is expected to continue implementing a moderately loose monetary policy to maintain reasonable liquidity in the market, which will provide some support for the bond market, especially for short-term government bond futures [1][25] Bond Market Dynamics - The bond market is experiencing a shift as funds continue to flow into non-bank sectors, which may lead to further weakening of government bond futures prices [1][25] - The Ministry of Finance has resumed the collection of value-added tax on government bonds and financial bonds, which may increase the tax burden on new bonds and widen the price differences across varieties [1][25] Financing and Supply - As of the end of August, the bond market's outstanding scale exceeded 191.71 trillion yuan, with net financing of 17,571 billion yuan in August, maintaining a high level [18] - The government is expected to continue high levels of bond financing, with a cumulative increase of 10.2 trillion yuan in government and local government bonds by August [21] Future Outlook - The report anticipates that the seesaw effect between stocks and bonds will continue, with bond market sentiment likely to remain suppressed as funds flow into higher-yielding sectors [1][25] - The central bank's monetary policy will play a crucial role in stabilizing the economy and supporting the bond market amid external uncertainties and domestic demand weaknesses [1][25]

Core Viewpoint - Wall Street's risk appetite remains strong in September despite recent market fluctuations, driven by expectations of Federal Reserve rate cuts, resilient consumer spending, and ongoing momentum in artificial intelligence [2][4]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - The S&P 500 index has recorded gains for four consecutive months, indicating a robust summer market despite a slight dip in recent trading [2]. - A cross-asset momentum indicator maintained by Societe Generale has approached bullish thresholds multiple times since April, reflecting strong market sentiment [2]. - Major asset classes are experiencing low implied volatility, with current levels at a near four-year low, contrasting sharply with previous market turbulence [3]. Group 2: Investor Sentiment - Institutional investors increased stock purchases in August, particularly hedge funds and commodity trading advisors, as market volatility decreased [5]. - Investors are showing confidence in the market, believing that tariff impacts are less severe than initially feared, bolstered by solid economic fundamentals [3][4]. - Despite concerns about market concentration and potential risks from rising interest rates, many investors remain committed to their positions, viewing the market's resilience as a calculated response rather than blind optimism [6][7]. Group 3: Sector Rotation and Strategy - Some investors are cautiously rotating assets into less prominent sectors, such as small-cap stocks, anticipating benefits from the Fed's potential easing policies [7]. - There is a focus on obtaining stable returns while remaining flexible in response to changing market conditions, particularly in light of unpredictable long-term interest rate trends [7].

Report Information - Report Title: "Research on Major Asset Classes Isn't Complicated: The Second Lesson from a Decade of Research" [1] - Report Date: August 29, 2025 [1] - Analyst: Liu Yu [5] Report Industry Investment Rating - Not mentioned in the report. Core Viewpoints - Different major asset classes have unique risk - return characteristics, and these characteristics change over time. Therefore, investors should regularly re - evaluate these features, select high - quality assets, and aim for beta returns by avoiding frequent timing and trading [2][13] - The pricing of stocks, bonds, and gold can be unified within a framework of liquidity, risk preference, and institutional behavior. Understanding these factors helps in analyzing asset price trends and making investment decisions [3] Summary by Directory 1. What is a Good Asset? - Asset characteristics can be evaluated using the risk - return ratio, which combines return and volatility. Assets with high returns and low volatility are considered good assets [11][12] - Historically, gold has shown an upward trend, and the domestic bond market has been in a long - term bull market since 2018, both providing good holding experiences. The domestic stock market is range - bound, making timing crucial for investors [12] - In 2025 from January to July, due to factors such as US tariff policies and the entry of market - stabilizing funds, the risk - return ratios of various assets changed significantly. Gold's ratio increased, domestic equities improved, and pure - bond indices deteriorated [2][12] 2. The Unified Framework for Major Asset Classes - Asset price movements have three phases: rising, falling, and sideways. The key to research and investment is to find the inflection points between these phases. The pricing of stocks, bonds, and gold can be unified under the framework of liquidity, risk preference, and institutional behavior [3][16] - Liquidity refers to the ease of obtaining funds in the market. Loose monetary policies usually lead to more funds flowing into the capital market, driving up asset prices [3][17] - Risk preference reflects investors' expectations and confidence in the future. It is influenced by economic fundamentals and policy expectations, and has a significant impact on asset pricing [18][19] - Institutional behavior affects the market in two ways: strengthening short - term trends and having a structural impact on specific sectors [4][20] 3. Equities: Risk Preference is Key - Stock market pricing can be simply measured by the price - earnings ratio, and risk preference is a crucial factor. High risk preference leads to more optimistic pricing, while low risk preference can cause prices to fall [21] - The balance of margin trading can be used to measure market risk preference. An increase in the balance indicates rising risk preference, and vice versa [21] - The driving factors for risk preference in the stock market include corporate earnings and policy expectations. Different driving factors require different investment strategies [26][31] 4. Bonds: Monetary Policy is the Lifeline - The main ways to obtain returns in the bond market are through coupon payments, leverage, and duration. Monetary policy and the money market are vital for the bond market [33][35] - The net lending scale of the banking system can be used to judge the stability of the money market. Policy changes and institutional behavior can also have a significant impact on the bond market [35][40] 5. Gold: De - dollarization is the Main Line - Gold is globally priced. Its price is affected by global liquidity, risk preference, and institutional behavior, especially the gold - buying behavior of central banks [46] - Historically, gold was negatively correlated with the real US dollar interest rate. However, since 2020, the relationship has become positive, indicating a change in the pricing logic due to the de - dollarization process [46][50] - As the de - dollarization trend continues, central banks' increased gold purchases support the price of gold, and gold is expected to benefit from this trend [50][52]

Market Performance - A-shares led global equity markets with the Shanghai Composite Index rising by 3.49% and the ChiNext Index increasing by 5.85%[4] - The implied volatility of the 50ETF rose to 19.78%, indicating increased market uncertainty[4] - The Dow Jones reached a new high with a gain of 1.53%, while the Nasdaq experienced a slight decline of 0.58%[4] Bond Market Insights - The 30-year government bond futures fell by 1.43%, reflecting significant adjustments in the domestic bond market[4] - The negative correlation between stocks and bonds reached a historical high, highlighting the "see-saw effect" in market dynamics[4] Commodity Trends - International commodities showed strength, with Brent crude oil up by 2.14% and COMEX gold rising by 1.02%, driven by geopolitical risks and inflation hedging[4] - Domestic commodity prices generally declined, with the South China Commodity Index down by 0.44%[4] Currency Movements - The US dollar index decreased by 0.13%, while the offshore RMB appreciated by 0.24%[4] Asset Allocation Recommendations - For bonds, focus on high-grade credit bonds and adjust duration flexibly in a low-risk environment[5] - In overseas equities, consider opportunities in interest-sensitive sectors due to limited short-term rebound potential for the dollar[5] - For A-shares, maintain an overweight position in technology growth sectors, particularly electronics and AI hardware[5] Risk Factors - Key risks include policy adjustments, market volatility, geopolitical shocks, economic data validation risks, and liquidity transmission risks[6]