宏观研究 证 券 研 究 报 告 【宏观快评】1 月通胀数据点评 PPI 同比转正时点或提前 主要观点 ❖ 1 月份通胀数据述评：整体趋势继续改善 PPI 环比上涨 0.4%，连续四个月上涨。环比来看，全国统一大市场建设带动 部分行业价格上涨（水泥、锂电池、光伏设备和元器件、基础化学原料、黑色 冶炼加工），AI 和节前备货需求增长带动相关行业价格上涨（计算机电子、工 业美术用品、农副食品加工），输入性因素影响国内石油相关行业价格下降、 有色相关行业价格上涨。 本月是基期轮换后的首次数据发布。基期轮换后，调查分类目录、调查网点和 代表规格品、权数等均有小幅变动。但根据统计局的测算，本次基期轮换对 CPI 和 PPI 各月同比指数的影响平均约为 0.06 和 0.08 个百分点，总体较小。 ❖ PPI 同比转正时点或提前 PPI 同比在今年三季度转正的概率较大，主要考虑以下三个因素： 第一，中游供需持续改善带来的价格止跌企稳的时点或已提前。在前期报告 中，我们基于 2015-2016 年、2019-2020 年的经验，即从中游装备制造业的供 给增速首次低于需求增速到价格环比止跌回升，大约历时 6-7 个季度。据此 ...

Core Viewpoint - The overall trend of inflation in January continues to improve, with CPI year-on-year dropping from 0.8% to 0.2% and core CPI from 1.2% to 0.8%, primarily due to the Spring Festival timing effect, while PPI year-on-year narrowed from -1.9% to -1.4% [2][7]. Group 1: CPI Analysis - CPI year-on-year decreased from 0.8% to 0.2%, mainly influenced by the Spring Festival timing effect, which resulted in a high base from the previous year [14]. - Food prices year-on-year fell from 1.1% to -0.7%, while energy prices dropped from -3.8% to -5% [15]. - Core CPI year-on-year decreased from 1.2% to 0.8%, with core goods prices rising from 2.5% to 2.6%, marking a continuous expansion for nine months [15][19]. Group 2: PPI Analysis - PPI month-on-month increased by 0.4%, marking the fourth consecutive month of growth, while the year-on-year decline narrowed from -1.9% to -1.4% [23][24]. - The increase in PPI is driven by the construction of a unified national market, which has led to price increases in certain industries such as cement and lithium batteries [24]. - Input factors, including overseas monetary easing and demand from the AI industry, have contributed to the price increases in the non-ferrous metal sector, while oil-related prices have decreased [10][24]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The probability of PPI turning positive year-on-year is expected to increase in the third quarter of this year, driven by continuous improvement in midstream supply and demand [4][8]. - The new price factors for PPI are expected to elevate the overall PPI index, with projections for Q1 to Q4 being approximately -1.2%, -0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.2% respectively [5][10]. - The impact of input factors and technical factors is anticipated to support the stabilization of PPI prices earlier than previously expected [10].

Group 1: PPI Trends and Influences - Domestic PPI has been in a downward trend from 2022 to 2025, primarily due to insufficient domestic demand, with real estate investment contributing over 60% to the decline[6] - The core logic behind the PPI decline is not merely supply imbalance but rather weak domestic demand, particularly in the real estate sector[6] - The PPI is expected to turn positive in Q2 2026, with significant contributions from rising commodity prices, particularly iron ore, crude oil, coal, copper, silicon, and lithium carbonate[51] Group 2: Commodity Price Dynamics - Since the second half of 2025, international and domestic commodity prices have begun a significant upward trend, driven by a depreciating dollar and increased structural demand from sectors like AI and renewable energy[2] - Key industrial metals such as copper and aluminum have seen price increases of 18.51% and 45.78% respectively since early 2025, while lithium carbonate prices surged by 93%[27] - The financial environment for commodities has improved due to a weakening dollar, which historically correlates with rising commodity prices[34] Group 3: Sector Contributions to PPI - The contribution of various sectors to PPI has shifted, with energy, resources, and high-end manufacturing gaining pricing power, while traditional real estate has diminished[1] - Eight key industries, including non-ferrous metallurgy and chemical manufacturing, now account for approximately 70% of the overall PPI pricing influence[14] - In the latter half of 2025, the month-on-month PPI growth was driven significantly by non-ferrous metallurgy, contributing 15.40% to the increase[15]

Core Viewpoint - The report from Shenwan Hongyuan indicates that the current "Bull Market 1.0" is at a high point, with insufficient long-term cost-effectiveness in the technology sector. The technology structural bull market of 2025 is part of this phase, and a potential peak may occur in the spring of 2026 [1][2]. Group 1: Market Phases - The "Bull Market 1.0" is characterized by high resistance to further upward movement, with cyclical trends still in a "running ahead" phase. The conditions for the initiation of "Bull Market 2.0" are not yet complete [2][4]. - The current A-share AI industry chain is compared to previous market phases, indicating a state of "ongoing industry trend with small fluctuations and long-term low cost-effectiveness." Future movements are expected to be divided into "high-level oscillation" and "adjustment" phases [2][3]. Group 2: High-Level Oscillation Phase - In the high-level oscillation phase, it becomes increasingly difficult to earn valuation gains, and new industry catalysts or sustained high growth in performance are less likely to lead to upward breakthroughs. This phase typically lasts at a quarterly level [3][4]. - The adjustment phase is usually triggered by intermediate disturbances in industry trends, which do not signify the end of the structural bull market but may lead to reasonable adjustments [3][4]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities - Short-term opportunities in technology growth are expected to arise from small rebounds, focusing on sectors with new catalysts and significant industry space, particularly in energy storage and storage solutions [4][5]. - The report emphasizes the importance of focusing on Alpha logic in both cyclical and technology investments, with a particular interest in sectors like basic chemicals, industrial metals, innovative pharmaceuticals, and national defense [5]. Group 4: 2026 Outlook - The spring of 2026 is anticipated to be a potential peak, but it is unlikely to represent the highest point of the entire bull market. The market is expected to face three challenges: long-term low cost-effectiveness in technology, intermediate disturbances in industry trends, and the conditions for "Bull Market 2.0" not being mature yet [4][5]. - The report suggests that the A-share market will continue to see mid-term gains from cyclical improvements, asset allocation shifts towards equities, and China's increasing global influence [5].

Group 1: Macroeconomic Insights - The report discusses the potential for PPI to turn positive, with September CPI at -0.3%, PPI at -2.3%, and expectations for both being slightly negative [5][9][12] - Core CPI has shown a seasonal decline, with September's core CPI remaining at 0%, marking the first time since April 2025 that it fell below seasonal expectations [10][11] - The report anticipates that if PPI remains at 0% from October 2025 onward, the average PPI for 2026 could be around -0.7% [14] Group 2: Electronic Industry Insights - The report highlights the acceleration of commercialization in domestic AI hardware, focusing on the synergy of computing power, storage, and operational capacity [18][19] - The demand for Scaleup and Scaleout hardware is expected to grow significantly, with the global market for Scaleup exchange chips projected to reach nearly $18 billion by 2030, with a CAGR of approximately 28% from 2022 to 2030 [19] - The report identifies a low domestic production rate for operational hardware, indicating a significant opportunity for domestic replacements in the market [21] Group 3: Robotics Industry Insights - The report introduces Figure03, a humanoid robot designed for mass production, emphasizing safety and comfort in home environments [23][24] - Figure03 features advanced capabilities such as tactile sensors for stable operation in limited visibility environments and supports wireless charging for continuous operation [24][25] - The report notes that Figure aims to produce over 100,000 units within four years, with a projected valuation of nearly $40 billion, supported by significant investments from major tech companies [24][26]