Group 1 - The article discusses the monitoring framework for the economic impact of tariffs in the U.S., focusing on trade, prices, and risks [6] - It highlights the significant effects of tariffs on the Producer Price Index (PPI) and the support for the core Consumer Price Index (CPI) due to improved consumer demand [18] - The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to address "involution" in various industries, identifying sectors that may be caught in this competitive spiral [8][27] Group 2 - The analysis of April economic data indicates a transition from strong "old forces" to a recovery phase for "new forces" in the economy [15] - The article points out the challenges in service consumption recovery, which is facing a supply-demand dilemma beyond just income factors [11] - It notes the differentiation in shipping prices and the stable operation of industrial production, alongside improvements in infrastructure construction [24]

Deep Dive - The article discusses a monitoring framework for assessing the economic impact of tariffs in the U.S., focusing on three main modules: trade, prices, and risks [6]. Hot Topics - The concept of "anti-involution" is introduced, highlighting the government's new approach to address "involution-style" competition, identifying industries potentially caught in this phenomenon [8]. - The article examines the blind spots affecting consumer recovery, noting that while goods consumption is returning to normal, service consumption faces supply-demand challenges [11]. Economic Data Review - The analysis indicates that the previous strong "old forces" in the economy are entering a decline phase, while "new forces" continue to build momentum for recovery [15]. - The fiscal data review suggests that there is still room for acceleration in fiscal policy, with tariffs significantly impacting PPI, but improving consumer demand providing substantial support for core CPI [18]. High-Frequency Tracking - The article reports on the recent U.S. CPI data, which was weaker than market expectations, while retail sales showed stronger performance [20]. - Domestic industrial production remains stable, with improvements in infrastructure projects, although shipping prices are showing divergent trends [24]. Policy Insights - The article outlines recent policy measures aimed at maintaining fair competition in the market and addressing "involution-style" competition [27]. Top Charts - The discussion on the "irreplaceability" of Chinese manufacturing highlights certain phenomena that demonstrate this characteristic [29].

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Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for "anti-involution" measures in various industries due to increasing competition and supply-demand imbalances, particularly in the context of government policies aimed at fostering a more sustainable and efficient market environment [1][2][20]. Group 1: Reasons for Emphasizing "Anti-Involution" - The industrial sector in China is facing significant supply-demand imbalances, highlighted by a decline in capacity utilization and persistent negative growth in the Producer Price Index (PPI), which has been negative for 31 consecutive months as of April 2025 [2][8]. - Capacity utilization rates have dropped from 77.7% in Q3 2021 to 75.1% in Q1 2025, indicating underutilization of resources [2][8]. - Local governments are increasingly competing for investment, leading to "involution" in certain sectors, characterized by concentrated efforts in similar industries, aggressive policy competition, and a lack of sustainable project management mechanisms [2][14]. Group 2: Industries with Potential "Involution" Competition - The focus of the "anti-involution" policy is on four key industries: photovoltaic, e-commerce, automotive, and steel, with measures including industry regulations, anti-monopoly enforcement, and capacity adjustments [3][22]. - Based on data indicators, industries such as black metal smelting, electrical machinery, and non-metallic products are identified as having a high degree of "involution" competition due to low capacity utilization and negative PPI growth [4][24]. - Other industries potentially affected include coal mining, automotive manufacturing, chemical raw materials, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, which exhibit similar characteristics of "involution" [4][47]. Group 3: New Aspects of the Current "Anti-Involution" Measures - The current round of "anti-involution" emphasizes industry self-discipline and market mechanisms, contrasting with previous supply-side reforms that focused primarily on traditional heavy industries [5][49]. - There is a stronger emphasis on regional collaboration and technological upgrades, aiming to create a differentiated and complementary industrial development structure while promoting high-quality growth [6][49]. - The government aims to eliminate outdated capacity and improve inefficient production through targeted policies that leverage digital and green technologies [6][49].

宏 观 研 究 "反内卷"系列 2025 年 05 月 20 日 "反内卷"的新意？ ——"反内卷"系列专题之一 2025 年政府工作报告明确提出"综合整治'内卷式'竞争"；哪些行业可能存在"内卷 式"竞争，本轮"反内卷"有何不同？本文系统分析，可供参考。 ⚫ 为何当前时点强调"反内卷"？产能利用率与 PPI 双重承压，地方招商引资竞争加剧 当前我国工业领域面临供需失衡压力攀升，突出表现为产能利用率与价格体系的双重承压。 截至 2025 年 4 月，PPI 已连续 31 个月同比负增长，仅短于 2012-2016 年时期。工业产 能利用率自 2021 年三季度的 77.7%持续回落，2025 年一季度降至 75.1%。 同时，近年来各地招商引资竞争加剧，或助长部分领域"内卷式"竞争。国研院调查研究 报告显示，目前地方招商"内卷化"主要表现为四"集中"：一是集中在相同产业领域进 行招商；二是集中比拼政策优惠力度；三是集中在"大项目""大企业""全产业链"方 面招商；四是集中在"招项目"的环节上发力，"管项目"方面缺少可持续性机制。 在此背景下，2024 年底以来，政府和业界越发重视"反内卷"。2024 年中央政 ...

Economic Resilience and Growth - China's economy demonstrated significant resilience in April amidst a complex international environment, with multiple core indicators showing positive changes, indicating both resilience and structural breakthroughs [1] Consumer Trends - There is a noticeable recovery in consumption and an upgrade in service consumption, with retail sales of consumer goods showing a significant year-on-year growth, particularly in communication equipment and home appliances, which saw growth rates exceeding 19% and 13% respectively [3] - The trend towards green and smart products is evident, driven by policies such as trade-in programs, and offline consumption in leisure and dining sectors is also on the rise, reflecting an increasing attractiveness of the Chinese consumer market globally [3] Industrial Growth - Industrial growth is showing resilience, particularly in high-tech industries, with industrial added value and manufacturing growth exceeding 6%. The automotive manufacturing sector, especially in new energy vehicles, has seen remarkable growth [5] - Despite a decline in international commodity prices, the price drop in certain sectors is narrowing, indicating strong investment in infrastructure and equipment renewal, supported by a significant increase in local government bond issuance [5] Foreign Trade Dynamics - Foreign trade resilience is evident, with structural optimization occurring despite U.S. tariffs. Exports exceeded market expectations, particularly to ASEAN and India, while the share of exports to the U.S. is declining [7] - Policies supporting trade diversification have been effective, with integrated circuit exports showing a year-on-year growth of over 20% [7] Price Stability and Financial Environment - Overall price levels and the financial environment remain stable, with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) showing a shift from decline to increase in April, and core CPI remaining stable [9] - The financing scale in April indicates that net financing of government bonds has become a major driving force, with measures such as reserve requirement ratio cuts injecting long-term liquidity into the economy [9] Future Outlook - The economic data from April suggests that new momentum is being cultivated amidst challenges, with a focus on boosting confidence, expanding domestic demand, and enhancing innovation to transform external pressures into opportunities for upgrading the economy [9]

Group 1: CPI and PPI Analysis - In April 2025, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, remaining unchanged from the previous month[11] - The CPI increased by 0.1% month-on-month, reversing a previous decline of 0.4%[12] - Energy prices fell by 4.8% year-on-year, with gasoline prices dropping by 10.4%, contributing approximately 0.38 percentage points to the CPI decline[13] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) decreased by 2.7% year-on-year, with the decline widening by 0.2 percentage points compared to the previous month[11] Group 2: Economic Implications and Policy Outlook - The low inflation environment provides room for policy adjustments, with both monetary and fiscal policies expected to be more proactive[4] - The decline in oil prices has led to a decrease in domestic prices across related industries, impacting overall economic stability[4] - The core CPI, excluding food and energy, rose by 0.5%, indicating stable demand despite the overall CPI decline[14] - The report suggests that the current economic conditions allow for a more aggressive macroeconomic policy response to external uncertainties[30] Group 3: Risks and Market Considerations - Potential risks include worsening geopolitical events, changes in international financial conditions, and unexpected shifts in US-China policies[5] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring external factors that could impact domestic economic performance and inflation trends[30]

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Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the current economic situation, focusing on the CPI and PPI data for March, indicating a slight improvement in CPI but a continued decline in PPI, suggesting ongoing deflationary pressures in the economy [1][4][5] - In March, the CPI year-on-year was -0.1%, an improvement from -0.7% in the previous month, while the PPI year-on-year was -2.5%, down from -2.2% [1][4] - The simulated deflation index, based on the weighted contributions of CPI and PPI, is approximately -1.06%, indicating a persistent low price level since October of the previous year [1][4] Group 2 - Energy and food prices are identified as the main contributors to the downward trend in inflation, with core CPI showing zero growth month-on-month in March [1][2] - Pork prices have been in a downward adjustment cycle since late January, and fuel prices for transportation have also decreased significantly [1][6] - Positive signals in CPI include a 2.8% month-on-month increase in household appliance prices, stabilization in the rental market, and seasonal increases in alcohol prices post-holiday [1][6][7] Group 3 - The PPI in March showed a month-on-month decline of 0.4%, with oil and coal prices being the primary downward forces [2][7] - The article notes that the impact of global trade tariffs is expected to continue affecting commodity prices, which will have implications for future CPI and PPI [2][8] - The government has emphasized the importance of price stability, with recent policies aimed at strengthening price governance mechanisms [3][9] Group 4 - Historical experience suggests that in response to external shocks like tariffs, policies typically focus first on stabilizing liquidity before addressing the fundamental economic conditions [10] - The central bank has indicated readiness to provide sufficient re-lending support to stabilize liquidity, which is seen as a "expectation anchor" for the market [10] - Key areas of focus for economic resilience include consumer spending, real estate investment, and maintaining supply-demand balance and profit margins in the corporate sector [10]