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银河期货每日早盘观察-20260326
Yin He Qi Huo· 2026-03-26 01:46
1. Report Industry Investment Rating The provided content does not mention the industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report The report analyzes the market conditions of various futures products, including financial derivatives, agricultural products, black metals, non - ferrous metals, shipping and carbon emissions, and energy chemicals. It is affected by multiple factors such as geopolitical conflicts (especially the US - Iran conflict), supply and demand relationships, and policy changes. The market trends of different products are diverse, with some showing upward trends, some in a volatile state, and others facing downward pressure[5][7][9]. 3. Summary by Catalog Financial Derivatives - **Stock Index Futures**: The rebound momentum of ultra - oversold stocks weakened. The market continued to rise widely, but the trading volume did not increase, indicating limited incremental funds. Future stock index trends are still likely to fluctuate. Suggested strategies include grid operation for single - side trading, and IM/IC long 2609 + short ETF for arbitrage[19][20]. - **Treasury Bond Futures**: There is still external uncertainty, and the bond market fluctuated in a narrow range. In the short term, there is a lack of substantial bullish drivers for the bond market to strengthen unilaterally, but there is also certain support. It is recommended to wait and see for single - side trading, and to hold a short position in the 30Y - 7Y term spread after partial profit - taking[23][24]. Agricultural Products - **Protein Meal**: The supply pressure is large, and the market is under pressure. The overseas market has fluctuations, and the domestic fundamentals suggest caution due to the impact of macro and supply factors. It is recommended to place a small number of long positions in the far - month contracts and narrow the MRM09 spread[26][27]. - **Sugar**: International sugar prices are expected to be strong, while domestic sugar prices are expected to follow slightly. It is recommended to go long at low prices and short at high prices for Zhengzhou sugar, and to go long on international sugar and short on Zhengzhou sugar for arbitrage[28][30][31]. - **Edible Oils**: The market is in a high - level shock. The inventory situation is neutral to slightly high, and it is affected by factors such as geopolitical conflicts. It is recommended to wait and see for short - term shocks and consider anti - arbitrage opportunities for p59[33][35][36]. - **Corn/Corn Starch**: The wheat auction price has fallen, and the market is in a weak shock. The external market for corn is expected to be strong in the short term, and the domestic market is expected to be stable in the short term. It is recommended to go long on the callback of the external 05 corn and hold a high - level shock view for the 05 corn, and to narrow the 07 corn - starch spread[36][37][38]. - **Hogs**: The slaughter pressure has increased, and the price has declined. It is recommended to take a short - term bearish view on the near - month contracts and conduct LH79 anti - arbitrage[39][40][41]. - **Peanuts**: The spot is strong, and the market is in a strong shock. It is recommended to go long on the 05 peanuts at low prices and sell the pk605 - P - 7700 option[42][43][44]. - **Eggs**: The demand has recovered, and the price is stable. It is recommended to short the June contract[44][45][46]. - **Apples**: The demand is good, and the price is firm. It is recommended to wait and see for the May contract[47][48][49]. - **Cotton - Cotton Yarn**: The cotton price has strong support at the bottom and is in a shock - upward trend. It is recommended to go long on Zhengzhou cotton at low prices[50][53]. Black Metals - **Steel**: Overseas sentiment affects the futures price, and there is no clear trend. It is recommended to wait and see for single - side trading and short the coil - coal ratio for arbitrage[55][56]. - **Coking Coal and Coke**: The price fluctuates greatly, and the trend is not obvious. It is recommended to wait and see and be cautious about short - term trading[57][58][59]. - **Iron Ore**: The supply is disturbed, and the price is at a high level. It is recommended for spot enterprises to hedge at high prices and conduct 5/9 month - spread anti - arbitrage[60][61]. - **Ferroalloys**: Affected by the sharp fluctuations in crude oil, the price is in a high - level shock. It is recommended to wait and see for arbitrage and sell out - of - the - money put options[62][63]. Non - Ferrous Metals - **Gold and Silver**: The US - Iran negotiation conditions are difficult to reconcile, and the market's optimistic sentiment has declined. It is recommended to consider a range - shock strategy if Shanghai gold and silver can stand above the 120 - day moving average[65][66][68]. - **Platinum and Palladium**: The negotiation is at a stalemate, and the precious metals are in a sideways direction. It is recommended for high - risk - tolerance investors to go long on platinum cautiously and conduct long - platinum and short - palladium arbitrage[71][72]. - **Copper**: Pay attention to the progress of the US - Iran negotiation. The price is in a low - level shock, and it is recommended to wait and see[75][76]. - **Alumina**: Pay attention to the mining policy in Guinea and the Middle East geopolitical conflict. The price is affected by supply and geopolitical factors and is in a shock - weakening trend[78][80]. - **Electrolytic Aluminum**: There is uncertainty in the geopolitical conflict, and the price is in a shock - weakening trend. It is recommended to wait and see[82][85]. - **Cast Aluminum Alloy**: There is uncertainty in the geopolitical conflict. The price is expected to rebound with aluminum prices. It is recommended to wait and see[87][88]. - **Zinc**: Pay attention to the macro and capital sentiment. The price is expected to be in a low - level shock in the short term. It is recommended to wait and see[93]. - **Lead**: The price is in a low - level shock. It is recommended to wait and see[95][96]. - **Nickel**: The short - term price is dominated by the macro. It is recommended to be bullish[97]. - **Stainless Steel**: Supported by cost, it follows the nickel price. It is recommended to be bullish[100][101]. - **Industrial Silicon**: The price reaches the upper limit of the range. It is recommended to short lightly[102][103]. - **Polysilicon**: The demand is weak. It is recommended to take a bearish view[104]. - **Lithium Carbonate**: The low price attracts downstream buyers. It is recommended to be bullish[105][106]. - **Tin**: The price is boosted by the cease - fire expectation. It is recommended to pay attention to the negative impact on tin consumption from the helium blockade[108][112]. Shipping and Carbon Emissions - **Container Shipping**: COSCO resumes bookings to the Middle East, avoiding the Strait of Hormuz. The US - Iran negotiation is still in a game. It is recommended to wait and see[113][115][116]. - **Dry Bulk Freight**: The Middle East geopolitical conflict still exists, and the market is waiting for the result of the US - Iran negotiation. The freight market is affected by multiple factors such as supply and demand and geopolitical situation[116][119]. - **Carbon Emissions**: The Chinese carbon market has dull trading, and the EU carbon market has the March contract delivery. The carbon price in the EU is expected to be in a shock - upward trend in the medium - long term, while the Chinese carbon market is affected by factors such as quota pre - distribution and new - industry inclusion[120][123][125]. Energy Chemicals - **Crude Oil**: The negotiation prospect is unclear, and there is still a supply gap. It is recommended to be bullish at a high level[128][129]. - **Asphalt**: The supply contraction is a reality, and it is necessary to pay attention to the near - term oil price fluctuation risk. It is recommended to hold long positions in the BU2606 contract[130][131]. - **Fuel Oil**: Pay attention to the low - sulfur production reduction and the start - up rhythm of high - sulfur peak - season demand. It is recommended to be in a high - level shock - upward trend and pay attention to the spread between high - and low - sulfur fuel oils[131][133]. - **LPG**: The decline in the external market drives the internal market to weaken. It is recommended to be in a high - level shock - upward trend[135]. - **Natural Gas**: The geopolitical risk is repeated, and the upward trend remains unchanged. It is recommended to sell deep out - of - the - money put options on TTF[138][139][141]. - **PX & PTA**: There is an expected unplanned reduction in supply, and PTA enterprises may be forced to reduce production. It is recommended to wait and see[142][143][144]. - **BZ & EB**: The reduction in refinery load affects the supply of pure benzene, and the benzene import volume has decreased year - on - year. It is recommended to wait and see[147][148]. - **Ethylene Glycol**: The import volume is revised downward. It is recommended to wait and see[149][150]. - **Short - Fiber**: The processing margin fluctuates within a range. It is recommended to wait and see[152]. - **Bottle Chips**: The inventory is continuously decreasing. It is recommended to wait and see[155]. - **Propylene**: The supply is tight. It is recommended to wait and see[157][159]. - **Plastic PP**: The apparent demand for domestic PP has decreased for two consecutive months. It is recommended to wait and see for the L and PP contracts[160][161][162]. - **Caustic Soda**: The price is weakening. It is recommended to wait and see[163][164]. - **PVC**: It is in a strong - shock trend. It is recommended to wait and see[166]. - **Soda Ash**: It is in a high - level shock. It is recommended to short at high levels and sell call options[168][170]. - **Glass**: It is in a shock - downward trend. It is recommended to short at high levels and sell call options[171][173]. - **Methanol**: It is mainly in a rebound trend. It is recommended to wait and see[175]. - **Urea**: It is mainly in a shock trend. It is recommended to wait and see and sell put options on callbacks[179][180]. - **Pulp**: The inventory suppresses the price, and the rebound height is limited. It is recommended to go long at low prices and sell the SP2605 - P - 5100 option[181][183][184]. - **Offset Printing Paper**: The inventory is high, and the upward momentum is weak. It is recommended to short at high prices and sell the OP2604 - C - 4250 option[186][187]. - **Logs**: The price shows mixed trends, with obvious structural differentiation, and the market is generally strong. It is recommended to go long at low prices[187][188][189]. - **Natural Rubber and No. 20 Rubber**: The rainfall in Thailand continues to reduce production. It is recommended to hold long positions in the RU and NR contracts and conduct NR2605 - RU2605 arbitrage[191][192][193]. - **Butadiene Rubber**: The apparent demand for butadiene rubber has decreased. It is recommended to hold long positions in the BR contract and conduct BR2505 - RU2505 arbitrage[195][197].
格林大华期货早盘提示:贵金属-20260326
Ge Lin Qi Huo· 2026-03-26 01:15
1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content provided 2. Core View - The market is highly uncertain in the short - term due to geopolitical influence, and investors are advised to control their positions and prevent risks [2] 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Market Performance - COMEX gold futures rose 2.30% to $4503.30 per ounce, and COMEX silver futures rose 2.70% to $71.44 per ounce. Shanghai gold's main contract rose 1.82% to 1016.92 yuan per gram, and Shanghai silver's main contract rose 2.15% to 18000 yuan per kilogram [1] Important Information - On March 25, the holdings of the world's largest gold ETF - SPDR Gold Trust decreased by 0.572 tons from the previous day, with the current holding at 1052.419 tons. The holdings of the world's largest silver ETF - iShares Silver Trust remained unchanged from the previous day, with the current holding at 15513.67 tons [1] - According to CME's "FedWatch", the probability of the Fed raising interest rates by 25 basis points in April is 5.2%, and the probability of keeping interest rates unchanged is 94.8%. By June, the probability of the Fed raising interest rates by a cumulative 25 basis points is 11.7%, the probability of a cumulative 50 - basis - point increase is 0.4%, and the probability of keeping interest rates unchanged is 87.9% [1] - Putin signed a decree banning the export of gold bars over 100 grams from Russia and restricting the amount of cash rubles carried to the Eurasian Economic Union [1] - Iran's Foreign Minister stated that there is no negotiation with the US and no intention to talk with the US. Iranian officials said that the US's so - called "15 - point cease - fire proposal" is "listing fantasies". Iran said that neither a cease - fire nor negotiations are feasible at the current stage and put forward five conditions for a cease - fire: complete cessation of aggression and assassination, ensuring that war will not be imposed on Iran again, war reparations, end of the war on all fronts and by all resistance organizations, and recognition of Iran's sovereignty over the Strait of Hormuz [1] Market Logic - On Wednesday, the US continued to send negotiation signals but at the same time stepped up troop deployment. Iran denied direct negotiations and responded strongly. ICE Brent crude oil rebounded after hitting a low. The US stock market rose slightly on Wednesday, the 2 - year US Treasury yield at the close was basically the same as on Tuesday, and the US dollar index rose 0.41% to 99.63. COMEX gold and silver both rose and then fell on Wednesday, closing slightly higher than the previous trading day. Recently, the US has shown an intention for peace talks, and oil and gold prices have initially stabilized, but the positions of the US and Iran still need to be reconciled, and the future development needs continuous attention [1] Trading Strategy - Due to geopolitical influence, the market has high short - term uncertainty. Investors should control their positions and prevent risks [2]
中泰期货晨会纪要-20260326
Zhong Tai Qi Huo· 2026-03-26 01:14
Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information about the report industry investment rating in the provided content. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The report provides trend judgments on various futures based on fundamental and quantitative indicators, and analyzes the market conditions and trends of multiple industries such as macro finance, black, non - ferrous and new materials, agriculture, and energy chemicals, offering corresponding trading strategies [2][4]. - The geopolitical situation, especially the US - Iran conflict, has a significant impact on the global financial and commodity markets, affecting the supply, demand, and price trends of various commodities [5][6][7]. Summary by Directory 1. Futures Trend Judgments - **Based on Fundamental Judgments**: Trend空头 includes manganese silicon; Oscillatory and bearish includes eggs, ferrosilicon, polysilicon, red dates, plastics, PVC; Oscillatory includes lithium carbonate, cotton yarn, five - year Treasury bonds, ten - year Treasury bonds, two - year Treasury bonds, thirty - year Treasury bonds, cotton, sugar, pulp, logs, urea, iron ore, caustic soda, hot - rolled coil, rebar, copper, ethylene glycol, PTA, industrial silicon, bottle chips, p - xylene, short - fiber, live pigs, coke, methanol, coking coal, glass, soda ash, liquefied petroleum gas, crude oil, zinc; Oscillatory and bullish includes 20 - number rubber, rubber, synthetic rubber, Shanghai Composite 50 stock index futures, CSI 500 stock index futures, CSI 300 stock index futures, CSI 1000 index futures, fuel oil, asphalt [2]. - **Based on Quantitative Indicators**: Bearish includes coke, coking coal, corn starch, hot - rolled coil, rebar, PVC, soybean No.1; Oscillatory includes Zhengzhou cotton, Shanghai gold, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, Shanghai aluminum, soybean No.2, eggs, asphalt, PTA, plastics, sugar, polypropylene, glass, soybean meal, manganese silicon, methanol, rapeseed meal, palm oil, iron ore; Bullish includes rubber, Shanghai tin, Shanghai copper, corn, Shanghai silver, Shanghai lead, Shanghai zinc [4]. 2. Macro Financial - **Stock Index Futures**: Consider a long - position strategy and pay attention to trading volume. The current position has a certain odds, and short - term winning probability may increase [11]. - **Treasury Bond Futures**: The bond market gradually has odds, and consider a left - side long - position strategy. The yield of bonds over 10 years has odds, but the odds are not thick enough. Keep a steep yield curve thinking, and the yield of bonds under 10 years still has room to decline [12]. 3. Black - **Steel**: The overall short - term trend is oscillatory. The demand for building materials is weak, and the inventory of coils and strips is high, suppressing steel prices. The cost side has strong support, and the iron ore supply and demand are in a double - strong pattern. Suggest holding the short - straddle strategy for steel and iron ore, and then shorting on rallies later [14][15][16]. - **Coking Coal and Coke**: The prices may oscillate strongly in the short term. It is recommended to go long on dips. The prices are affected by the energy substitution logic caused by geopolitical conflicts. Although the supply is sufficient, the procurement willingness of coking enterprises has recovered. If the emotional premium fades, the price may fall back [17]. - **Ferroalloys**: It is recommended to short on rallies. The supply of ferrosilicon and manganese silicon is expected to increase, and the supply - demand relationship is weakening. Although the prices are affected by energy emotions, the fundamental contradictions are accumulating [18]. - **Soda Ash and Glass**: Currently, it is advisable to wait and see. Soda ash supply has slightly declined due to short - term maintenance, and the supply stability of leading enterprises needs attention. Glass supply has both cold - repair and ignition expectations, and the mid - stream inventory needs to be digested [19]. 4. Non - ferrous and New Materials - **Copper**: The short - term price will oscillate widely. The Middle East situation shows signs of easing but remains uncertain. The downstream consumption is warming up, and the inventory is decreasing [21]. - **Zinc**: The inventory has decreased, and the price has stopped falling and rebounded slightly. It is still advisable to adopt an oscillatory and bearish strategy with small price rebounds [22][23]. - **Lithium Carbonate**: It is affected by mine - end disturbances and macro - emotions. If the export of lithium ore from Zimbabwe is still prohibited, it may drive up the price; otherwise, it may cause a short - term supply shock [23][24]. - **Industrial Silicon and Polysilicon**: Industrial silicon oscillates, and it is advisable to pay attention to the opportunity of selling call options after a rebound. Polysilicon oscillates weakly, and the liquidity is insufficient, so operate with caution [25][26]. 5. Agriculture - **Cotton**: The price oscillates at a high level. The cotton market is affected by the surrounding market and the macro - environment. The global cotton production is expected to decline, and the domestic cotton inventory is in the de - stocking stage. The import pressure restricts the price, but the decrease in the expected planting area is beneficial to the price in the long term [27][28]. - **Sugar**: The price oscillates and rebounds. The global sugar supply surplus is expected to decrease, and the domestic sugar has seasonal production pressure, but the import cost supports the price [29][30]. - **Eggs**: The recent consumption recovery supports the price, but the supply pressure is large. The spot price may have limited upside, and the futures price of the near - month contract has upward pressure [32][33]. - **Apples**: High - quality apples may be strong, and the futures price may be strong. The inventory is at a low level in recent years, and the demand during the Tomb - Sweeping Festival boosts the price [34][35]. - **Red Dates**: The current view is oscillatory and bearish. It is in the traditional consumption off - season, and the consumption is difficult to grow significantly without external positive factors [36]. - **Live Pigs**: It is advisable to pay attention to selling out - of - the - money call options of near - month contracts. The supply is strong and the demand is weak, but the live - pig inventory is expected to decrease, and the factors for the price to stabilize and rebound are accumulating [37]. 6. Energy Chemicals - **Crude Oil**: The geopolitical risk has weakened, but the situation is still variable. If the Strait of Hormuz is navigable, the oil price will return to fundamental trading; otherwise, it may rise. The US - Iran conflict is likely to cool down [39]. - **Fuel Oil**: It will follow the oil price and oscillate at a high level. The focus is on the resumption of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz [40]. - **Plastics**: The price is slightly supported by the unstable situation in the Middle East. The upstream production cut is expanding, and the future price depends on the resolution of the war [41]. - **Rubber**: The domestic Yunnan production area has started tapping, and the price is oscillatory and strong in the short term. It is advisable to hold the strategy of narrowing the spread between RU and NR and pay attention to the opportunity of selling put options after full - scale tapping [42]. - **Synthetic Rubber**: The price is driven by the cost side and may have room to rise. It is advisable to wait and see, and pay attention to energy prices and device changes [43]. - **Methanol**: The short - term price is affected by the geopolitical situation in Iran. The long - term supply - demand pattern is improving, but there is great uncertainty. It is not advisable to be overly bearish [44]. - **Caustic Soda**: It is advisable to adopt an intraday wide - range oscillatory strategy. The price is affected by coal prices, supply - side production cuts, and export volume increases, as well as futures premium and inventory accumulation [45][46]. - **Asphalt**: The industry is in a situation of weak supply and demand. The price follows the oil price, and the profit has rebounded [47][48]. - **PVC**: The price may have a callback risk. The core factor is whether the upstream ethylene production cut can continue and expand. If the oil transportation problem is solved, the price may fall rapidly [49]. - **Polyester Industry Chain**: It is advisable to take profit on previous long positions. The cost side is weakening, but the supply contraction provides support. Pay attention to the geopolitical impact, device maintenance progress, and the recovery of polyester demand [50]. - **Liquefied Petroleum Gas**: The geopolitical risk has weakened, but the situation is still variable. If the Strait of Hormuz is navigable, it will return to fundamental trading. It is expected to continue to weaken, but the price may be stronger than that of crude oil [51]. 7. Others - **Paper Pulp**: Pay attention to the impact of the macro and commodity emotions. The import is stable, and the downstream demand is mainly for rigid replenishment. The high inventory and weak demand are in a game with the cost and energy - related production cuts of overseas pulp mills. It is advisable to go long on dips if the market improves [53]. - **Logs**: Pay attention to the macro and commodity emotions. The procurement enthusiasm of processing plants is low, and the fundamentals may stabilize if the demand recovers [54]. - **Urea**: The far - month contract pays attention to cost - driven and agricultural product price increases, and the near - month contract follows the policy. The current supply - demand is balanced, and the impact of the state reserve release needs to be observed [55].
美伊谈判扑朔迷离,能化市场延续震荡整理
Zhong Xin Qi Huo· 2026-03-26 01:13
1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - The geopolitical situation between the US and Iran is uncertain, causing the energy and chemical market to continue to fluctuate. The core factor affecting the current oil price is the geopolitical situation, and the market is in a state of expectation swing. The oil price is expected to fluctuate at a high level, and the chemical products are treated with a fluctuating mindset [1][2]. - The supply and demand of various chemical products are affected by multiple factors, such as geopolitical situation, production reduction, and cost pressure. Most products are expected to show a fluctuating trend in the short - term, and the market is waiting for the geopolitical situation to become clear [2]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Market Views 3.1.1 Crude Oil - **View**: Geopolitical expectations are fluctuating, and oil prices are oscillating at a high level. - **Main Logic**: The geopolitical prospects in the Middle East are still highly uncertain. The crude oil market currently faces a large supply gap. The potential release volume of floating storage in Iran and Russia is relatively limited, and the production reduction pressure of Persian Gulf countries remains. The expected deviation in the future mainly comes from factors such as the progress of the US - Iran conflict, tanker passage in the Strait of Hormuz, and attacks on energy facilities. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [5]. 3.1.2 Asphalt - **View**: The asphalt - fuel oil price difference starts to repair upwards. - **Main Logic**: The geopolitical situation is the core factor affecting the current oil price. The market is worried about the restart of the US - Iran negotiation, and the oil price drops. The asphalt - fuel oil price difference rebounds but is still at a low level. The profit of asphalt refineries deteriorates and then repairs upwards. The reduction of asphalt production by refineries may drive the price difference to rise. The supply of asphalt is expected to further decline, and the inventory pressure is still large. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [6]. 3.1.3 High - Sulfur Fuel Oil - **View**: The geopolitical premium of high - sulfur fuel oil partially declines. - **Main Logic**: The geopolitical situation is the core driver of the current oil price. The market is worried about the restart of the US - Iran negotiation, and the oil price drop drives the high - sulfur fuel oil futures price down. The high import dependence and strong geopolitical attributes of fuel oil are affected by the geopolitical situation in Iran. In the long - term, the demand for high - sulfur fuel oil for power generation in the Middle East is gradually replaced by natural gas and photovoltaics, which is a long - term negative factor. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [6]. 3.1.4 Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil - **View**: Low - sulfur fuel oil follows the decline of crude oil. - **Main Logic**: Low - sulfur fuel oil follows the high - level decline of crude oil. The current market focuses on the progress of the geopolitical situation. Low - sulfur fuel oil has strong main product attributes. During the rise of oil prices, its valuation has been significantly repaired. It faces negative factors such as the decline of shipping demand, green energy substitution, and high - sulfur substitution. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [8]. 3.1.5 Methanol - **View**: Geopolitical conflicts continue, and methanol oscillates within a range. - **Main Logic**: On March 25, 2026, the methanol futures price oscillated weakly. The price in the inland market回调, and the trading atmosphere improved slightly. The inventory of production enterprises and ports decreased. The overseas situation is uncertain, and the market tends to trade the geopolitical premium. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [27]. 3.1.6 Urea - **View**: Urea oscillates and consolidates under the game of long and short positions. - **Main Logic**: On March 25, 2026, urea oscillated and consolidated. The supply is sufficient, and the demand side has a slight loosening of agricultural demand and a moderate recovery of industrial demand. The spot is restricted by policy price limits and commercial storage release. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [28]. 3.1.7 Ethylene Glycol - **View**: The geopolitical situation between the US and Iran continuously disturbs the market sentiment, and ethylene glycol maintains a high - level consolidation. - **Main Logic**: The high - level callback of international oil prices weakens the support for chemical products. The arrival of ethylene glycol at the main port will drop to a low level in early April. The market will continue to oscillate widely, and the reduction of polyester factories' production weakens the upstream demand. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [20]. 3.1.8 PX - **View**: The expectation of the Strait's restart strengthens, and the cost pressure on downstream polyester factories is still significant. - **Main Logic**: The expectation of the end of the US - Iran war and the restart of the Strait suddenly increases, causing a certain callback in international oil prices. The supply of PX in the future is affected by the reduction of domestic and overseas PX device loads. The high price of PX/PTA forces the polyester production reduction expectation to continue to increase, and the demand - side negative feedback suppresses the PX price and efficiency. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [11]. 3.1.9 PTA - **View**: The production reduction of filament is implemented and the amplitude is expanded, weakening the demand support for the upstream. - **Main Logic**: The high - level decline of international oil prices and the callback of PX prices. Although the cost decline drives the downstream polyester sales volume to increase, the current high cost still puts great pressure on polyester factories. The spot inventory is still relatively loose, and the basis has not strengthened significantly. The production reduction of filament factories weakens the upstream demand and increases the difficulty of inventory removal. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [11]. 3.1.10 Short - Fiber - **View**: After the phased centralized procurement, the downstream will observe again. - **Main Logic**: The international oil price fluctuates widely, and the market sentiment strongly games around the geopolitical situation. The polyester raw material price fluctuates in line with the cost. The supply of short - fiber continues to increase, but the downstream trading is average, and most are waiting and seeing. After the phased centralized procurement, the downstream will observe again. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [22]. 3.1.11 Bottle Chip - **View**: The cost volatility intensifies, and the bottle chip follows passively. - **Main Logic**: The upstream cost has a high - level callback, and the polyester bottle chip follows the upstream raw materials to rise and then fall. The overall absolute price change is limited, and the short - term price trend is expected to still follow the upstream cost fluctuation. The current supply and demand of polyester bottle chips are tight, and the overall fundamentals are relatively good. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [24]. 3.1.12 Styrene - **View**: Geopolitics brings positive effects on the supply and demand of styrene, and styrene runs strongly with oscillation. - **Main Logic**: The styrene price is still dominated by the geopolitical situation, with strong repeated disturbances. On the supply side, some devices have new product outputs, and attention should be paid to whether there are new device overhauls or load reductions. On the demand side, the overall downstream profit declines, and the support for the price weakens. There is an expected increase in exports. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [17]. 3.1.13 PE - **View**: The overhaul continues to increase, and PE should be treated with caution. - **Main Logic**: On March 25, the plastic main contract declined, and the market game was intense. The expectation of the possible cooling of the US - Iran situation led to the decline of oil prices. The geopolitical prospects are still highly uncertain. If the Strait of Hormuz is continuously affected, PE imports may decrease. The energy and chemical sentiment is still repeated in the short - term, and the refinery start - up decline still supports the near - month contract. The spot price fluctuates, and the downstream trading is average. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [32]. 3.1.14 PP - **View**: The disturbance of the expectation of geopolitical relaxation confronts the increase of overhauls, and PP oscillates. - **Main Logic**: On March 25, the PP main contract declined. The expectation of the possible cooling of the US - Iran situation led to a sharp decline in oil prices. The geopolitical prospects are still highly uncertain. The direct impact on the import side is limited. The profits of oil - based and PDH in the PP refinery are still under pressure, and the coal - based profit has been significantly repaired. The overall start - up is at a low level, and the PP现货 trading is average. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [33]. 3.1.15 PL - **View**: Geopolitical expectations disturb, and PL oscillates. - **Main Logic**: On March 25, the PL main contract declined. Individual enterprises released propylene, increasing the wait - and - see sentiment of industry players. The enterprise offers were mainly stable, and some prices continued to decline, dragging down the actual transaction price. The short - term powder profit was compressed, and the downstream factory acceptance was limited. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [34]. 3.1.16 PVC - **View**: It is mainly affected by sentiment, and PVC should be treated with caution. - **Main Logic**: At the macro - level, the market is gaming the US - Iran peace negotiation, and the commodity sentiment cools down. At the micro - level, both domestic and overseas production has been reduced, and the PVC inventory has been removed. The overall supply shows a downward trend, the downstream start - up has improved month - on - month, the enthusiasm for chasing up is not high, the overseas price has soared, and the foreign merchants are waiting and seeing. The cost of ethylene - based PVC has increased, and the enterprise is at a loss. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [35]. 3.1.17 Caustic Soda - **View**: The geopolitical sentiment declines, and caustic soda should be treated with caution. - **Main Logic**: At the macro - level, the market is gaming the US - Iran peace negotiation, and the commodity sentiment cools down. At the micro - level, both domestic and overseas production has been reduced, the caustic soda export has improved, and the inventory is expected to be removed. The alumina marginal device profit is poor, the production reduction has been realized, the demand for caustic soda is marginally boosted, the inventory of large alumina factories in Shandong is removed, the non - aluminum start - up season is not in full swing, the enthusiasm for chasing up 32% caustic soda is average, the export orders continue, and the price of 50% caustic soda is raised. - **Outlook**: Oscillation [37]. 3.2 Variety Data Monitoring 3.2.1 Energy and Chemical Daily Index Monitoring - **Inter - period Spread**: Data on the inter - period spreads of various varieties such as Brent, Dubai, PX, PTA, MEG, etc. are provided, including the latest values and changes [39]. - **Basis and Warehouse Receipts**: Data on the basis and warehouse receipts of various varieties such as asphalt, high - sulfur fuel oil, low - sulfur fuel oil, etc. are provided, including the latest values and changes [40]. - **Inter - variety Spread**: Data on the inter - variety spreads of various varieties such as PP - 3MA, TA - EG, L - P, etc. are provided, including the latest values and changes [41]. 3.2.2 Chemical Basis and Spread Monitoring No specific data summaries are provided in the given text, only the variety names are listed.
加码AI算力:申万期货早间评论-20260326
申银万国期货研究· 2026-03-26 00:57
Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the impact of geopolitical tensions, particularly the Iran situation, on global markets, highlighting the interplay between high oil prices, inflation expectations, and central bank policies, particularly the Federal Reserve's stance on interest rates [1][5][17]. Group 1: Economic and Market Overview - The People's Bank of China conducted a 500 billion yuan MLF operation, marking the 13th consecutive month of increased liquidity support to stabilize the market [1]. - The Federal Reserve maintained interest rates in the 3.5%–3.75% range, with expectations of only one rate cut this year, indicating a prolonged high-rate environment [1]. - Oil prices remain volatile due to geopolitical tensions, with Goldman Sachs and others raising short-term oil price forecasts due to supply risks [1]. - Gold prices are driven by both safe-haven demand and inflation expectations, closing above $4,500 per ounce [1]. Group 2: Sector-Specific Insights Shipping - The EC index fell by 6.04%, influenced by easing geopolitical tensions and potential negotiations between the U.S. and Iran [2]. - Container shipping rates have decreased, with significant price adjustments noted for large containers, indicating pressure on shipping rates due to reduced export demand [2][33]. Copper - Copper prices rose by 0.69%, supported by tight supply conditions, although smelting profits are at breakeven levels [24]. - The overall copper production remains high despite a slight month-on-month decline, with attention needed on downstream demand and smelting output [24]. Stock Indices - U.S. stock indices showed a rebound, with significant trading volumes, although the market remains cautious due to ongoing geopolitical risks and inflation concerns [3][27]. - The financing balance decreased, indicating a more cautious approach from investors during the earnings disclosure period [3][27]. Group 3: Commodity Insights Precious Metals - Precious metals are experiencing volatility, with recent geopolitical developments affecting risk appetite and liquidity conditions [23]. - The long-term outlook for gold remains positive due to ongoing geopolitical risks and concerns over U.S. fiscal sustainability [23]. Energy - Oil prices are under pressure from geopolitical developments, with the U.S. delaying military actions against Iran, which has implications for energy prices [18]. - The International Energy Agency noted that the current Middle East crisis could have a more severe impact on energy prices than past oil crises [18]. Agricultural Products - Brazilian soybean harvest rates are lagging behind historical averages, but overall production is expected to be high, impacting global soybean prices [28]. - The palm oil market is influenced by production increases in Southeast Asia, although potential export restrictions from Indonesia could support prices [29].
期货研究报告:综合晨报:五天期限过半美伊仍在“谈打交织”-20260326
Dong Zheng Qi Huo· 2026-03-26 00:15
Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The negotiation between the US and Iran is in a state of "talking and fighting", with unclear negotiation expectations, leading to high - level fluctuations in the US dollar index [1][11]. - A - shares opened higher and closed higher, but the sustainability of the short - term rebound of the stock index remains to be observed [2][15]. - The bond market has no trend - like market and is more concerned about geopolitical situations [3][16]. - The prices of various commodities are affected by factors such as geopolitical situations, supply - demand relationships, and cost changes, showing different trends [4][20][26] Summary by Directory 1. Financial News and Comments 1.1 Macro Strategy (Foreign Exchange Futures - US Dollar Index) - A private credit fund managed by Ares Management had a record - breaking monthly loss in February, indicating the deterioration of the $1.8 trillion private credit market [10]. - Milan believes that the current monetary policy is suppressing the economy and advocates a 1 - percentage - point interest rate cut this year [11]. - The negotiation between the US and Iran is in a state of "talking and fighting", with unclear negotiation expectations, and the US dollar is fluctuating at a high level. It is recommended to expect the US dollar index to fluctuate at a high level [11][12]. 1.2 Macro Strategy (Stock Index Futures) - A - shares opened higher and closed higher, with the Shanghai Composite Index regaining 3900 points, and the market had more than 4800 rising stocks [13]. - Iran stated that non - hostile ships meeting certain conditions can pass through the Strait of Hormuz, reducing the market's concern about crude oil supply shortages and causing a significant rise in risk assets. However, the sustainability of the short - term rebound of the stock index remains to be observed. It is recommended to wait for the situation to become clear before making right - side trades [15]. 1.3 Macro Strategy (Treasury Bond Futures) - The central bank conducted 78.5 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 58 billion yuan on the day, and will also conduct 500 billion yuan of MLF operations [16]. - The bond market has no trend - like market and is more concerned about geopolitical situations. It is recommended to closely monitor the war situation and take a wait - and - see approach [16][17]. 2. Commodity News and Comments 2.1 Black Metal (Rebar/Hot - Rolled Coil) - The sintering machine renovation project of Henan Iron and Steel's Zhoukou Base was successfully put into operation [18]. - Steel prices are oscillating weakly. The progress of the iron ore negotiation has led to a decline in ore prices and steel prices. The steel product fundamentals lack clear drivers, and the downstream terminal demand is limited. It is recommended to hold a small - position wait - and - see attitude [18][19]. 2.2 Black Metal (Coking Coal/Coke) - The price of coking coal in the northern Shanxi market has increased. The short - term price is affected by international crude oil prices, and in the long - term, the upward movement of coking coal prices is still restricted. It is necessary to focus on the resumption of molten iron production, terminal demand fulfillment, and coal mine resumption progress [20][21]. 2.3 Agricultural Products (Corn) - As of March 20, 2026, the domestic and foreign trade corn inventories in Guangdong Port decreased, while the inventories of imported sorghum and barley increased [22]. - The supply of corn is expected to increase, and the downstream demand has support. Policy auctions also provide bottom - line support for the corn market. It is expected that corn will maintain a high - level oscillation pattern, and it is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity of selling call options [23][25]. 2.4 Non - ferrous Metals (Platinum) - The average price of platinum and palladium rebounded slightly. The fundamentals lack a clear trading theme, and they mainly follow macro - level fluctuations. It is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity of platinum's oversold rebound, use option positions, and wait and see for palladium. Also, pay attention to the opportunity of going long on platinum and short on palladium in the medium term [26][27]. 2.5 Non - ferrous Metals (Lead) - The LME lead showed a discount of $35.03 per ton on March 24. The lead price is oscillating at a low level. The downstream consumption is facing the off - season, but there is cost support at the bottom. It is recommended to pay attention to the mid - line opportunity of buying on dips, preferably on the right - hand side, and wait and see for arbitrage [28]. 2.6 Non - ferrous Metals (Zinc) - The CZSPT released the import zinc concentrate TC price guidance range for the end of the second quarter of 2026. The zinc price is oscillating at a low level. It is recommended to wait for the price to stabilize and the volatility to decline, and then pay attention to the mid - line opportunity of buying on dips. For arbitrage, maintain a long - short position in the domestic - foreign market in the mid - line [30][31]. 2.7 Non - ferrous Metals (Lithium Carbonate) - Zijin Mining plans to put the Manono lithium mine in the Congo into production in June this year, and Yahua Group signed a five - year lithium spodumene concentrate purchase agreement [32]. - The supply of lithium carbonate is expected to be in a tight balance in the short - term, and it is recommended to pay attention to the opportunity of buying on dips after the price correction [34][35]. 2.8 Non - ferrous Metals (Copper) - Luoyang钼业 released the production guidance for its main products in 2026. The copper price is affected by the Middle East war situation and is expected to continue to oscillate and build a bottom. It is recommended to wait and see in the short - term and pay attention to the domestic - foreign long - short arbitrage [36][39]. 2.9 Non - ferrous Metals (Tin) - Indonesia's tin ingot exports increased in February. The supply and demand of tin are both weak, and the short - term price decline was blocked by inventory reduction. It is necessary to pay attention to the evolution of the macro - trend [39][42]. 2.10 Energy Chemicals (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) - According to EIA weekly data, the US propane/propylene inventory increased. The price of LPG is expected to fluctuate widely due to the complex geopolitical situation [43][45]. 2.11 Energy Chemicals (Styrene) - The inventory of styrene in the East China main port decreased. After the geopolitical risk premium is gradually squeezed out, there may still be opportunities for low - buying in the future [45][46]. 2.12 Energy Chemicals (Asphalt) - The capacity utilization rate of domestic heavy - traffic asphalt decreased. The asphalt price is expected to oscillate in the short - term due to supply risks [47][48]. 2.13 Shipping Index (Container Freight Rate) - COSCO Shipping resumed booking services for some countries in the Middle East, but it does not mean that the Strait of Hormuz has resumed navigation. The market's focus is still on the navigation situation of the Strait of Hormuz [49][51].
3月26日议程|国泰海通“远望又新峰”2026春季策略会
国泰海通证券研究· 2026-03-25 23:46
Group 1 - The article discusses the upcoming conference focusing on various sectors including consumer services, technology, and investment strategies, highlighting the potential for growth and innovation in these areas [5][10][18]. - Key speakers from different research departments will present insights on topics such as service consumption, product innovation in beauty, and the impact of technology on household appliances [4][6][10]. - The conference aims to address the evolving landscape of consumer behavior and market dynamics, particularly in light of recent policy changes that favor traditional consumption patterns [5][6][10]. Group 2 - The event will feature discussions on the advancements in humanoid robotics and commercial aerospace, emphasizing the integration of technology in these fields [7][9][21]. - Insights into the agricultural sector will be provided, focusing on the potential for growth amidst rising commodity prices and changing market conditions [6][10]. - The conference will also explore macroeconomic trends and their implications for asset allocation strategies, particularly in a low-interest-rate environment [15][18]. Group 3 - The article outlines the significance of multi-asset allocation strategies in navigating market volatility and achieving stable returns [12][15]. - Discussions will include the role of artificial intelligence in quantitative investment strategies and the future of various commodity markets [18][19][21]. - The conference will also cover the outlook for the automotive industry, emphasizing the importance of innovation and sustainability in future developments [23][26].
2026年二季度甲醇展望:地缘引发减量
Nan Hua Qi Huo· 2026-03-25 11:18
2026 年二季度甲醇展望 I2026 年 3 月 地缘引发减量 核心观点: 2026 年第一季度,国内甲醇市场呈现震荡偏强格局,价格重 心较 2025 年末有所抬升,但整体走势呈现明显的结构性分化—— 港口偏强、内地偏弱。行情主要由进口供应收缩主导,地缘冲突 事件则成为季度内的核心扰动因素。 甲醇期货主力合约一季度已突破 3000 元/吨关口,刷新近三年 高点。进入二季度,地缘冲突引发的供应端收缩仍是主导逻辑, 同时国内需求进入季节性旺季,供需格局有望进一步收紧。但需 警惕高价位对下游的负反馈风险。 二季度甲醇市场正处于供应收缩确立、需求边际改善、库存 去化预期的有利格局中。进口端的收缩幅度远超往年季节性,叠 加 MTO 需求增量,供需平衡表有望显著收紧。策略上建议以逢低做 多为主,核心区间关注 2750-2850 元/吨的支撑区域。 但需清醒认识当前价格已计入较多地缘溢价,地缘局势的演 变是二季度最大的不确定性。若冲突缓和、伊朗装置快速回归, 行情逻辑将发生根本逆转。建议严格控制仓位,避免追高,以回 调企稳布局为主。 我们对 MA2026 年二季度策略如下: 5-6 反套+6-9 正套。 南华研究院大宗商 ...
综合晨报-20260325
Guo Tou Qi Huo· 2026-03-25 11:15
Report Industry Investment Ratings No relevant content provided. Core Views of the Report - The geopolitical situation in the Middle East is the core variable affecting the prices of various commodities, leading to significant short - term price fluctuations and high uncertainty [1][2]. - Different commodities have different supply - demand situations and price trends, with some being affected by supply - side factors, some by demand - side factors, and some by both [3][7][14]. Summary by Commodity Categories Energy Commodities - **Crude Oil**: The US proposed a conflict - ending plan to Iran, but the negotiation was disrupted. The short - term oil price has large two - way fluctuation risks, and the long - term core variable is the smooth passage of the Strait of Hormuz [1]. - **Fuel Oil & Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil**: With the expectation of geopolitical easing, fuel oil prices followed the decline of crude oil. The supply gap of high - sulfur fuel oil cannot be fully hedged, and low - sulfur fuel oil is supported by supply reduction and high cracking spreads [20]. - **Asphalt**: Domestic refineries are worried about future imported raw materials, reducing asphalt supply. The fundamentals have marginal improvement expectations, and the price will follow the oil price with limited downside [21]. Precious Metals - **Precious Metals**: Overnight precious metals rebounded. Market sentiment fluctuates with news of the US - Iran war, and precious metals maintain high volatility in the short term [2]. Base Metals - **Copper**: Overnight copper prices rebounded near the short - term moving average. Some overseas investment banks lowered the annual average copper price forecast. The copper price may get support at key positions during the peak season [3]. - **Aluminum**: Overnight Shanghai aluminum fluctuated. The spot discounts in some regions decreased, and the inventory and spot market improved slightly. The 23,000 - yuan position is a key support [4]. - **Zinc**: Zinc prices rebounded with the non - ferrous metal sector, but there are concerns about tight liquidity. The domestic zinc market is in an oversupply situation, but the cost line provides support. The price is expected to enter a range - bound state [7]. - **Lead**: The lead market is in an oversupply state, with the price running weakly. There is support at 16,200 yuan/ton, but the import of low - cost lead affects the price [8]. - **Nickel and Stainless Steel**: Shanghai nickel fluctuated, and the market trading volume declined. The demand for stainless steel in the peak season was lower than expected. The market is mainly affected by policy and sentiment, with a weak and volatile trend [9]. - **Tin**: Overnight tin prices fluctuated around the MA5 moving average. The fundamentals of tin itself have changed little. The price may seek support at 300,000 yuan and the medium - and long - term weekly K - line moving average [10]. Chemical Commodities - **Carbonate Lithium**: Carbonate lithium showed a strong and volatile trend. The overall inventory reduction speed slowed down, and the inventory structure changed. The lithium market is resistant to decline and is expected to fluctuate [11]. - **Polysilicon**: Polysilicon futures were weak. The demand was affected by the cancellation of export tax rebates, and the price continued to decline. Although the medium - term trend is bearish, the short - term downward space is limited [12]. - **Industrial Silicon**: The industrial silicon market showed a pattern of weak supply and demand, with high social inventory. The silicon price is expected to continue to fluctuate in the short term [13]. - **PVC & Caustic Soda**: PVC showed a weak and volatile trend at night. The supply decreased, and the inventory declined. The export market is expected to be good. Caustic soda also showed a weak and volatile trend, with a decline in supply pressure [27]. - **PX & PTA**: If the US - Iran situation eases, the risk premium of PX and PTA will decline. The demand recovers slowly, and the industry load decreases [28]. - **Ethylene Glycol**: The load of ethylene glycol decreased, and the inventory declined slightly. The price fell with the decline of oil prices [29]. Agricultural Commodities - **Soybean & Soybean Meal**: The US - Iran relationship may ease. Brazilian soybean harvest and export data are important factors. The prices of soybeans and soybean meal are affected by multiple factors and have high uncertainty [34]. - **Cotton**: Zhengzhou cotton fell slightly. The demand in the peak season in March was good. The import quota was released, and the inventory decreased. The medium - term strategy for Zhengzhou cotton is bullish [40]. - **Sugar**: International attention is on the new - season Brazilian sugar production, which is expected to decline. Domestically, the sugar market is in a pattern of weak reality and strong expectation [41]. - **Apple**: Apple futures prices continued to decline. The trading focus is on the demand side. The poor quality and high price of Shandong apples led to weak demand and a decline in futures prices [42]. Others - **Stock Index**: A - shares rebounded with reduced volume. The futures index contracts rose, with IM leading the increase. The market is affected by geopolitical and liquidity factors. The medium - term configuration should be balanced, and the short - term strategy is to buy on dips for broad - based indexes [45]. - **Treasury Bonds**: The 30 - year Treasury bond futures rose, while the 2 - year futures fell slightly. The long - term bonds may continue to fluctuate in the short term and have a rebound opportunity after over - decline [46].
地缘风险降温,股指震荡收涨
Bao Cheng Qi Huo· 2026-03-25 10:12
1. Report's Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the report 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - All stock indices fluctuated and closed higher today. On March 24th, the US government proposed a 15 - condition conflict - ending plan to Iran through Pakistan, indicating a cooling of Middle - East geopolitical risks, but the final result remains highly uncertain [3]. - The market will focus on the navigation situation in the Strait of Hormuz. Resumed navigation can ease the global energy supply crisis, reduce the risk of macro - recession, and boost the stock market's risk appetite [3]. - In the medium to long term, domestic policies are continuously favorable for the economic fundamentals. The macro - economy has strong resilience, which supports the total economic demand and structurally promotes domestic demand expansion and technological innovation. There is still support for stock indices [3]. - Currently, the trading volume of the stock market has not significantly increased, and market funds remain cautious due to the high subsequent uncertainty of Middle - East geopolitical risks. It is expected that the stock indices will mainly fluctuate within a range in the short term [3]. - In the options market, the PCR of open interest has dropped rapidly, and the at - the - money implied volatility of options has risen rapidly, reflecting strong market panic. Given the existing support for stock indices, strategies such as bull spreads or covered calls can be used [3]. 3. Summary by Related Catalog 3.1 Relevant Charts for Different Options 3.1.1 Shanghai 50ETF Options - Charts include the Shanghai 50ETF trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [5][6]. 3.1.2 SSE 300ETF Options - Charts cover the SSE 300ETF trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [7][8]. 3.1.3 Shenzhen 300ETF Options - Charts involve the Shenzhen 300ETF trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [18][19]. 3.1.4 CSI 300 Index Options - Charts consist of the CSI 300 index trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [30][31]. 3.1.5 CSI 1000 Index Options - Charts include the CSI 1000 index trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [42][43]. 3.1.6 SSE 500ETF Options - Charts cover the SSE 500ETF trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [52][53]. 3.1.7 Shenzhen 500ETF Options - Charts involve the Shenzhen 500ETF trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [64][65]. 3.1.8 Shanghai 50 Index Options - Charts consist of the Shanghai 50 index trend, historical volatility, option open - interest PCR, at - the - money implied volatility, implied volatility curve, and at - the - money implied volatility cone [75][76].