Group 1 - In Q1 2026, bond yields exhibited an "N" shaped trend, with significant upward movement in 30Y yields, influenced by pre- and post-Spring Festival market dynamics and rising inflation expectations [10][11]. - The bond market experienced a "sharp drop followed by slow recovery" before the Spring Festival, with a notable "see-saw effect" between equity and bond markets [10]. - The issuance of special bonds accelerated in Q1, with a year-on-year increase of approximately 200 billion yuan, indicating a proactive approach to financing [37][41]. Group 2 - The economic performance at the beginning of 2026 was strong, with a notable recovery in the manufacturing sector as indicated by the March PMI returning to the expansion zone [48][63]. - In January and February, the production sector showed significant strength, with fixed asset investment growth turning positive at 1.8%, supported by infrastructure and manufacturing investments [59][62]. - The EPMI index saw a substantial increase in March, reflecting robust production recovery and strong demand, with production volume and procurement significantly improving [63][67]. Group 3 - The bond market is expected to remain in a volatile and slightly bearish state in Q2, with a continuation of the steepening curve pattern, suggesting potential trading opportunities in the long end [75].

Group 1 - The fixed asset investment growth rate rebounded significantly in early 2026, with a historical increase of 16.9 percentage points to 1.8% compared to December 2025, marking a rare turnaround after seven months of decline [1][8][123] - All four major investment categories—real estate, services, broad infrastructure, and manufacturing—showed substantial recovery, with increases of over 10 percentage points each [1][8][123] - The construction and installation investment, which had previously declined sharply, rebounded by 28.6 percentage points to 0.6%, significantly contributing to the overall fixed asset investment growth [1][13][123] Group 2 - Government and state-owned enterprise investments began to recover earlier than private investments, with government investment growth reaching 3.1% in early 2026 after a decline to -31.3% in October 2025 [2][19][124] - Private investment saw its first rebound in early 2026, increasing by 14.6% compared to December 2025, although it remained negative at -2.6% [2][19][124] Group 3 - The rebound in investment is attributed to improved conditions regarding previous issues of "lack of funds" and "lack of projects," with the easing of the "broad debt" effect on investment [3][31][125] - The issuance of special refinancing bonds improved the funding situation, while government fiscal spending increased, alleviating the pressure on investment funds [3][31][125] - Policies supporting private financing were implemented in early 2026, including a special quota of 1 trillion yuan for small and micro enterprises, which contributed to over 280 billion yuan in investment [3][50][125] Group 4 - The early 2026 launch of "two重" construction projects by the National Development and Reform Commission addressed the previous shortage of project reserves, with the number of projects increasing to 281 and funding raised to 220 billion yuan [4][63][125] - The investment growth rate for new and expanded projects rebounded to around 6% in early 2026, following a significant decline in the latter half of 2025 [4][63][125] Group 5 - The gap between fixed asset investment and historical trends is estimated to be close to 4 trillion yuan, with specific shortfalls in manufacturing, broad infrastructure, and real estate investments of 1.3 trillion, 1.2 trillion, and 0.7 trillion yuan respectively [5][67][125] - Incremental fiscal funds are expected to fill the investment gap, particularly in the new infrastructure sector, with a focus on integrating traditional infrastructure with digital and communication investments [5][78][125]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided Group 2: Core View of the Report - The inflation pressure pushed up by the supply side has a relatively limited impact on the bond market. The current main factor negative to the bond market is the front - loaded and intensified use of fiscal and quasi - fiscal tools. The bank system's liquidity may be relatively abundant, and the cross - quarter fund pressure is expected to be limited. The interest rate is expected to remain in a range - bound pattern. Short - term inflation changes should be observed. There may be opportunities for medium - and long - term bond varieties, and attention should be paid to the narrowing of the term spread [4][20] Group 3: Summary by Directory 1. Funds Price - During the statistical period from March 20 to March 26, 2026, the central bank's net open - market fund injection exceeded 10 billion yuan, with an over - renewal of 5 billion yuan for MLF. The 3M and 6M repurchase operations had a net withdrawal of 30 billion yuan, showing a net withdrawal of medium - term liquidity. The funds price remained stable, with DR001 fluctuating narrowly around 1.32%, and DR007 rising slightly due to the cross - quarter factor. The yield of inter - bank certificates of deposit rebounded slightly from a low level [1][11] 2. Primary Market - During the statistical period, 45 interest - rate bonds were issued in the primary market, with a total actual issuance of 818.7 billion yuan. The issuance scale of treasury bonds increased, while that of local bonds decreased. The issuance term continued to shorten, and the proportion of issuance scale over 10 years dropped below 40% [2][13] 3. Secondary Market - During the statistical period, the yields of most - term treasury bonds declined, and the impact of energy inflation on the bond market weakened. The yield of ultra - long - term bonds, which were most affected before, declined significantly, with the yield of 30 - year treasury bonds dropping from the peak of 2.39% to 2.35% [3][14] 4. Market Outlook - Fundamentally, the inflation pressure pushed up by the supply side has a relatively limited impact on the bond market, and the adjustment range of the 10 - year treasury bond yield is generally 10 - 20bp. Policy - wise, the front - loaded and intensified use of fiscal and quasi - fiscal tools is negative to the bond market. In terms of funds, the bank system's liquidity may be relatively abundant, and the cross - quarter fund pressure is expected to be limited. The interest rate is expected to remain in a range - bound pattern. Short - term inflation changes should be observed. There may be opportunities for medium - and long - term bond varieties, and attention should be paid to the narrowing of the term spread [4][20]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In 2026, China's fiscal policy will balance short - term stimulus and long - term stability, focusing on both "activeness" and "sustainability", and shifting from "leveraging up" to "optimizing leverage". The fiscal situation will feature low revenue growth and rigid expenditure, with the revenue side facing challenges such as tax structure imbalance and weak non - tax revenue sustainability, while the expenditure side will see increased intensity in key areas and face issues like low - efficiency capital use and debt - servicing pressure [24][27][49]. - To address these challenges, the fiscal policy in 2026 should focus on boosting domestic demand, supporting infrastructure investment, fostering new - quality productivity, and promoting reform. Specific measures include expanding the expenditure scale, optimizing the expenditure structure, strengthening fiscal - financial coordination, improving transfer payment efficiency, deepening tax system reform, expanding zero - based budget reform pilots, and establishing a government asset - liability table for debt management [39][40][49]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 2025 Fiscal Operation Review Fiscal Operation Overview - Revenue: Generalized fiscal revenue declined for two consecutive years, falling short of the budget target by 860 billion yuan. General public budget revenue was 21.60 trillion yuan, a 1.7% year - on - year decrease, and government fund budget revenue was 5.77 trillion yuan, a 7.0% year - on - year decrease [8]. - Expenditure: Generalized fiscal expenditure increased slightly year - on - year but was 2.16 trillion yuan less than the budget target. General public budget expenditure was 28.74 trillion yuan, a 1.0% year - on - year increase, and government fund budget expenditure was 11.29 trillion yuan, an 11.3% year - on - year increase [9]. - Revenue - Expenditure Gap: The gap between actual generalized fiscal revenue and expenditure reached 12.65 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.3 trillion yuan from the previous year. Government bond issuance reached a record high, with national debt issuance at 16.01 trillion yuan and local government bond issuance at 10.31 trillion yuan [11]. Structural Characteristics of Fiscal Operation - Tax and Non - tax Revenue: Tax revenue increased by 0.8% year - on - year, with the four major taxes all showing positive growth. Non - tax revenue decreased by 11.3% year - on - year. The proportion of tax revenue in general public budget revenue rose to 81.6% [15]. - Livelihood and Infrastructure Expenditure: Livelihood expenditure remained a priority, with the combined expenditure on social security, employment, education, and health exceeding 10 trillion yuan, and the proportion increasing to 38.0%. Infrastructure - related expenditure decreased by 6.6% year - on - year, and its proportion dropped to 21.6%. Science and technology expenditure grew by 4.8% year - on - year, and debt - servicing pressure continued to increase [18][19]. - Central and Local Fiscal Expenditure: Central fiscal expenditure increased significantly, with the central government's generalized fiscal expenditure growing at 19.0%, much higher than the local government's 1.6%. The central government's government fund budget expenditure grew at 130%, far higher than the local government's 5.3%. The proportion of local fiscal expenditure in GDP decreased to 24.7% [21]. Fiscal Situation and Revenue - Expenditure Forecast for the "15th Five - Year Plan" Opening Year Fiscal Situation in 2026 - Revenue: Revenue will continue to grow at a low rate and show structural differentiation, with an increased reliance on debt funds. Tax structure imbalance remains prominent, non - tax revenue has weak sustainability, and government fund revenue is dragged down by land finance [25][26]. - Expenditure: Expenditure rigidity will increase, with key areas receiving more support. However, challenges such as low - efficiency capital use and debt - servicing pressure need to be addressed [27]. Revenue - Expenditure Growth Rate Forecast for 2026 - General Public Budget: Revenue may grow by about 0.5%, and expenditure may grow by about 2.6% [28][30]. - Government Fund Budget: Revenue decline may narrow to 5.9%, and expenditure may be roughly the same as in 2025, with a possibility of issuing additional government bonds during the year [34][35]. - Generalized Fiscal Revenue and Expenditure: Generalized fiscal revenue may decline by 0.84% year - on - year, and expenditure may grow by 1.55% year - on - year. The revenue - expenditure gap is expected to expand by over 800 billion yuan [37]. Core Demand Points for Fiscal Policy in 2026 - Boosting Micro - entity Confidence and Expanding Domestic Demand: Insufficient effective demand is the main contradiction. Fiscal policy should increase leverage, especially through the central government, and optimize the expenditure structure [40]. - Supporting Infrastructure Investment: In 2025, the expansion of generalized fiscal expenditure did not significantly improve investment. In 2026, fiscal expenditure should be expanded to create incremental demand and adjust the economic structure to support infrastructure investment [41]. - Fostering New - quality Productivity: China is in a critical period of new - old kinetic energy transformation. Fiscal policy should support the cultivation of new - quality productivity to make up for market failures and ensure key expenditures [46]. - Promoting Reform: Fiscal policy is essential for various reforms, such as income distribution, the construction of a unified national market, and the adjustment of central - local relations [47][48]. Fiscal Policy Outlook and Seven Key Measures in 2026 - Expand the Expenditure Scale and Act in Advance: The budget deficit rate is recommended to be 4% or above, with the central government taking the main responsibility. 5 trillion yuan of new special bonds and 1.8 trillion yuan of special treasury bonds should be issued. The generalized deficit may reach about 15 trillion yuan, an increase of over 1 trillion yuan from the previous year. The pace of fiscal expenditure and government bond issuance and use should be accelerated [53][55][56]. - Optimize the Expenditure Structure: Combine investment in physical assets and in people. Increase livelihood security expenditure, boost consumption, support infrastructure investment, and increase investment in new - quality productivity and the low - carbon economy. Special bonds should be optimized and their investment areas expanded [60]. - Strengthen Fiscal - Financial Coordination: Promote the coordinated implementation of fiscal and monetary policies. Use fiscal tools such as interest subsidies, rewards, and risk compensation, deepen the function of treasury bonds as a core link, and establish an evaluation and feedback mechanism. Explore financial cooperation models and tools to magnify the leverage effect of fiscal funds [62]. - Improve the Efficiency of Transfer Payments: Transfer payments may be arranged at over 10 trillion yuan. The structure of transfer payments should be optimized, the proportion of general transfer payments increased, and a direct - access mechanism for fiscal funds improved [63]. - Deepen Tax System Reform with Consumption Tax Reform: Speed up consumption tax reform, including the post - transfer of the collection link and the transfer to local governments. Cultivate local - specific main taxes and explore new taxes [64][65]. - Expand Zero - based Budget Reform Pilots: Expand zero - based budget reform pilots in an orderly manner, set phased and classified reform goals, and promote supporting system construction. At the same time, clarify the division of central - local fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities [66]. - Establish a Government Asset - Liability Table: Establish and improve the government asset - liability table, promote debt risk resolution, and build a long - term debt management mechanism. Promote the transformation of government debt from leveraging up to optimizing leverage and address the root causes through deep - seated fiscal and tax system reforms [67][69].

Economic Outlook - China's economy shows strong resilience despite increasing internal and external uncertainties, with challenges such as geopolitical risks and weak global economic momentum[3] - The GDP growth target for 2026 is set at 4.5%-5%, which aligns with the long-term goal of achieving an average annual growth rate of 4.17% from 2026 to 2035[4][15] Inflation and Employment - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) target for 2026 is approximately 2%, indicating a more optimistic outlook for price stabilization and a gradual recovery in consumer prices[4][18] - The urban survey unemployment rate target remains around 5.5%, reflecting a commitment to employment stability[15][19] Fiscal Policy - The broad fiscal deficit is projected at approximately 11.89 trillion yuan, with a deficit rate of about 8.1%, maintaining a relatively active fiscal stance[5][26] - Special bonds are allocated at 4.4 trillion yuan, with an additional 1.3 trillion yuan for ultra-long-term special bonds, indicating a focus on major projects and debt replacement[5][26] Monetary Policy - Monetary policy is expected to remain "appropriately accommodative," with potential room for a 50-100 basis point reduction in reserve requirements and a 10 basis point interest rate cut[6][30] - The report emphasizes the need for flexible use of various monetary policy tools to support domestic demand and innovation[6][30] Investment and Consumption - Strategies to stimulate consumption include increasing income, promoting new consumption scenarios, and enhancing service consumption, with a focus on cultural tourism and wellness[6][32] - Investment will target new productivity, urbanization, and human development, with a budget of 7.55 billion yuan and 8 billion yuan in policy financial tools to leverage more social capital[6][33] Innovation and Industry - The report highlights the importance of fostering new industries and future sectors, including integrated circuits, aerospace, and biotechnology, with a focus on enhancing the role of private enterprises in innovation[6][35] - Emphasis is placed on the application of AI and the development of smart economies, with significant investments in infrastructure and technology upgrades[6][36] Reforms and Market Development - The report prioritizes the establishment of a unified market and the implementation of anti-involution policies to regulate local government incentives and subsidies[7][39] - Rural economic development and urban-rural integration are expected to benefit lower-tier cities and enhance consumer upgrades[7][40] Real Estate and Social Stability - The approach to stabilizing the real estate market is characterized by moderate measures, focusing on quality rather than quantity in urban renewal projects[7][41] - Multiple initiatives are proposed to ensure social stability and safeguard livelihoods, including employment support and enhanced social services for vulnerable populations[7][42] Governance and Performance - The report stresses the importance of establishing a correct view of performance, emphasizing practical and realistic growth without engaging in superficial achievements[8][43] - There are risks associated with economic growth not meeting expectations and potential shortcomings in policy implementation[8][45]

GDP Targets - Guangdong Province sets a GDP growth target range of 4.5%-5.5%, marking the first time in seven years for a range target[2] - The weighted GDP growth target for 29 provinces is estimated at 5.0%, down from 5.24% last year[2][10] - Beijing and Xinjiang have re-established annual GDP growth targets in range form, with Beijing at 4.5%-5% and Xinjiang at 5.5%-6%[3][18] Investment Trends - Major projects in six economic provinces show a combined growth rate of -0.7%, down from +3% last year[23] - Non-economic provinces like Fujian and Shanghai have a combined growth rate of -8.1% for major projects, compared to +11.1% last year[23] - Investment focus is shifting towards livelihood projects and new infrastructure, particularly in computing power and urban renewal[4][33] Consumption and Industry - There is an increased focus on service consumption, including cultural tourism, events, and new consumption trends[4][8] - At least 27 out of 29 provinces have made deployments related to AI, indicating a heightened emphasis on AI+ initiatives[4][8] Ecological and Reform Initiatives - Ecological targets have shifted from energy consumption constraints to carbon emission restrictions, focusing on electricity applications[5] - Multiple provinces have expressed commitment to integrating into a unified national market, indicating a reform trend[6]

Report Summary 1. Key Data on Bond Issuance - This week, the issuance of new special bonds was 193.1 billion yuan, a week - on - week increase of 128.6 billion yuan, and the planned issuance for next week is 134.3 billion yuan [4] - As of January 31st, the cumulative issuance of new special bonds in January was 367.7 billion yuan [6] - This week, the issuance of new general bonds was 39.2 billion yuan, a week - on - week increase of 18.6 billion yuan, and the planned issuance for next week is 75.5 billion yuan [9] 2. Net Financing Scale - This week, the net financing scale of local bonds was 310.9 billion yuan, a week - on - week increase of 107.7 billion yuan, and the planned net financing for next week is 579.4 billion yuan [11] - This week, the net financing scale of national bonds was - 113.3 billion yuan, a week - on - week decrease of 457.6 billion yuan, and the planned net financing for next week is 142 billion yuan [14] - This week, the net financing of government bonds was 197.5 billion yuan, a week - on - week decrease of 349.9 billion yuan, and the planned net financing for next week is 721.4 billion yuan [16]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The introduction of special new special-purpose bonds has changed the traditional allocation logic of special-purpose bonds, and the allocation logic has become more complex due to regional economic and fiscal differences and the balance between economic development and "Three Guarantees" [4][7][18]. - The allocation of new special-purpose bond quotas at the provincial level generally follows the logic of "following the projects", but in recent years, the explanatory power of objective factors, especially debt risk factors, has decreased, and more attention is paid to management performance and local application factors. Since 2020, the quota allocation has been "tailored to local conditions and precisely targeted", showing regional heterogeneity [9][75][81]. - The allocation of new special-purpose bond quotas at the municipal level is more flexible and difficult to fully explain with objective factors. It is speculated that the resource coordination of provincial governments for municipalities will further reduce the explanatory power of objective factors [9][85][88]. - Some provinces have significant deviations in the actual allocation of new special-purpose bond quotas from the theoretical values. Some economic provinces may receive more quotas due to major project construction, while some regions may receive more funds for debt resolution [10][90]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Special-purpose Bonds as the Main Local Financing Method - The scale of special-purpose bonds has been continuously increasing. As of the end of 2025, the stock of local special-purpose bonds in China was 37 trillion yuan, accounting for nearly 70% of the total stock of local government bonds. The net financing of special-purpose bonds increased significantly in 2020 and 2024, and the issuance scale and stock are expected to continue to rise [19]. - Special-purpose bonds can be divided into new special-purpose bonds, refinancing special-purpose bonds, and replacement special-purpose bonds. There are also special refinancing special-purpose bonds and special new special-purpose bonds for debt resolution [21]. 3.2 Deviation between Special-purpose Bond Investment and Physical Workload - In 2024 and 2025, new special-purpose bond funds were mainly invested in transportation infrastructure, municipal and industrial park infrastructure, and other fields. However, there may be a situation where "money waits for projects", and the progress of some special-purpose bond funds in forming physical workload is slow [25][30]. 3.3 Debt Resolution Factors Becoming an Important Consideration in Special-purpose Bond Allocation - The spatial distribution of special-purpose bond stocks is uneven. Since 2023, the marginal changes have reflected the policy orientation of "risk prevention". The issuance of refinancing special-purpose bonds in the western region has increased rapidly, and the proportion of debt resolution funds in key provinces is relatively high [37]. 3.4 Process and Results of New Special-purpose Bond Quota Allocation - **Principles**: New special-purpose bond quota allocation mainly considers five factors: financial strength, debt risk, construction demand, capital efficiency, and local applications, and is adjusted by a fluctuation coefficient. Overall, it follows the principle of "rewarding the excellent and punishing the inferior", but also pays attention to risk prevention [8][47]. - **Results**: There is a positive correlation between the new special-purpose bond quota and the actual in - place investment in fixed assets, but there are also some deviations. The allocation of new special-purpose bond quotas can generally reflect the objective situation, but some provinces deviate from the trend, indicating that they may receive more special funds [53][57]. 3.5 Provincial Quota Allocation: From "Extensive Distribution" to "Precise Targeting" - The allocation of new special-purpose bond quotas at the provincial level generally follows the logic of "following the projects". In recent years, the explanatory power of objective factors has decreased, and more attention is paid to management performance and local application factors. Since 2020, the allocation logic has shown regional heterogeneity [9][75][81]. 3.6 Municipal Quota Allocation: From "Rewarding the Excellent and Punishing the Inferior" to "Overall Coordination" - The allocation of new special-purpose bond quotas at the municipal level is more flexible, and the overall explanatory power of objective factors is weaker. It is speculated that the resource coordination of provincial governments will further reduce the explanatory power of objective factors [85][88]. 3.7 Deviation Calculation: Which Provinces Receive More Special-purpose Bond Funds? - Provinces such as Shandong, Guangdong, Anhui, Tianjin, Gansu, and Xinjiang have a large upward deviation in the actual quota allocation from the theoretical value, while Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang have a large downward deviation. Some economic provinces may receive more quotas for major project construction, and some regions may receive more funds for debt resolution [10][90].

Core Viewpoint - The macro leverage ratio in China is projected to rise to 302.4% by the end of 2025, indicating a significant increase in debt levels relative to nominal GDP, necessitating structural optimization of leverage to support economic growth effectively [1][2]. Summary by Sections Macro Leverage Ratio Trends - The macro leverage ratio increased by 0.1 percentage points from 302.3% at the end of Q3 2025 to 302.4% at the end of Q4 2025. For the entire year, it rose by 11.7 percentage points, driven by low debt growth in the household and corporate sectors, while government debt expanded significantly [2]. - By the end of 2025, the debt balances of non-financial enterprises, households, and government sectors grew by 7.8%, 0.5%, and 17.0% respectively, leading to a total debt balance increase of 8.2%, while nominal GDP only grew by 4.0% [2]. Sectoral Contributions to Leverage Ratio - The rise in the macro leverage ratio was primarily driven by the corporate and government sectors, while the household sector continued to reduce its leverage. Factors such as the adjustment in the real estate market and slow income growth led households to decrease debt and increase savings [3]. - Government investment projects and a recovering corporate financing demand, supported by proactive fiscal policies, contributed to the increase in debt levels in the corporate and government sectors [3]. Future Outlook and Policy Recommendations - The monetary policy in 2026 is expected to maintain a moderately loose stance, which may lead to continued growth in corporate and government debt, putting upward pressure on the macro leverage ratio. However, this could be offset by an increase in nominal GDP growth [4]. - Recommendations for optimizing leverage structure include supporting financing for private SMEs and technology firms, while controlling the debt expansion of state-owned enterprises. This approach aims to stabilize the leverage ratio in the household sector and promote sustainable economic growth [5][6]. - The government is encouraged to increase fiscal spending in social welfare areas, which could enhance consumer spending potential. For instance, a 1% interest subsidy on household loans could reduce interest burdens significantly and stimulate consumption growth [6].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The overall pattern of interest rates fluctuating within a range remains unchanged. Inflation and monetary policy are the anchor factors for the upper and lower limits of the fluctuations on a quarterly basis. On a weekly basis, the room for the yield of the 10Y Treasury bond to decline further is relatively small. Attention should be paid to the performance of the equity market and the capital market, as well as the performance of 3 - 7Y varieties, while remaining cautious about ultra - long bonds [2][26]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Important Event Review - In late 2025, the pattern of "stronger supply than demand, and stronger external demand than domestic demand" deepened. In Q4 2025, the year - on - year growth rate of real GDP decreased due to the high - base effect, and the year - on - year decline of the GDP deflator narrowed slightly. In terms of structure, the contribution of investment to the economy weakened, while that of consumption and net exports increased [9]. - In December 2025, the year - on - year growth rate of industrial added value rebounded slightly, mainly supported by external demand. The year - on - year decline of cumulative fixed - asset investment widened, with manufacturing, infrastructure, and real estate investment all showing different degrees of decline. The year - on - year growth rate of social retail sales continued to decline, mainly due to the withdrawal of the "trade - in" policy [9]. - Looking ahead, net exports are expected to continue to drive the economy in Q1 2026. Investment is expected to stabilize, and consumption is expected to improve marginally [9]. 3.2 Capital Prices: Slight Increase - From January 16th to January 22nd, the central bank conducted a net injection of 2439 billion yuan in the open market to support the capital market during the tax period. Capital prices continued to rise slightly, with DR001 rising above 1.4% and DR007 rising above 1.5%. The short - term disturbance factor was tax payment [10]. - The yields of inter - bank certificates of deposit (NCDs) declined slightly. Since 2026, the net financing volume of NCDs has been low, indicating that the pressure on banks' liability side is relatively controllable. Structural interest rate cuts have helped banks further reduce their liability costs [10]. 3.3 Primary Market: Increase in Special Bond Issuance Scale - From January 16th to January 22nd, 56 interest - rate bonds were issued in the primary market, with a total issuance amount of 619.1 billion yuan. The issuance scale of special bonds increased significantly. Although the issuance amount of single - Treasury bonds remained high, the subscription sentiment was good [12]. 3.4 Secondary Market: Continued Recovery of the Bond Market - From January 16th to January 22nd, the bond market continued to recover. On the one hand, the strong upward trend of the equity market was curbed; on the other hand, the yields of NCDs declined substantially, the liability pressure of banks was controllable, and their allocation ability was strong [14]. - In terms of term structure, the yield of 7Y Treasury bonds declined the most; the performance of 1Y Treasury bonds was relatively weak, mainly affected by the increase in capital prices; the yield of 30Y Treasury bonds fluctuated significantly [14]. 3.5 Market Outlook - Fundamentally, there is limited information on fundamental data at the beginning of the year. Attention should be mainly paid to the PMI and inflation data in January. If the month - on - month data of PMI and PPI in January improve again, the upper limit of the interest - rate fluctuation range needs to be further adjusted upwards [24]. - Politically, the central bank stated that there is still room for reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts this year. The guiding role of financial data for reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate cuts is expected to weaken further, and the use of regular tools such as Treasury bond trading will be more flexible. The Ministry of Finance stated that the package of policies to boost domestic demand in 2026 will focus on stimulating private investment and promoting household consumption, and the coordination mechanism between fiscal and monetary policies will be further improved [25]. - In terms of capital, it is expected that capital prices will continue to rise slightly at the end of the month. In the long run, if the central bank adjusts to guide the overnight interest rate to fluctuate around the policy rate, it is equivalent to a substantial and long - term increase in capital prices [26].