Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company [2][7][17] Core Views - The company has announced a significant earnings forecast for the first half of 2025, with revenue growth expected to be no less than 200% and profit growth no less than 350% compared to the same period in 2024 [7] - The report highlights the company's strong IP (Intellectual Property) long-term operational capabilities, with a focus on expanding product categories and enhancing brand presence in new markets [7] Financial Data and Earnings Forecast - Revenue projections for the company are as follows: - 2023: 6,301 million RMB - 2024: 13,038 million RMB - 2025E: 30,994 million RMB - 2026E: 42,415 million RMB - 2027E: 52,922 million RMB - The expected growth rates for revenue are 36% in 2023, 107% in 2024, and 138% in 2025 [6][8] - Non-IFRS net profit forecasts are: - 2023: 1,184 million RMB - 2024: 3,220 million RMB - 2025E: 10,336 million RMB - 2026E: 14,353 million RMB - 2027E: 17,992 million RMB - The expected growth rates for net profit are 107% in 2023, 172% in 2024, and 221% in 2025 [6][8] Market Expansion and Product Development - The company has increased its retail presence in mainland China, with a total of 177 stores, a 40.5% increase from the beginning of the year [7] - The company is expanding its international footprint, particularly in North America, where the number of stores has doubled to 53, and in Southeast Asia, with 9 new stores [7] - New product launches have shown strong market engagement, with several IP products achieving record popularity on social media [7] Updated Earnings Forecast - The earnings forecast has been revised upwards, with expected revenues for 2025-2027 now at 30.994 billion RMB, 42.415 billion RMB, and 52.922 billion RMB respectively [7] - Non-IFRS net profit estimates for the same period have also been increased to 10.336 billion RMB, 14.353 billion RMB, and 17.992 billion RMB [7]

Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating in the given content. Report's Core View - Western Lide Fund's Chen Baoguo, with 15 years of securities experience and 5 years of fund management experience, manages 4 funds with a total scale of 1.258 billion yuan. He adheres to reverse investment in the high - prosperity general manufacturing sector, aiming for long - term growth while emphasizing safety margins [2][6]. - Western Lide Jingrui, a representative product, has outstanding short - and long - term performance, maintains growth elasticity, and has good long - term holding profitability. It focuses on the general manufacturing sector, with investment styles shifting and high turnover [2][20]. - The fund manager has strong capabilities in various aspects, including excellent performance in prosperous market conditions, long - term outstanding invisible trading capabilities, and recent prominent industry rotation and stock - selection abilities [2][56]. - The excess returns of Western Lide Jingrui mainly come from stock - selection and industry allocation, and the fund manager's ability circle covers a wide range of general manufacturing fields [2][61]. Summary According to the Directory 1. Western Lide Fund Chen Baoguo: Persisting in Reverse Investment in High - Prosperity General Manufacturing 1.1 Fund Manager's Basic Information: A Veteran with Over 5 Years of Product Management - Chen Baoguo is a master of finance from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, holding multiple positions at Western Lide Fund. He has 15 years of securities experience, 5 years of fund management experience, and currently manages 4 funds with a total scale of 1.258 billion yuan. His in - charge products include Western Lide Huixin 6 - month Holding, Western Lide Green Energy Mix, Western Lide Carbon Neutralization, and Western Lide Jingrui [6]. - The representative product, Western Lide Jingrui, has achieved a total return of 98.69% and an annualized return of 13.57% since Chen Baoguo took over on February 15, 2020 [7]. 1.2 Fund Manager's Investment Framework: Left - hand Reverse Investment in Long - term Prosperous Industries, Emphasizing Safety Margins - Investment philosophy: Seeking long - term logic and growing with the capital market, similar to being an "orchard farmer." The investment strategy involves finding companies with short - term callbacks but good long - term prospects in favored sectors for reverse investment or left - hand layout, while emphasizing safety margins [2][17]. - Stock - selection strategy: Qualitative screening focuses on company governance, platform level, and industry; quantitative analysis selects undervalued stocks with certain long - term prospects from good industries [17]. 2. Return - Risk Characteristics: Balancing Short - and Long - term Returns, Maintaining Growth Elasticity 2.1 Outstanding Performance Since Taking Over, Continuously Maintaining Elastic Returns Recently - Since taking over on February 15, 2020, Western Lide Jingrui has a cumulative return of 98.69%, ranking 9th among similar active equity funds. Its maximum drawdown is within the top 30% of similar products. After the market rebound on September 24, 2024, it still maintained prominent elasticity, with a cumulative return of 43.97% and a maximum drawdown within the top 50% of similar products [21]. - Compared with other high - performing products, Western Lide Jingrui is one of the few funds that focus on the advanced manufacturing field and maintain high elasticity recently [27]. - Western Lide Jingrui ranks 5th in the information ratio compared to the advanced manufacturing index among similar products, with a relatively low tracking error [29]. 2.2 Good Long - term Holding Profitability - As the holding time of Western Lide Jingrui increases, the historical probability of making money and the return rate gradually rise. The probability of making money after holding for five years is as high as 100%, with an average return of 91.4%. In different holding periods, its average return and winning rate exceed those of the Shenwan Advanced Manufacturing Index and the CSI 300 Total Return Index [31]. 3. Fund Holding Characteristics: Growth Investment with High Turnover, Outstanding Stock - selection Ability 3.1 Industry Allocation: Focusing on General Manufacturing, with Recent Industry Allocation Adjustments - Since taking over, Western Lide Jingrui has long focused on the general manufacturing sector, mainly including advanced manufacturing and technology industries. There have been two major industry allocation changes within the general manufacturing sector, with the focus shifting from power equipment to technology recently [34]. - In terms of secondary - industry allocation, it was previously concentrated in power equipment with a new - energy theme and has recently shown prominent characteristics in software development, semiconductors, and computer equipment [36]. 3.2 Investment Style: Growth - style Investment with High Turnover, Recently Tending towards Small - cap Growth - Since 2023, the fund's turnover rate has gradually increased, with the latest annualized turnover rate exceeding 12 times, and the investment style has changed from mid - and large - cap growth to small - cap growth [2][39]. - In the early stage, the fund's allocation was relatively balanced, but since the second half of 2022, it has mainly held small - and medium - cap stocks. The stability of heavy - position stocks has declined, but some stocks have been held continuously for more than three quarters [46][50]. - The heavy - position stock - selection ability is outstanding, and the heavy - position stocks can achieve relatively stable excess returns compared to the industry index [52]. 4. Fund Manager's Ability Circle: Excellent Performance in Prosperous Market Conditions, Long - term Outstanding Invisible Trading Capabilities, and Recent Prominent Industry Rotation, Allocation, and Stock - selection Abilities - The fund manager's investment strategy is suitable for prosperous market conditions, with high elasticity in high - prosperity industries. The product has shown continuous and prominent performance in prosperous market conditions since taking over [56]. - The long - term high turnover rate of Western Lide Jingrui is consistent with the investment strategy of selecting undervalued stocks and selling them in time after value regression. The long - term strong invisible trading ability indicates that the reverse investment strategy can provide stable returns [57]. - In late 2024, the fund manager adjusted the industry and stock allocation structure. The ability to rotate industries and select stocks is the basis for the product's long - term high elasticity and adaptability to prosperous market conditions [57]. 5. Fund Return Contribution Breakdown: Stock - selection and Industry Allocation Contribute Mainly to Excess Returns, with a Wide Stock - selection Ability Circle - The excess returns of Western Lide Jingrui since taking over can be explained by stock - selection and industry allocation, resulting from the investment strategy of selecting high - prosperity industries and undervalued stocks for left - hand layout. During the market decline from the second half of 2022 to the first half of 2024, trading also contributed significantly [61]. - The absolute and relative contributions of the automotive and power equipment industries are prominent. Technology industries such as communication, media, and computer also contribute excess returns in most periods, indicating that the fund manager's ability circle covers a wide general manufacturing field [65].

Group 1: Policy Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" (2021-2025) is transitioning into the "15th Five-Year Plan" (2026-2030), with a focus on strategic resources and urban renewal[2] - The management of strategic resources, particularly rare earths and lithium, will become stricter during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period[2] - The development of the marine economy is emphasized, with a focus on enhancing marine technology and fostering leading enterprises in marine science[2] Group 2: Economic Development Strategies - The planning process for the "15th Five-Year Plan" has increased its focus on the global political and economic landscape, highlighting the need for strategic adjustments[2] - Urban renewal policies will be advanced, aiming to establish sustainable urban renewal models and financing mechanisms[2] - The report indicates a significant increase in the focus on labor income distribution and its impact on consumption capacity, reflecting the importance of residents' income levels[29] Group 3: Research and Development Focus - The report outlines the need for innovative policies to support the cultivation of unicorn enterprises and future industries during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period[26] - There is a notable emphasis on the integration of technology and capital markets to enhance investment and financing coordination[32] - The report suggests that the international situation will be a critical factor in shaping the "15th Five-Year Plan" policies[7]

Investment Rating - The report rates the non-ferrous metals industry as "Overweight" indicating a positive outlook for the sector compared to the overall market performance [5][15]. Core Insights - The report anticipates significant earnings growth for key companies in the non-ferrous metals sector in the first half of 2025, with some companies expected to achieve over 50% year-on-year growth due to rising metal prices and increased production [4][5]. - The long-term trend for gold prices is expected to rise, driven by changes in monetary credit structures and low gold reserves in China, suggesting a sustained upward movement in gold prices [5]. - The copper market is projected to experience a long-term bullish cycle due to limited new supply and increasing demand from the renewable energy sector [5]. - The steel industry is expected to see improved supply-demand dynamics as the government addresses low-price competition among enterprises [5]. Summary by Sections Precious Metals - Key companies such as Shandong Gold, Shanjin International, and Zijin Mining are highlighted for their strong earnings growth potential in 2025H1, with year-on-year growth rates exceeding 50% for several firms [4][7]. - The report emphasizes the historical low valuation of the gold sector, suggesting potential for recovery and recommending stocks like Shandong Gold and Zijin Mining [5]. Industrial Metals - Copper prices are expected to rise in the long term due to limited new supply and increasing demand, with companies like Zijin Mining and Luoyang Molybdenum recommended for investment [5]. - The aluminum sector is projected to recover significantly in 2025, with companies like Yun Aluminum and China Hongqiao highlighted for their cost improvements and stable dividends [5]. Steel Industry - The report notes that the steel industry is undergoing a transformation with government measures to optimize supply and demand, recommending companies like Baosteel and Nanjing Steel for their stable earnings [5][10]. Growth Cycle Investment - The report suggests that after interest rate cuts, the valuation center for stable supply-demand sectors like new energy manufacturing is expected to rise, recommending companies such as Huafeng Aluminum and Asia-Pacific Technology [5].

Investment Rating - The report upgrades the investment rating to "Buy" [2][8] Core Views - The company plans to acquire 100% equity of Nantai Lake Power Technology Co., Ltd. for 1.457 billion yuan, which will enhance its heating and power generation capacity [5][8] - The acquisition will add 480t/h of heating capacity and 48MW of installed capacity, expected to boost revenue and net profit in the heating segment [5][8] - The company has a stable growth in the cogeneration business, being a leading player in Zhejiang province with six cogeneration companies [8] - The company commits to a minimum dividend payout ratio of 40%, with an estimated increase in dividend yield from 4.92% to 5.01% post-acquisition [8] - The financial forecast for net profit is revised to 940 million yuan for 2025, with further increases expected in subsequent years [7][8] Financial Data and Profit Forecast - Total revenue for 2025 is projected at 44,994 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 0.6% [7] - The net profit for 2025 is estimated at 940 million yuan, reflecting a 27.3% increase compared to the previous year [7] - Earnings per share (EPS) is expected to be 1.68 yuan for 2025, with a projected price-to-earnings (PE) ratio of 8 [7][8]

Group 1: Report Investment Ratings - The report does not mention the industry investment rating. Group 2: Core Views - The management model of Western Lide CSI Artificial Intelligence combines active and quantitative strategies organically to capture AI investment opportunities. The quantitative strategy aims to create a portfolio with strict exposure control, while the active strategy focuses on identifying investment opportunities in niche AI sectors [1][13]. - Since 2025, the performance of Western Lide CSI Artificial Intelligence has closely followed the benchmark index, with a slight lead in returns. It can moderately generate excess returns compared to passive index products and has relatively controllable risks compared to active equity products [1]. - The other products managed by the fund managers also have distinct characteristics. Western Lide Quantitative Optimization One - Year Holding has high turnover, a diversified portfolio, and focuses on small - cap stocks, while Western Lide Juhe has high turnover, high concentration, and obvious industry rotation features [1]. Group 3: Summary by Directory 1. Western Lide CSI Artificial Intelligence: Combining Active and Quantitative Strategies to Seize AI Investment Opportunities 1.1 Management Team - The fund is co - managed by Zhai Zijian (quantitative fund manager) and Wu Haijian (active fund manager). Zhai has an investment manager tenure of 1.73 years, manages 3 products with a total scale of 1.391 billion yuan, and started managing this fund on November 30, 2024. Wu has an investment manager tenure of 3.21 years, manages 2 products with a total scale of 408 million yuan, and started managing this fund on January 2, 2025 [1][5]. - Both managers have achieved good performance in their separately managed products. Zhai's other two products significantly outperformed the benchmark in 2025, and Wu's Western Lide Juhe achieved an excess return of over 15% compared to the benchmark in the first half of 2025 [6]. 1.2 Product Investment Framework - The quantitative part uses a multi - strategy framework including multi - factor and machine - learning strategies, with similar weightings. The goal is to create a portfolio with strict exposure control, limiting style deviations to within ±1% and keeping tracking errors low [13][14]. - The active part aims to identify investment opportunities in niche AI sectors. The research team conducts systematic tracking of the AI track, and the fund manager selects sectors with high prosperity and large space through top - down industry comparisons [14]. - The combination of quantitative and active strategies is an organic cooperation. When there are no clear investment opportunities, the product mainly relies on the quantitative strategy; when opportunities arise, it actively deviates and uses quantitative methods to control the deviation [16]. 1.3 Product Overview - Western Lide CSI Artificial Intelligence was established in June 2021, with a management fee of 1.20% and a custody fee of 0.20%. It is the only AI - themed enhanced fund in the market [18]. - The fund aims to achieve long - term stable appreciation of assets by controlling the daily average tracking deviation and annualized tracking error from the performance benchmark, with a target daily average tracking error of no more than 0.5% and an annualized tracking error of no more than 8% [18]. 2. Product Performance and Characteristics: Following the Index Closely in H1 2025 with Moderate Position Deviation 2.1 Performance - In the first half of 2025, the product achieved a 6.80% return, slightly leading the benchmark index's 6.26%. The net value trend was basically consistent with the index, with low tracking error [1][22]. - Compared with passive index products and active equity products, it can moderately generate excess returns and has relatively controllable risks [25]. 2.2 Product Holdings - Based on the top ten重仓 stocks in 25Q1, the product's holdings generally follow the index distribution with small - scale over - or under - weighting of individual stocks. Some stocks were over - weighted by about 0.4%, while others were under - weighted by about 1.2% [30]. 3. Summary of Other Products Managed by the Fund Managers 3.1 Western Lide Quantitative Optimization One - Year Holding - It has high turnover (over 10 times in 2024) and a highly diversified portfolio (the proportion of the top 30 stocks is less than 25%) [34]. - It focuses on small - cap stocks, with a small - cap allocation ratio ranging from 70% to 90% in each period, and does not over - allocate to micro - cap stocks [34]. - The heavy - position stocks rotate quickly, with a short heavy - position cycle (less than 2 quarters) and low weights (the highest single - stock weight is no more than 1%). Trading contributes significantly to excess returns [38][40]. 3.2 Western Lide Juhe - It has high turnover (over 10 times in each period and over 20 times in 2024) and a relatively concentrated portfolio (the proportion of the top ten heavy - position stocks is mostly over 60%) [49]. - It has a balanced market - cap style, with a relatively even allocation of large, medium, and small - cap stocks, and obvious industry rotation characteristics [52]. - Trading is the main source of excess returns, and the product has strong industry and stock - selection capabilities, stable hidden trading capabilities, and outstanding performance in upward markets [55][60].

韩强 A0230518060003 hanqiang@swsresearch.com 武雨桐 A0230520090001 wuyt@swsresearch.com 穆少阳 A0230524070009 musy@swsresearch.com 国防军工 2025 年 07 月 17 日 行 业 研 究 / 行 业 点 评 证 券 研 究 报 告 证券分析师 研究支持 田昕 A0230124060003 tianxin@swsresearch.com 联系人 田昕 (8621)23297818× tianxin@swsresearch.com 订单逐级有序传导，业绩拐点将至 看好 ——国防军工行业 2025 年二季报业绩前瞻 本期投资提示： 请务必仔细阅读正文之后的各项信息披露与声明 本研究报告仅通过邮件提供给 中庚基金 使用。1 行 业 及 产 业 ⚫ 订单逐级有序传导，业绩拐点将至。我们选取 48 家分布于军工产业链上中下游的重点 标的，当前总市值 13205.2 亿元，约占申万国防军工指数成分股总市值的 48.4%。我们 预计军工行业 48 家重点标的公司预计 2025Q2 业绩总计约 67.68 亿元 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for the company [2] Core Views - The company is expected to achieve a net profit attributable to shareholders of 150 to 180 million yuan for H1 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 182% to 239%. The non-recurring net profit is projected to be between 180 to 220 million yuan, showing a year-on-year growth of 567% to 715% [5][7] - The Q2 performance aligns with expectations, with a net profit of 46 to 76 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 34% to 122%, but a quarter-on-quarter decrease of 56% to 28%. The non-recurring net profit is expected to be between 91 to 131 million yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 731% to 1094% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 3.3% to 48% [7] - The integration of Gramer is showing positive results, with the company expected to continue improving profitability in the second half of the year. The seating business is also anticipated to recover as production ramps up for various models [7] Financial Data and Profit Forecast - The total revenue for 2025 is estimated at 24,581 million yuan, with a year-on-year growth rate of 10.4%. The net profit attributable to shareholders is projected to be 626 million yuan, with a significant year-on-year increase [6][9] - The earnings per share (EPS) for 2025 is expected to be 0.49 yuan, with a projected price-to-earnings (PE) ratio of 25 [6][9] - The report forecasts a net profit of 1,106 million yuan for 2026 and 1,460 million yuan for 2027, indicating a clear growth trajectory [6][9]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Optimistic" rating for the chemical industry, indicating a positive outlook for the sector in Q2 2025 [6]. Core Insights - The chemical industry is experiencing a recovery after a significant decline in prices, with supply disruptions increasing and clear bottom signals emerging. The industry is expected to see improved performance as demand gradually picks up [5][6]. - Key sub-sectors expected to show significant profit growth in H1 2025 include pesticides, fluorochemicals, civil explosives, potassium fertilizers, sweeteners, semiconductor manufacturing and packaging materials, display materials, and modified plastics [5]. - The report highlights the importance of focusing on specific segments that are likely to benefit from improved supply-demand dynamics, including traditional cyclical sectors and emerging growth areas such as electronic materials and new energy materials [6][7]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - In Q2 2025, the chemical industry is projected to recover from previous downturns, with Brent crude oil prices averaging $68.03 per barrel, down 20% year-on-year and 10% quarter-on-quarter. Natural gas prices increased by 52% year-on-year but decreased by 9% quarter-on-quarter [5]. - The report notes that the overall operating rate in the industry is expected to rise, with downstream demand gradually following suit, despite previous inventory levels being relatively high [5]. Key Company Forecasts - Major companies in the chemical sector are expected to report varying profit results for Q2 2025. For instance, Wanhua Chemical is projected to achieve a net profit of 2.5 billion yuan, down 38% year-on-year, while Baofeng Energy is expected to report a profit of 3 billion yuan, up 59% year-on-year [5][9]. - The report emphasizes the performance of specific companies, such as Juhua Co., which is expected to see a profit of 1.25 billion yuan, up 139% year-on-year, and Sanmei Co., projected to achieve 600 million yuan, up 162% year-on-year [5][9]. Sector-Specific Insights - The fluorochemical sector is highlighted for its ongoing positive trends, with the report suggesting that the adjustment of quota systems will not alter the long-term upward trajectory of refrigerants [7]. - The tire industry is also noted for potential recovery, with major players expected to benefit from improved cost structures and demand dynamics despite facing challenges from trade tariffs [7]. Growth Opportunities - The report identifies growth opportunities in the semiconductor materials sector, with companies like Yake Technology expected to report stable earnings. The domestic semiconductor industry is progressing towards greater self-sufficiency, which is anticipated to drive demand for related materials [7]. - New energy materials are also highlighted, with companies like Xinzhou Bang expected to see growth in profits, reflecting the ongoing transition towards sustainable energy solutions [7].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report - Credit - bond ETFs may become important asset allocation and liquidity management tools for institutional investors due to their low fees, controllable credit risks, good liquidity (T + 0), and leverage benefits, but they may have a certain "crowding - out" effect on existing bond investments [5]. - Under the expansion of credit - bond ETFs, seizing constituent bonds has become an important strategy for investors. Recently, affected by the expansion, the market has seen a continuous trend of seizing constituent bonds, with these bonds performing well, having significantly higher liquidity, and lower yields and credit spreads compared to non - constituent bonds [5]. - In a low - interest - rate environment and with the expansion of credit - bond ETFs, potential risks under changes in institutional behavior should be noted. In the face of significant market shocks, credit - bond ETFs may face significant discounts and redemption pressures [5]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Credit - bond ETF Mechanism Analysis 3.1.1 What is a Credit - bond ETF? - A credit - bond ETF is an open - ended index fund that is listed and traded on a stock exchange and invests in a portfolio of bonds listed on the stock exchange corresponding to a specific credit - bond index. Its investment goal is to minimize the tracking deviation and tracking error from the index, with requirements for controlling the absolute value of the daily average tracking deviation and the annualized tracking error. It has advantages such as low fees, controllable credit risks, good liquidity (T + 0), and leverage benefits (pledgeable for repurchase). It mainly invests in the constituent bonds and alternative bonds of the target index (≥ 80%/90% of the fund's net value), and its investment strategies include sampling replication and substitution strategies [2][9]. 3.1.2 How to Subscribe and Redeem Credit - bond ETFs? - The fund manager publishes the subscription and redemption list (PCF) before the market opens every day. The subscription and redemption of credit - bond ETFs follow a T + 0 confirmation and T + 2 fund settlement mechanism. On T day, investors can submit subscription or redemption applications during trading hours, and the shares or physical bonds are immediately available after the delivery of the consideration (portfolio bonds/cash). On T + 1 day, the settlement of cash substitution and the clearing of cash differences are carried out. Within T + 2 days, the settlement of cash differences is completed (the manager buys bonds on behalf of investors, with excess refunded and shortage supplemented). Except for short - term financing ETFs and some science - innovation bond ETFs (such as those of Fullgoal and Southern) which require full - cash substitution for subscription and redemption, others allow cash substitution for subscription but mostly do not allow it for redemption [2][32]. 3.1.3 Deconstruction of Credit - bond ETF Liquidity - T + 0 trading: Successfully subscribed shares can be used immediately, and can be sold, redeemed, or pledged on the same day. Bonds obtained from redemption can be sold, pledged, or used to subscribe for other ETFs on the same day. - Pledge repurchase: Currently, 9 credit - bond ETFs are included in the general pledge library, with a pledge rate mostly around 60% (determined by China Securities Depository and Clearing Corporation Limited based on the principle of prudence and updated daily). Science - innovation bond ETFs may also be included in the future. - Market - maker system: Market - makers provide liquidity services such as two - sided quotes, and market - making assessment indicators include hard requirements such as quote time coverage, maximum spread limit, and minimum quote volume [2][40]. 3.2 Main Investors in Credit - bond ETFs - Credit - bond ETF investors are mainly institutional investors, accounting for nearly 90%. Among the top ten investors, securities firms' proprietary trading accounts for the highest proportion (about 48%), and banks, trusts, and insurance companies are also important investors (with each accounting for over 10%) [2]. - Except for short - term financing ETFs and urban investment bond ETFs, the concentration of investors in other credit - bond ETFs is relatively high (the total proportion of the top ten investors often exceeds 60%). The top ten investors in the initial offering of benchmark market - making credit - bond ETFs and science - innovation bond ETFs are mostly securities firms' proprietary trading. However, the types of investors in benchmark market - making credit - bond ETFs are more diverse, while science - innovation bond ETFs have more institutions such as banks, trusts, and wealth management companies among their investors [2][70]. 3.3 Impact of Credit - bond ETFs on Institutional Behavior - Credit - bond ETFs may become important asset allocation and liquidity management tools for institutional investors, but they may also have a certain "crowding - out" effect on existing bond investments [5]. - Under the expansion of credit - bond ETFs, seizing constituent bonds has become an important strategy for investors, leading to better performance and higher liquidity of these bonds [5]. - In a low - interest - rate environment and with the expansion of credit - bond ETFs, in the face of significant market shocks, credit - bond ETFs may face significant discounts and redemption pressures. The impact on the market during the redemption stage may have different scenarios, including direct selling pressure on constituent bonds, a further decline in the liquidity of constituent bonds, and an increase in the redemption pressure on other bond funds [5].