丨证券研究报告丨 行业研究丨行业周报丨钢铁 [Table_Title] 钢铁实施出口许可证管理，影响几何？ 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 12 月 12 日，外贸司公告 2025 年第 79 号文，公布对部分钢铁产品实施出口许可证管理，将部 分钢铁产品纳入出口许可证管理的目录，对外贸易经营者出口上述货物，应凭货物出口合同、 生产商开具的产品质量检验合格证明申领出口许可证，公告自 2026 年 1 月 1 日起执行。强化 钢铁出口的管理，目的或是遏制以"买单出口"为代表的低端出口。买单出口本质是皮包贸易 公司和钢企虚构合同（即买单），以逃避增值税的方式出口。通过严控出口许可证的手段，使得 皮包贸易公司难以存续，也就切断了买单出口的关键环节。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 王鹤涛 赵超 易轰 吕士诚 SAC：S0490512070002 SAC：S0490519030001 SAC：S0490520080012 SAC：S0490525080005 SFC：BQT626 SFC：BUY139 SFC：BUZ394 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 %% %% %% %% research. ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the industry [11] Core Insights - The sales of sanitation equipment from January to October 2025 increased by 7.3% year-on-year, with new energy sanitation equipment sales growing by 66.6%. The penetration rate of new energy sanitation equipment reached 25.9% in October [2][6] - The competitive landscape for leading companies like Yingfeng Environment remains strong, although competition among top players is showing signs of marginal slowdown in the second half of 2025 [7][26] - The penetration rate of electric sanitation equipment in pilot cities reached approximately 27.7% from January to October 2025, indicating rapid progress in electrification [8][32] - The report highlights the growth opportunities for new energy sanitation equipment driven by carbon reduction policies and local government debt management strategies [9][37] Summary by Sections Sales Performance - From January to October 2025, sanitation equipment sales totaled 62,763 units, with a notable recovery in demand after years of decline. The sales in October alone reached 5,098 units, marking an 11.6% increase year-on-year [6][18] - New energy sanitation vehicle sales reached 11,605 units during the same period, with a cumulative penetration rate of approximately 18.5% [20][22] Competitive Landscape - The market concentration (CR10) for sanitation equipment was 55.3% in 2025, down from 58.6% in 2024, indicating increased competition from long-tail brands [7][26] - Yingfeng Environment leads the new energy sanitation equipment market with a 28.9% market share, followed by Yutong and Fulongma at 13.7% and 6.8%, respectively [30][31] Electrification Progress - The report notes that pilot cities for electric sanitation vehicles achieved a penetration rate of 27.7%, significantly higher than the national average of 18.5%. Cities like Zhengzhou and Shenzhen showed particularly high rates of 53.1% and 51.1% [8][32] Policy and Market Outlook - The report emphasizes that the growth of the sanitation equipment industry is closely tied to government policies and local fiscal conditions. The upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan" phase will focus on carbon emission control, which is expected to further drive the adoption of new energy sanitation equipment [9][37]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the banking industry is "Positive" and maintained [12] Core Insights - The fluctuations in the banking sector's funding at year-end are primarily due to changes in the allocation of trading funds. In early October, bank index funds saw significant inflows, with a record net inflow of 8.2 billion yuan in the week of October 17. However, there has been a continuous net outflow for five weeks, with a recent outflow of 2.6 billion yuan. This reflects changes in market risk appetite as the quarter and year-end approaches, with expectations that after the year-end, allocation forces will push up bank stock valuations and the scale of bank index funds [2][6][37]. - The mid-term dividend transactions are expected to have an impact. The four major state-owned banks have recently completed their mid-term dividend ex-dividend dates, which historically lead to stock price adjustments. The mid-term dividend ex-dividend dates for these banks have been moved up to December this year. It is anticipated that other large banks will also implement mid-term dividend ex-dividend dates towards the end of the year and before the Spring Festival. If these transactions cause stock price adjustments, it typically presents a good opportunity for long-term investors [7][39]. Summary by Sections Market Performance - The banking index has fallen by 1.6% this week, underperforming the CSI 300 and ChiNext indices by 1.5% and 4.3%, respectively. This marks the fourth consecutive week of decline for the banking sector, driven by a further recovery in market risk appetite, leading to fluctuations in fund behavior. Active funds that previously sought defensive positions have continued to flow out of the banking sector [20][22]. Dividend and Stock Performance - As of December 12, the average dividend yield for the six major state-owned banks in A-shares has risen to 3.94%, with a spread of 210 basis points over the 10-year government bond yield. The average dividend yield for H-shares is 5.14%, with an average discount rate of 23% compared to A-shares, remaining stable from the previous week [22][26]. Fund Flows - The banking index funds have experienced a significant net outflow recently, with a net outflow of 2.6 billion yuan this week. This trend is expected to continue reflecting changes in market risk preferences as the year-end approaches. The report anticipates that after the year-end, the allocation forces will likely push up bank stock valuations and the scale of bank index funds [6][37]. Economic Policy Context - The Central Economic Work Conference held on December 10-11 emphasized the need to expand domestic demand and boost consumption as primary tasks. It also highlighted the importance of addressing risks in key areas such as real estate and local government debt, which remain critical concerns for the financial sector [8][43][44].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the airport service industry [8]. Core Insights - The introduction of foreign participants in the new round of duty-free tenders at Shanghai Pudong, Hongqiao, and Beijing Capital airports marks a significant change in the competitive landscape [2][4]. - Dufry, a global leader in travel retail, has entered the bidding process, indicating a shift towards a more diversified and competitive market in China's duty-free sector [4][21]. - The bidding rules now allow only one segment win per bidder, breaking the previous monopoly held by China Duty Free Group [14][21]. - The overall commission rates for duty-free contracts are expected to increase unless there is a substantial growth in sales volumes [2][6]. Summary by Sections Duty-Free Tender Competition Intensifies - Major airports in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have seen a significant drop in international passenger numbers from 2020 to 2022, leading to the expiration of restructured duty-free contracts [4][16]. - The new bidding process allows for foreign companies to participate, which is a departure from the previous exclusive operations by domestic firms [14][21]. Changes in Duty-Free Contract Commission Rates - The new contracts at Shanghai Airport utilize a "fixed rent + additional commission" model, which is a high minimum guarantee combined with lower commission rates [6][40]. - If the sales volume at Shanghai Pudong Airport reaches 15 billion yuan, the comprehensive commission rate could drop to approximately 22%, aligning with previous contract levels [6][40]. Airport Fundamentals and Recovery - The airport sector is undergoing significant fixed asset investments due to historical external shocks, with a stable recovery in passenger volumes expected [7][43]. - Airports like Shenzhen, Guangzhou, and Shanghai are projected to have absolute yield value amidst improving mid-term operational data [7][43].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the real estate industry is "Positive" and maintained [10] Core Insights - The central economic work conference's statements regarding real estate provide important clues for understanding next year's industry policies. The policy goals continue to focus on risk prevention and market stabilization, with the potential for policy windows to open as thresholds approach. Inventory reduction may involve traditional demand support measures and tools like old renovation or storage. Supply optimization aims to enhance the quality of new residential buildings. The reform of the housing provident fund system may involve higher-level considerations beyond basic aspects like withdrawal, limits, and interest rates [2][8] - The policy goal of stabilizing the market has significantly boosted market expectations, but since April, marginal downward pressure has increased. The probability of easing industrial policies is gradually rising, and the pace of implementation is merely a timing issue. The rapid decline in industry volume and price may have passed, with structural highlights in core areas and quality properties. The current stock prices of quality real estate companies are not far from their bottom, providing room for rebound as market valuations rise. Emphasis should be placed on quality real estate firms with low inventory, good locations, and product strength, as well as stable cash flow from leading brokerage firms, commercial real estate, and state-owned property management companies [4][8] Market Performance - This week, the Yangtze River Real Estate Index decreased by 2.55%, with an excess return of -2.47% relative to the CSI 300, ranking 29th out of 32 industries. Year-to-date, the real estate index has increased by 3.87%, with an excess return of -12.55% relative to the CSI 300, ranking 27th out of 32 [5][14] - The performance of the real estate sector was poor this week, primarily driven by declines in development-related stocks, while property management and rental stocks showed mixed results [5] Policy Developments - The central economic work conference emphasized city-specific policies to control increments, reduce inventory, optimize supply, and deepen the housing provident fund system reform. It aims to stabilize the real estate market and encourage the acquisition of existing properties for affordable housing [6][16] - Local policies include Shenzhen's optimization of housing provident fund withdrawal regulations, allowing full withdrawals for families with one property and 60% for those with two. Shandong has introduced a housing "old-for-new" program, including three models: selling old for new, exchanging old for new, and demolishing old for new [6][16] Sales Data - This week, the sample cities' new housing transaction area saw a four-week rolling year-on-year decline of 45.6%, while second-hand housing transactions dropped by 28.6%. Year-to-date, new housing transaction area has decreased by 15.8%, while second-hand housing has increased by 4.2% [7][17] - As of December 12, the new housing transaction area in 37 cities showed a month-on-month decline of 41.7%, while second-hand housing transactions decreased by 36.3% [7][17]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the coal industry [9]. Core Viewpoints - Since late November, thermal coal prices have significantly declined due to abnormal weather, accelerated production resumption, and concerns over potential electricity price reductions in 2026. Despite the recent rapid price drop, the report anticipates an improvement in coal demand in 2026, with limited supply capacity utilization, suggesting a potential increase in the price baseline [2][7]. - The report emphasizes that while coal prices are currently under pressure due to weak demand, factors such as cold weather and snowfall could stabilize and potentially increase prices in the future [6][31]. Summary by Sections Market Performance - The coal index (Yangtze) fell by 3.71%, underperforming the CSI 300 index by 3.63 percentage points, ranking last among all industries [30]. - As of December 12, the market price for thermal coal at Qinhuangdao was 745 RMB/ton, down 40 RMB/ton week-on-week [6][58]. Supply and Demand Outlook - The report outlines that the recent decline in coal prices is attributed to several factors: warmer weather leading to lower electricity consumption, increased coal supply from resumed production, and concerns regarding electricity price negotiations for 2026 [7]. - The demand outlook for 2026 is optimistic, with expectations of stable or slightly positive growth in thermal power generation, despite potential long-term impacts from energy storage technologies [7][8]. - On the supply side, the report notes that while there may be new production capacity in 2026, overall supply growth is expected to remain limited due to ongoing regulatory controls on excessive production [7][8]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies with a balanced risk-reward profile, recommending stocks such as Yanzhou Coal Mining Company and China Shenhua Energy for their strong fundamentals and dividend potential [7][8]. - It also highlights the potential for higher returns from currently undervalued stocks if demand improves and coal prices rise unexpectedly, suggesting companies like Huayang Co. and Jinkong Coal Industry as potential targets [7][8].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the non-bank financial sector [7]. Core Insights - The non-bank financial sector has shown strong overall performance this week, with brokerage firms experiencing an increase in market activity, maintaining historical highs. It is expected that the sector will continue to see high growth trends in earnings through 2025, suggesting a focus on the sector's future allocation value [2][4]. - In the insurance sector, the third-quarter reports have confirmed the logic of deposit migration, increased equity allocation, and improved new policy costs. The long-term return on equity (ROE) is expected to improve, leading to a potential acceleration in valuation recovery. The overall cost-effectiveness of allocations is gradually increasing, indicating a revaluation of the sector is underway [2][4]. - Recommendations include focusing on companies with stable earnings growth and dividend rates, such as Jiangsu Jinzu, China Ping An, and China Pacific Insurance, which have clear advantages in business models and market positions. Additionally, companies like Xinhua Insurance, China Life, Hong Kong Stock Exchange, CITIC Securities, Dongfang Wealth, Tonghuashun, and Jiufang Zhitu Holdings are also recommended based on their performance elasticity and valuation levels [4]. Market Performance - The non-bank financial index increased by 0.8% this week, with an excess return of 0.9% relative to the CSI 300, ranking high in the industry [5]. - Year-to-date, the non-bank financial index has risen by 6.7%, but with an excess return of -9.7% compared to the CSI 300, ranking lower in the industry [5]. - The average daily trading volume in the two markets reached 19,530.44 billion yuan, a week-on-week increase of 15.14%, with a daily turnover rate of 2.03%, up by 26.88 basis points [5]. Key Industry News & Company Announcements - China Life's cumulative total premium income has exceeded 700 billion yuan [6]. - Guosen Securities plans to distribute cash dividends totaling approximately 1.024 billion yuan, accounting for 11.21% of the net profit attributable to shareholders for the first three quarters [6]. - Industrial Securities announced a mid-term profit distribution plan, with a total cash dividend of 432 million yuan based on a total share capital of 8.636 billion shares [6].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the industry [8] Core Insights - The U.S. announced the lifting of sanctions on Belarusian potash fertilizers, aiming for normalization of relations with Minsk, which may have limited direct impact on global potash supply-demand balance [2][6] - Potash demand remains strong while supply growth is limited, indicating a favorable outlook for the industry [2][12] - Key companies to watch in the potash sector include Yara International, Salt Lake Potash, Oriental Tower, and Zangge Mining [2] Summary by Sections Event Description - On December 13, 2025, U.S. Special Envoy John Coale met with Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, announcing the lifting of sanctions on potash fertilizers [6] Market Dynamics - The price of cyclical products is primarily determined by supply and demand rather than costs. The lifting of sanctions by the U.S. is not expected to significantly alter the global potash supply-demand balance but may reduce Belarusian potash costs [12] - Belarus is the third-largest potash producer globally, with a market share of approximately 16%. Sanctions in 2022 led to a significant reduction in supply and a surge in global potash prices [12] Supply Recovery - Belarusian potash production, which fell to 5.408 million tons in 2022 due to sanctions, has been recovering, reaching 11.559 million tons in 2024, close to its historical peak of 13 million tons in 2021 [12] - The lifting of U.S. sanctions is expected to have a limited overall impact, as Belarusian potash costs remain high due to ongoing EU and Lithuanian sanctions [12] Demand Outlook - The demand for potash is expected to remain robust, driven by high prices of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers, with potash prices being competitive [12] - In the first half of 2025, potash exports from Canada, Russia, and Belarus increased by 26%, 5%, and 18% respectively, indicating strong demand [12] Capital Expenditure and Supply Constraints - The potash industry has seen limited capital expenditure due to prolonged periods of low prices, leading to constrained future supply growth [12] - The cyclical nature of the industry means that prices are more influenced by supply-demand dynamics than by production costs [12]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" and maintained [8] Core Insights - Over the past decade, China's imported whiskey has seen a simultaneous increase in both volume and price, with imports expected to surpass brandy by 2025, establishing whiskey as the new king of imported spirits [2][4] - In 2024, the import value of whiskey in China reached 451.43 million USD, a 280.52% increase compared to 2015, with a CAGR of 14.3%. The import volume reached 29.19 million liters, an 85.11% increase from 2015, with a CAGR of 6.35% [4][14] - The average import price of whiskey was 12.55 USD/liter in 2024, reflecting a 105.56% increase since 2015, with a CAGR of 7.47% [4][14] - The period from 2016 to 2021 marked a phase of rapid growth for imported whiskey, while the last two years have seen a weakening in price due to consumer spending power [4][14] - In the first ten months of 2025, the cumulative import value, volume, and price of whiskey showed a year-on-year change of 0.21%, 26.61%, and -20.85% respectively, indicating a recovery in overall growth despite price pressures [4][14] Summary by Sections Whiskey Market Dynamics - The import volume of whiskey has surpassed that of brandy for the first time, with brandy facing a decline due to anti-dumping taxes and changing market dynamics. In 2024, brandy and whiskey accounted for approximately 58% and 21% of the imported spirits market value, respectively [5][21] - By the first ten months of 2025, the import value of brandy and whiskey was approximately 38% and 27%, with the import volume at 18% and 31%, respectively, indicating a significant shift in market share [5][21] Competitive Landscape - Scottish whiskey maintains a strong position in the market, while Japanese whiskey is experiencing a decline in popularity due to reduced consumer demand and high inventory levels among distributors. Scottish whiskey's import price is about half that of Japanese whiskey, allowing it to capture approximately 78% of the market share [6][27] - Major brands like Diageo and Pernod Ricard are leading the Scottish whiskey segment, with market shares of approximately 23% and 21% respectively in 2024 [6][27] Future Outlook - Despite global consumption fatigue impacting whiskey demand, brands like Macallan, Diageo, and Pernod Ricard are performing well in China. The market is expected to continue its positive development, with increasing penetration rates for whiskey [7][34] - The report highlights the potential for greater opportunities in the whiskey market, particularly for companies like Bai Run Co., which has ample production capacity and strong marketing capabilities [7][34]

Investment Rating - The report initiates coverage with a "Buy" rating for the company [11][13]. Core Viewpoints - The company is a global leader in the chromium salt industry, employing a market share-first and low-cost expansion strategy, which enhances its scale advantages. The company is set to benefit from the growing demand for chromium salts, particularly in high-growth sectors such as high-temperature alloys and metal chromium, while supply constraints are expected to tighten the market [3][11]. Company Overview - The company is engaged in the research, production, and sales of chromium compounds and by-products, utilizing advanced clean production technologies. Its main products include sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, chromium anhydride, chromium oxide green, and others, which are widely used across various industries [6][20][24]. Demand Side - The demand for chromium salts is primarily driven by traditional sectors such as leather tanning (30.7%), surface treatment (26.5%), refractory materials and metal chromium (21.1%), and pigments (12.0%). The growth in high-temperature alloys is expected to significantly boost the demand for metal chromium and, consequently, chromium salts [7][56][66]. Supply Side - The production of chromium salts faces high environmental barriers, with a significant concentration in China, which accounts for over 40% of global production. The company holds a dominant market share of over 50% in China, benefiting from its advanced production techniques that minimize waste [8][24][27]. Market Outlook - The report anticipates a tightening supply-demand balance in the chromium salt market, driven by limited supply growth and increasing demand from high-temperature alloys and other emerging sectors. The company is expected to see a gradual increase in production capacity, particularly following the relocation of its Chongqing base [9][10][36]. Financial Performance - The company has demonstrated steady revenue and profit growth since 2020, with a projected revenue of CNY 40.7 billion in 2024, reflecting a 10% year-on-year increase. The net profit for the same year is expected to reach CNY 4.7 billion, a 27.5% increase from the previous year [36][39][46].