Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the slow progress of RMB internationalization compared to China's growing global economic status, exploring the feasibility and implications of accelerating this process from the perspective of "liquidity premium" [1]. Group 1: Current State of RMB Internationalization - The current level of RMB internationalization is not commensurate with China's economic scale, with RMB's share in foreign exchange trading, international payments, trade financing, and reserve currency significantly lower than its GDP share [4][5]. - RMB's share in global payments is estimated to be around 8%, with a significant portion of international payments occurring in Hong Kong [4][11]. - Historical data shows that accelerating RMB internationalization does not necessarily lead to depreciation; for instance, after the 2005 exchange rate reform, the RMB appreciated against the USD for nine consecutive years [4][27]. Group 2: Factors Influencing RMB Internationalization - The RMB market exchange rate is undervalued compared to its purchasing power parity (PPP) rate, indicating a high liquidity premium due to insufficient global liquidity [4][28]. - The current excessive liquidity of the USD, which constitutes 48.46% of global payment currency and 57.8% of reserve currency, creates a situation where the USD is overvalued [47][48]. - The external environment, including the declining USD index and rising US debt pressure, presents a favorable opportunity for RMB internationalization [40][41]. Group 3: Recommendations for Accelerating RMB Internationalization - Suggestions include further opening the capital account, providing exchange convenience for enterprises and residents, and studying the legislation of RMB stablecoins to enhance RMB's international payment and settlement roles [56][62]. - The article emphasizes the need for the central bank to gradually reduce its holdings of USD assets and increase gold reserves, which would enhance RMB's credibility [63][67]. Group 4: Economic Implications of RMB Internationalization - Accelerating RMB internationalization is expected to facilitate China's economic transformation, allowing for a potential reduction in GDP growth targets as the RMB appreciates [68][69]. - The internationalization of the RMB can help Chinese enterprises grow stronger by attracting foreign investment into the A-share market and supporting overseas mergers and acquisitions [10][73].

Core Insights - The A500 index components showed mixed performance, with Longxin Zhongke leading gains at 7.82% and Yinghe Technology experiencing the largest decline [1] - The A500 ETF fund demonstrated active trading with a turnover of 14% and a transaction volume of 2.229 billion yuan, indicating a vibrant market [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index reached a new high for the year, driven by favorable factors such as reduced Middle East risks and expectations of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve [1][2] Market Performance - As of June 30, the A500 ETF fund had an average daily transaction volume of 3.751 billion yuan over the past week, ranking first among comparable funds [1] - The top ten weighted stocks in the A500 index accounted for 20.67% of the index, with Kweichow Moutai, CATL, and Ping An Insurance being the most significant contributors [2][4] Sector Focus - The financial sector has played a crucial role in the recent index breakout, but its influence may be nearing its end, paving the way for growth sectors, particularly in the technology space [2] - The A500 index is designed to reflect the overall performance of the most representative listed companies across various industries, selected based on market capitalization and liquidity [2]

Group 1: Macro Insights - The PMI for June is reported at 49.7, indicating continued improvement in manufacturing sentiment, with production and demand returning to expansion territory [8][9][13] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" is nearing completion, with most economic and social development indicators expected to be met, while some targets in innovation and green ecology still require effort [3][4] - The upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" is anticipated to emphasize three key themes: transitional guidance, unwavering commitment to new productive forces, and adaptive economic strategies [2][4][5] Group 2: Agricultural Sector - The number of breeding sows slightly increased in May, while the price of pork is expected to show a downward trend year-on-year, with stable operations anticipated throughout the year [20][22] - The pet food industry is experiencing growth, with an increase in market share for quality enterprises, despite a decline in export volume in May [20][23] - The price of yellow chickens is correlated with pork prices, suggesting potential upward movement in the future due to low supply levels [24]

Core Viewpoint - The Hong Kong IPO market is experiencing a strong recovery in the first half of 2025, with an increase in new listings and fundraising, making it a focal point for global capital markets [2][3]. Group 1: Market Performance - In the first half of 2025, 42 traditional IPO projects were completed in Hong Kong, raising over 105 billion HKD, surpassing the total fundraising amounts of 2022, 2023, and 2024 [3]. - The number of new listings in Hong Kong increased by 40% compared to the same period last year, with total fundraising reaching a global high [13]. - The average daily trading volume in the secondary market rose from 1,048 billion HKD in 2023 to 2,394 billion HKD in 2025, marking a liquidity increase of 128% [13]. Group 2: International Investment Trends - International funds are shifting from a "risk-averse" approach to a "risk and return rebalancing," with increased interest in the Asia-Pacific markets, including China [4]. - The influx of capital into Hong Kong has risen significantly, from 366 billion USD in early 2024 to 506 billion USD by April 2025, the highest level since 2000 [4]. - A survey indicated a dramatic change in investor sentiment, with many now favoring the Asia-Pacific markets over the US [4]. Group 3: Policy and Regulatory Support - The Hong Kong IPO market is benefiting from supportive policies and optimized listing regulations, which have been implemented since September of last year [7]. - The Chinese government has encouraged qualified domestic companies to list abroad, enhancing Hong Kong's role as a financing hub [7]. - Recent regulatory changes have made it easier for unprofitable biotech and technology companies to go public in Hong Kong [7][9]. Group 4: Valuation and Liquidity - The Hong Kong market is experiencing a valuation recovery driven by technical breakthroughs and improved liquidity, positively impacting new stocks [10][11]. - The Hang Seng Index has shown a bullish trend since January 2024, indicating a full recovery of market vitality [12]. - The current market environment is fostering a virtuous cycle of increased investor confidence and market activity [13]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The IPO market in Hong Kong is expected to maintain its momentum in the second half of 2025, with over 170 listing applications currently in process [13]. - It is anticipated that around 80 new companies will list in Hong Kong in 2025, raising approximately 200 billion HKD [13]. - The trend of A-share leading companies seeking dual listings in Hong Kong is becoming more prevalent, driven by the need for international exposure and diversified financing [9].

Core Viewpoint - The central bank is increasingly focusing on the bond market, particularly on the changes in long-term yields, as it navigates a shift from a bull market to a more volatile environment in 2025 [1][3][6]. Group 1: Monetary Policy and Market Dynamics - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) is expected to maintain a "moderately loose" monetary policy, with room for further rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio (RRR) reductions [1][6][7]. - The PBOC's second-quarter monetary policy meeting emphasized the need to enhance the guidance of policy interest rates and improve the transmission mechanism of market interest rates [3][7]. - Analysts predict that while bond yields are likely to trend downward, a significant unilateral decline is unlikely due to external risks and the need for economic stability [6][8]. Group 2: Bond Market Performance - In the first half of 2025, the bond market experienced significant volatility, with long-term yields initially rising before declining, influenced by changes in central bank attitudes and liquidity conditions [4][5]. - The 10-year government bond yield fluctuated from approximately 1.6% to 1.9% in early 2025, reflecting a cautious liquidity stance from the central bank [4]. - As of June 30, 2025, major interbank bond yields showed slight increases, indicating a mixed market sentiment [5]. Group 3: Future Outlook - Analysts foresee that the bond market will continue to experience fluctuations, with the 10-year government bond yield expected to remain within the range of 1.5% to 1.8% [6][7]. - The market is particularly attentive to the timing of potential RRR cuts and interest rate reductions, which could influence bond market volatility [7][8]. - The overall expectation is that the bond market will not replicate the previous year's bull run, but rather remain in a state of oscillation due to various economic pressures [6][8].

Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided regarding the report industry investment rating. Core Viewpoints - The Chinese economy shows mixed signals with some indicators stable and others facing challenges. The manufacturing PMI improved slightly in May, while PPI continued to decline, and industrial enterprise profits were under pressure. Fiscal policy is expected to play a more active role in the second half of the year, and the bond market is generally optimistic in July. The stock market presents structural opportunities, especially in certain sectors like innovation drugs and AI - related areas [2][14][22][33] - Global trade is affected by the US "equivalent tariff" policy, which has drawn strong opposition from China. International geopolitical events also impact commodity markets, such as the situation in the Middle East affecting the oil market, and Canada's digital service tax on US tech companies causing trade frictions [3][15] - The gold market has long - term upward potential but is subject to significant short - term volatility due to Trump's unpredictable policies. The copper market has seen shortages outside the US due to import investigations, and the lithium market continues its downward trend [5][6] Summary by Directory 1. Macro Data - GDP in Q1 2025 grew at a 5.4% year - on - year rate, the same as the previous quarter and slightly higher than the same period last year. The manufacturing PMI in May was 49.5%, up 0.5 percentage points from April, while the non - manufacturing PMI was 50.3%, down 0.1 percentage points from April. Social financing scale, M0, M1, M2, and other monetary indicators showed different trends, and industrial enterprise profits in January - May decreased by 1.1% year - on - year [1] - The trade balance in May showed exports growing by 4.8% year - on - year and imports declining by 3.4% year - on - year. The CPI was - 0.1% year - on - year, and the PPI was - 3.3% year - on - year [1] 2. Commodity Investment Reference Comprehensive - China will release June PMI data on June 30. The fiscal policy is expected to accelerate the implementation of existing policies in the second half of the year, and incremental policies may be introduced. The US "equivalent tariff" policy has been strongly opposed by China, and domestic refined oil prices may rise on July 1 [2][3] - The Fed's preferred inflation indicator, the core PCE price index, rose 2.7% year - on - year in May, slightly exceeding market expectations. Personal consumption and income declined, and the Fed may cut interest rates twice this year, with the first cut possibly in September [4] Metals - In May, the upstream physical gold demand weakened seasonally, and the gold出库 volume of the Shanghai Gold Exchange decreased by 35% month - on - month. Gold prices have been oscillating at a high level recently, and there is long - term upward potential. The copper market outside the US is facing shortages, and the price of battery - grade lithium carbonate has fallen below 60,000 yuan/ton [5][6] Coal, Coke, Steel, and Minerals - Canada imposed a 50% tariff on steel imports from non - free - trade - agreement countries. The iron ore market may face negative feedback in the future due to factors such as the end of export rush and unstable domestic demand [8] Energy and Chemicals - China's first national - level continental shale oil demonstration area in Xinjiang reached a record high daily output. The Haifa refinery in Israel has partially resumed production. The ICE Brent crude oil speculators reduced their net long positions, and OPEC+ may discuss increasing production in July [10] Agricultural Products - China decided to conditionally resume the import of aquatic products from some regions of Japan. Argentine exporters have declared 6.1 million metric tons of soybeans and their derivatives for external sales in June [11] 3. Financial News Compilation Open Market - On June 27, the central bank conducted 525.9 billion yuan of 7 - day reverse repurchase operations, with a net investment of 364.7 billion yuan. This week, 2.0275 trillion yuan of reverse repurchase will mature [13] Key News - The central bank's monetary policy committee suggested strengthening policy regulation. The fiscal policy will focus on implementing existing policies and may introduce incremental policies. The Sino - US trade teams are in close communication, and China will approve eligible export applications, while the US will cancel some restrictive measures [14] - From January to May, the total profit of national industrial enterprises above the designated size was 2.72 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 1.1%. The total revenue of state - owned enterprises was 32.81 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 0.1%, and the total profit was 1.65 trillion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 2.8% [16] - The bond market is generally positive, with most yields of major interest - rate bonds in the inter - bank market declining. The exchange - traded bond market had some bonds rising and falling, and the convertible bond market also showed different trends. Overseas, European and US bond yields generally increased [22][24][25] Exchange Market - The on - shore RMB against the US dollar closed at 7.1690 on June 30, down 6.0 basis points from the previous trading day. The US dollar index fell 0.04% in New York trading [26] Research Report Highlights - CITIC Securities believes that the RMB exchange rate may maintain a low - volatility state in the short term. The current active equity products are over - allocated in stocks and under - allocated in bonds, and future products may increase the allocation of equity assets with similar bond attributes [27] - Huatai Macro points out that the impact of tariffs on industrial enterprise profits is emerging, and there is still great uncertainty in tariff policies after July 9. Guosheng Fixed Income suggests maintaining a long - term position in bonds and seizing the bull market after the end of the quarter [28][29] Today's Reminders - On June 30, 241 bonds will be listed, 38 bonds will be issued, 67 bonds will make payments, and 617 bonds will pay principal and interest [30] 4. Stock Market Key News - Starting from June 30, the share transaction fee in the Hong Kong market will be adjusted from 0.002% to 0.0042% of the transaction amount, which is beneficial for reducing small - scale transaction costs and optimizing institutional investors' trading strategies [31] - In the first half of this year, hot topics such as innovative drugs, humanoid robots, and the Beijing Stock Exchange drove the market. The performance of funds investing in innovative drugs was outstanding, while AI - themed funds had poor performance. The Hong Kong stock market's financing was booming, and the A - share market showed an upward trend last week [32][33] - Some institutions believe that the stock market will present structural opportunities during the interim report season. AI and military industries are expected to be the focus of structural opportunities in the third quarter, and new consumption and innovative drugs may rebound after June 30 [33][34]

Key Points Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating - The report does not provide an overall industry investment rating. However, it gives rating criteria for different types of bonds: - **Interest - rate bonds**: Based on the net price change of interest - rate bonds within 3 months after the report date. "Increase holding" means interest risk decreases and net price has room to rise; "Neutral" means interest risk is stable and net price has minor fluctuations; "Reduce holding" means interest risk increases and net price has room to fall [40]. - **Credit bonds**: Based on the net price change of credit bonds within 3 months after the report date. "Increase holding" means credit risk decreases and net price has room to rise; "Neutral" means credit risk is stable and net price has minor fluctuations; "Reduce holding" means credit risk increases and net price has room to fall [41]. - **Convertible bonds**: Based on the change of convertible bond price relative to the CSI Convertible Bond Index within 3 months after the report date. "Increase holding" means convertible bonds perform better than the index; "Neutral" means performance is the same as the index; "Reduce holding" means performance is worse than the index [42]. 2. Core Viewpoints - **Funds**: In the next week, the net financing scale of government bonds will decline, and the central bank is expected to withdraw funds as usual at the beginning of the month. The funds market is likely to maintain a balanced operation and cross the month smoothly [1]. - **Certificates of Deposit (CDs)**: In the next week, the maturity scale of CDs is about 0.25 trillion yuan, and the supply pressure will decrease. The funds market at the beginning of the month is expected to return to a balanced and loose state, and CD yields may show a volatile trend [1]. - **Institutional Behavior**: Funds, rural commercial banks, and other products are the main buyers of interest - rate bonds, and the net buying power of rural commercial banks has significantly rebounded [1]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Weekly Liquidity Tracking 3.1.1 Funds Review - **Central Bank's Operations**: From June 23 - 27, 2025, the central bank had a net funds injection of 1267.2 billion yuan. This month, the net injection of MLF was 118 billion yuan, and the net injection of outright repurchase was 20 billion yuan. The OMO stock increased to 2027.5 billion yuan [10]. - **Exchange Rate Movement**: During the statistical period, the RMB depreciated by 1.62 basis points against the US dollar due to uncertainties in US tariffs and the increasing expectation of Fed rate cuts [10]. - **Government Bond Progress**: In the past week, the net financing of national bonds was 111 billion yuan, and the net financing since the beginning of the year was 3350.16 billion yuan, completing 50.3% of the annual plan. The issuance of new local bonds was 479.467 billion yuan, and the issuance since the beginning of the year was 2558.12 billion yuan, completing 49.2% of the annual plan. As of June 27, the issuance of special refinancing bonds for replacing implicit debts was 1.8 trillion yuan, completing 89.8% of the annual plan [13]. - **Funds Structure**: During the statistical period, the lending scale of national and joint - stock banks exceeded 5 trillion yuan, the lending scale of money market funds and wealth management products decreased, and the overall borrowing scale of non - bank institutions decreased significantly. Due to the strong demand for cross - month funds, the core funds rate increased marginally, and the R - series and DR - series moved basically in sync, with an obvious increase in liquidity stratification [16]. 3.1.2 CD Review - **Primary Market**: From June 23 - 27, 2025, the net financing of inter - bank CDs was - 411.35 billion yuan, and the issuance totaled 736.46 billion yuan, with a maturity volume of 1137.81 billion yuan. The average primary issuance rate was 1.6409% (previous value: 1.6556%). In the next three weeks, the maturities of inter - bank CDs will be 245.79 billion, 510.52 billion, and 802.81 billion yuan respectively [19]. - **Secondary Market**: During the statistical period, large banks, money market funds, and wealth management products continued to increase their holdings, while insurance companies and other product accounts continued to hold. Joint - stock banks changed from buying to selling. City and rural commercial banks were still the largest counterparties. The secondary market yield of CDs fluctuated slightly upward, the yield curve remained inverted, and the curve above 3M steepened. The yields of 1M/3M/6M/9M/1Y CDs changed by 3.37BP/0.50BP/1.00BP/0.35BP/0.85BP respectively [21]. 3.1.3 Next Week's Focus - **Funds**: The central bank continued to over - renew MLF in June, and has been renewing MLF for 4 consecutive months to inject liquidity, combined with a net injection of 20 billion yuan in outright repurchase. The funds market was in a balanced and loose state. In the next week, the net financing scale of government bonds will decline, and the central bank is expected to withdraw funds as usual at the beginning of the month. The funds market is likely to maintain a balanced operation and cross the month smoothly [25]. - **CDs**: In the past month, the net financing of CDs remained negative. The central bank's increased open - market operations effectively relieved the banks' liability pressure, and the central level of primary CD rates decreased. In the next week, the maturity scale of CDs is about 0.25 trillion yuan, and the supply pressure will decrease. The funds market at the beginning of the month is expected to return to a balanced and loose state, and CD yields may show a volatile trend [26]. 3.2 Weekly Institutional Behavior Tracking - **Long - term Bond Funds' Duration**: On June 27, the median of the 10 - day rolling average duration of long - term bond funds was 3.91 years, a slight increase from the previous period [31]. - **Institutional Bond - Buying Behavior** - **Large Banks' Bond - Buying**: In the past week, large banks bought 28.7 billion yuan of national bonds (previous week: 51.7 billion yuan), a slight decline [31]. - **Interest - rate Bond Buyers**: Funds, rural commercial banks, and other products are the main buyers. Rural commercial banks' net buying power has significantly rebounded. In the past week, funds' net buying of interest - rate bonds was 89 billion yuan (previous week: 141.3 billion yuan), rural commercial banks' net buying was 47.3 billion yuan (previous week: - 127.2 billion yuan), and other products' net buying was 23.6 billion yuan (previous week: 42.8 billion yuan) [31]. - **CD Buyers**: Large banks, money market funds, wealth management products, and insurance companies are the main buyers. The net buying power of large banks and money market funds has significantly increased, while that of wealth management products and other products has decreased. In the past week, large banks' net buying of CDs was 73.2 billion yuan (previous week: 33.7 billion yuan), money market funds' net buying was 57.3 billion yuan (previous week: 41.6 billion yuan), wealth management products' net buying was 48.4 billion yuan (previous week: 80.9 billion yuan), and insurance companies' net buying was 23.5 billion yuan (previous week: 28 billion yuan) [31]. - **Credit Bond Buyers**: The net buying scale of major non - bank buyers of credit bonds has slightly declined. For credit bonds over 5 years, the net buying scale of non - bank buyers remained basically the same. Overall, funds, wealth management products, other products, money market funds, and insurance companies all participated in buying credit bonds, showing a balanced situation. For credit bonds over 5 years, insurance companies, wealth management products, and other products had strong buying power [31]. - **Secondary Bond Buyers**: The overall net buying demand is not strong. The net buying power of secondary bonds within 2 years has declined, and wealth management products are still the main net buyers. The demand for secondary bonds between 2 - 5 years and over 5 years has also declined significantly [31]. - **Institutional Leverage Level**: In the past week, the bond market leverage ratio was 107.93%, a continued increase from the previous period [32]. - **Key Spreads**: On June 27, the 10Y CDB - 10Y national bond term spread was 3.63bp, and the spread was converging; the 1Y CDB - R001 spread was 5.41BP, and the spread between short - term bond yields and funds prices widened slightly [34].

Report Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. Core Viewpoint In the short term, the market may continue to fluctuate as it awaits further confirmation of monetary policy. Subsequently, it is expected to break through the downward space and approach the low point. Although the liquidity in July may remain relatively loose, from the perspective of coordinating fiscal policies and managing market expectations, treasury bond trading may not necessarily occur during this window period. The amplitude and rhythm of the curve opening up space require reasonable assessment [35]. Summary by Directory 1. Stock Market Suppression, Bond Market First Weak then Strong, Curve Slightly Steepened - This week (June 23 - June 27), the cross - quarter and the stock - bond "seesaw" were the main factors influencing the bond market. The stock market's strength in the first half of the week suppressed the bond market, but the central bank's increased liquidity injection and insurance replenishment provided some support. In the second half of the week, the bond market recovered as the stock - bond linkage effect weakened and the stock market declined, along with uncertain industrial enterprise profit data [1][8]. - On a daily basis, the bond market showed different trends each day. By June 27, the yields of 1Y, 5Y, 10Y, and 30Y treasury bonds changed by - 1, + 0.4, + 0.7, and + 1.2 BP respectively compared to June 20, and the curve steepened slightly. Most yields of major - term certificates of deposit (CDs) increased [8]. 2. Cross - quarter Overall Secure, Bank Liability - side Pressure Controllable - This week, the overall funding situation was stable, with increased fluctuations approaching the quarter - end. The 7 - day funding rate rose significantly, and the government bond issuance scale was large in the first half of the week. However, the central bank's intention to support was obvious, with reverse repurchase injections exceeding 2 trillion yuan. CD issuance rates fluctuated slightly, and large - bank lending remained stable around 4 trillion yuan, indicating that cross - quarter funds were generally secure and bank liability - side pressure was relatively controllable [2][13]. - The 7 - day funding rate center increased, and the DR001 still ran below the policy rate. As of June 27, the weekly averages of DR001 and R001 changed by - 0.53 and + 0.58 respectively compared to the previous week, while those of DR007 and R007 changed by + 12.75 and + 24.03 BP respectively. The phenomenon of funding stratification became more prominent, and the funding pressure on non - bank institutions increased during the cross - quarter period [13]. 3. The "Actions" and "Inactions" of Central Bank Monetary Policy - In June, market discussions about whether the central bank would restart treasury bond trading intensified. Since June, large banks' purchases of short - term treasury bonds (especially 1 - 3Y) increased year - on - year and month - on - month, which made the market more likely to associate this with the restart of treasury bond trading operations [19]. - The central bank suspended treasury bond purchases in 2025 mainly due to the improvement of the government bond supply - demand relationship and to avoid creating strong market expectations. After the market adjustment in the first quarter, an expert view in the Financial Times on April 13 suggested that the central bank might buy new treasury bonds in the secondary market if the interest - rate increase pressure from expansionary fiscal policies weakened policy effectiveness [3][25]. - In the first half of 2025, the bond market's funding situation was volatile. Monetary policy showed more characteristics of dynamic equilibrium and contingency decision - making among multiple goals. The central bank's shift from "restraint" to "support" in liquidity injection corresponded to the change in policy goal priority from "risk prevention" to "stable growth" [4][29]. - Currently, the central bank's "inactions" may include: improved flexibility and precision in liquidity regulation in 2025, with June smoothly passing multiple liquidity tests; large banks' purchases of short - term treasury bonds may not directly equal the central bank's purchases; the central bank is still concerned about bond market interest - rate risks; and the government bond supply pressure decreased in June, with the next peak likely in August - September. Therefore, treasury bond trading may not necessarily occur in July, and the market may fluctuate in the short term [30][35]. 4. Next Week's Focus - June 30: China's official manufacturing PMI for June, Eurozone's M1/M2/M3 for May, Germany's CPI for June. - July 1: Eurozone's CPI for June, US ISM manufacturing PMI for June. - July 2: US ADP employment for June. - July 3: US non - farm payrolls for June, US ISM non - manufacturing PMI for June. - July 4: EU PPI for May [38][39].

Monetary Policy Outlook - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) signaled important adjustments in monetary policy and exchange rate management for the second half of the year, reflecting a more flexible approach in response to complex economic conditions [1][4] - The second quarter meeting emphasized maintaining an appropriately accommodative monetary policy while enhancing counter-cyclical adjustments and the dual function of monetary policy tools [5][6] Economic Growth Projections - Economic growth is projected at approximately 5.2% for the second quarter, with a target of around 4.7% for the second half to meet the annual growth goal, indicating manageable pressure under current policy measures [5] - Market analysts expect further policy adjustments, including potential reserve requirement ratio (RRR) cuts, to support liquidity and economic stability [6] Real Estate Market Stability - The meeting highlighted the need to implement existing financial policies effectively to stabilize the real estate market, focusing on revitalizing existing housing stock and land [9][10] - Data from January to May showed a year-on-year decline in new housing sales area and sales revenue by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively, although some first- and second-tier cities experienced growth [9] Domestic Circulation Strategy - The PBOC emphasized strengthening domestic circulation as a strategic focus, coordinating supply and demand, and enhancing macro policy coordination to stimulate economic recovery [11] - Recent policies included lowering interest rates on housing provident fund loans and optimizing capital market support tools, with a total of 800 billion yuan allocated for securities and stock repurchase financing [11] Exchange Rate Management - The second quarter meeting shifted its focus from strict measures to enhancing the resilience of the foreign exchange market and stabilizing market expectations, aiming to maintain the yuan's stability at a reasonable level [12] - Historical data suggests the yuan may be entering a new appreciation cycle, which could help stabilize the global monetary system and support economic growth [12]

Report Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. Core Viewpoints - In May 2025, under the strategic guidance of the April Politburo meeting and the support of relevant policies, China's bond market "Science and Technology Board" was officially launched. The issuance management system of the bond market "Science and Technology Board" shows new changes compared with previous innovation - related bonds. - In the first month of operation, the bond market "Science and Technology Board" boomed, with a sharp increase in issuance scale, enhanced diversity of issuers, contributions to technological innovation from different perspectives, relatively low financing costs, and active participation of rating services. - Looking forward, the bond market "Science and Technology Board" has broad development prospects. It is necessary to improve the bond market system management, diversify the market subject structure, and enhance the capabilities of the intermediary support system [3][4][5]. Summary by Directory 1. Institutional Environment Clarity - **Previous Situation**: From May 2022 to April 2025, relevant institutions successively launched innovation - related bond varieties, promoting the rapid rise and development of the innovation - related bond market. In 2024, the issuance amount of innovation - related bonds reached 122.4124 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 58.28%. From January to April 2025, the cumulative issuance of innovation - related bonds was 40.1264 billion yuan, a year - on - year increase of 8.62%. However, there is still room for significant improvement in terms of scale growth, structural optimization, and support for technological innovation [8]. - **New Policies**: On May 7, 2025, relevant institutions issued a series of rules and documents, providing strong institutional support for the launch of the bond market "Science and Technology Board". - **Bank - Inter - market**: Compared with "Science and Technology Notes", "Science and Technology Bonds" have changes in bond identification, issuer subject classification, and use of raised funds. For example, the bond name is more prominently labeled, the issuer includes technology - based enterprises and equity investment institutions, and the use of raised funds is broadened [9][10][11]. - **Exchange - Market**: Compared with previous systems, the new regulations have changes in the type of issuers, information disclosure, and clause design. For example, financial institutions and equity investment institutions are newly supported to issue bonds, information disclosure is simplified, and innovative bond clauses are encouraged [15][16][18]. 2. Rapid Market Upturn - **Surge in Issuance Market Scale**: In the first month of the bond market "Science and Technology Board" (from May 8 to June 7, 2025), 209 bonds were issued, with a total issuance face value of 389.777 billion yuan, an increase of 308.63% compared with the same period last year. The issuance scale of the inter - bank market and the exchange market both increased significantly year - on - year, with the inter - bank market being the main force [21][23][24]. - **Enhanced Diversity of Issuers**: - **Financial Institutions**: They became an important highlight. During the inspection period, financial - type science and technology bonds issued a total of 227.4 billion yuan, accounting for 58.34% of the total issuance of science and technology bonds. Banks, securities companies, and policy banks actively participated [28]. - **Equity Investment Institutions**: A number of venture capital institutions and state - owned asset operation companies issued science and technology bonds, injecting capital into technology - based enterprises [29]. - **Industrial Enterprises**: They are distributed in multiple fields such as non - ferrous metals, electronics, and automobiles. Some large - scale issuing enterprises include Sinopec and Syngenta Group [29]. - **Support for Technological Innovation from Different Perspectives**: By supporting different types of issuers, science and technology bonds can directly or indirectly support technological innovation, such as helping technology - based enterprises repay debts, supporting equity investment institutions to increase capital for technology - based enterprises, and enabling financial institutions to provide funds for technology - based SMEs [32][33]. - **Relatively Low Financing Costs**: The average issuance interest rate of science and technology bonds during the inspection period was 1.95%, lower than the 2.25% of the same - period credit bonds (excluding science and technology bonds), which is related to the relatively high credit ratings of science and technology bond issuers [34]. - **Active Role of Rating Services**: Since 2024, domestic credit rating agencies have developed and launched rating methods and models for technology - based enterprises. In actual rating operations, different types of issuers use different rating models, such as commercial bank rating models for commercial bank science and technology bonds [36][37][38]. 3. Broad Market Prospects - **Improvement of Bond Market System Management**: - **Reasonable Market Access Threshold**: It is necessary to set reasonable access thresholds for different types of issuers, balance the pros and cons of different access policies, and ensure that the use of funds is in line with the purpose of promoting technological innovation [44][45]. - **Effective Information Disclosure**: Information disclosure should be diversified and unified, involving multiple parties such as issuers, bond intermediaries, and public sectors. The quality of information disclosure should be emphasized [46]. - **Market Feedback and Adjustment Mechanism**: Strengthen the whole - process management of science and technology bonds, and establish a feedback and adjustment mechanism for the use of funds to ensure that funds are used for technological innovation [47]. - **Connection with Regional Policies**: The management system of science and technology bonds should be integrated with regional technological innovation policies, and resources should be allocated reasonably according to regional characteristics [48]. - **Diversification of Subject Structure**: - **Extension from Market Institutions to Public Institutions**: Local governments have the possibility and necessity to become issuers of science and technology bonds to support semi - public scientific research projects and diversify financing channels [50]. - **Extension from Large - scale to Small - and Medium - sized Technology Enterprises**: More support should be given to high - growth potential small - and medium - sized technology enterprises, and the high - yield bond market should be developed [52]. - **Enhancement of Intermediary Support System**: - **Credit Rating Services**: Strengthen the construction and application of credit rating technology for science and technology enterprises and their bonds, and get rid of the traditional rating concept centered on assets and revenue scale [53]. - **Technology Evaluation and Certification Services**: Develop evaluation and certification services in the science and technology field, improve resource utilization efficiency, and complement other intermediary services [54]. - **Technology Credit Enhancement Services**: Prudently develop credit enhancement services for science and technology enterprises, including science and technology insurance and science and technology guarantee markets [55].