Market Overview - The bond market showed signs of recovery on September 11, with the main government bond futures rising in the afternoon and most closing higher, while interbank bond yields initially increased before declining [1][2] - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) conducted a net injection of 79.4 billion yuan in the open market, with most funding rates continuing to rise [1][5] Bond Futures and Yields - The closing prices for government bond futures showed mixed results: the 30-year main contract fell by 0.11% to 114.740, while the 10-year contract rose by 0.07% to 107.580 [2] - Interbank yields for major bonds fluctuated, with the 10-year government bond yield decreasing by 0.75 basis points to 1.8075% [2] International Bond Markets - In North America, U.S. Treasury yields fell across the board, with the 10-year yield down by 4.21 basis points to 4.047% [3] - In Asia, Japanese bond yields generally increased, while in the Eurozone, yields for 10-year bonds in France, Germany, and Italy also declined [3] Primary Market Activity - The China Export-Import Bank's 1-year and 3-year financial bonds had bid yields of 1.3556% and 1.7377%, respectively, with bid-to-cover ratios of 2.21 and 1.99 [4] - Jilin Province's local bonds saw bid-to-cover ratios exceeding 21 times, indicating strong demand [4] Funding Conditions - The PBOC announced a 7-day reverse repo operation with a fixed rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net injection of 79.4 billion yuan for the day [5] - Short-term Shibor rates mostly increased, with the overnight rate down by 5.6 basis points to 1.369% [5] Institutional Insights - Huatai Securities noted that the recent bond market adjustment has fundamental backing, but institutional behavior has a more direct impact, suggesting potential opportunities for trading [6] - Long-term forecasts indicate that the bond market may continue to experience weak fluctuations, with expectations of a return to a 1.6% yield for the 10-year government bond by year-end [6]

责任编辑：袁浩 编制方案显示，上海清算所海洋经济优选债券指数以经营范围涉及海洋渔业、海洋油气、海洋电 力、海洋运输、海洋工程、港口等海洋经济产业的发行主体所发行债券及蓝色债券为样本券，跟踪其价 格走势，可作为投资海洋经济主题债券的业绩比较基准和投资标的。指数代码SCH00933，基准日为 2018年1月2日，基点值为100。截至2025年9月1日，指数样本券327只，总市值4977亿元，样本券平均收 益率1.92%，平均修正久期3.11。 本报讯 记者张弛报道 为向市场参与者提供多样化的债券价格指标和投资标的，银行间市场清算所 股份有限公司（以下简称"上海清算所"）研究编制上海清算所海洋经济优选债券指数，于9月3日正式向 市场发布。 ...

Group 1 - Emerging markets are becoming more attractive due to expectations of interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, low local inflation, and relatively low public debt [1] - Emerging market stock prices are currently 65% lower than those in the US, presenting various investment opportunities across different markets and sectors [1] - Actual interest rates in emerging markets remain high, comparable to the highest levels since the financial crisis, which will be beneficial as the US enters a rate-cutting cycle [1] Group 2 - Political risk has become a dominant concern in emerging markets, especially with upcoming elections in countries like Indonesia, South Africa, Mexico, and India [2] - Developed countries are facing increasing political risks due to rising debt levels and budget constraints, with the US experiencing heightened political uncertainty [2] - Emerging market bonds appear to offer more safe-haven value compared to developed market bonds [2] Group 3 - Recent trends show that emerging market stock performance has outpaced that of the US stock market for the first time since 2017 [4] - The total debt of developing countries is projected to be about 75% of their annual economic output, significantly lower than the 125% for G7 developed countries [4] - Indonesia and Vietnam have public debt ratios of 40% and 33% respectively, which are much lower than those of certain developed countries [4] - Low inflation and ample foreign exchange reserves strengthen the fiscal prudence of emerging markets, providing central banks with the ability to manage market volatility [4] - There is a growing realization that the perception of emerging markets as inherently riskier may not be accurate [4]

Report Date - The report was published on September 11, 2025 [2] Global Asset Market Performance 10 - Year Treasury Yields of Major Economies - On September 10, 2025, yields in the US, UK, France, etc. were 4.047, 4.632, 3.461 respectively. Latest changes ranged from -0.041 (US) to 0.005 (Switzerland). Weekly changes were from -0.171 (US) to -0.057 (Switzerland). Monthly changes varied from -0.188 (US) to 0.127 (France). Annual changes were from -0.309 (Italy) to 0.579 (UK) [3] 2 - Year Treasury Yields of Major Economies - On September 10, 2025, yields in the US, UK, Germany, etc. were 3.490, 3.936, 1.949 respectively. Latest changes were from -0.020 (US) to 0.033 (South Korea). Weekly changes, monthly changes, and annual changes also showed different trends [3] Dollar - Exchange Rates Against Major Emerging - Market Currencies - On September 10, 2025, the exchange rate of the dollar against the Brazilian real was 5.409 with a latest change of -0.54%. Weekly, monthly, and annual changes also varied for different currencies [3] Stock Indices of Major Economies - On September 10, 2025, the S&P 500 was at 6532.040 with a latest change of 0.30%. Weekly, monthly, and annual changes differed among various indices such as the Dow Jones Industrial Average, NASDAQ, etc. [3] Credit Bond Indices - For credit bond indices including US investment - grade, euro - area investment - grade, etc., latest changes were from 0.03% (euro - area high - yield) to 0.46% (emerging - market high - yield). Weekly, monthly, and annual changes also showed different magnitudes [3][4] Stock Index Futures Trading Data Index Performance - Closing prices of A - shares, CSI 300, SSE 50, etc. were 3812.22, 4445.36, 2939.59 respectively on September 10, 2025. Percentage changes were 0.13%, 0.21%, 0.37% respectively [5] Valuation - PE (TTM) of CSI 300, SSE 50, and CSI 500 were 13.94, 11.79, 33.18 respectively. Their环比changes were 0.04, 0.04, - 0.03 respectively [5] Risk Premium - Risk premium (1/PE - 10 - year interest rate) of S&P 500 was -0.37 with a环比change of 0.03, and that of German DAX was 2.47 with a环比change of 0.02 [5] Fund Flows - Latest values of fund flows for A - shares, the main board, etc. were -460.27, -445.33, etc. respectively. Their 5 - day average values also varied [5] Trading Volume - Latest trading volumes of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets, CSI 300, etc. were 19781.23, 5355.39, etc. respectively. Their环比changes were -1404.01, -273.22, etc. respectively [5] Main Contract Basis - Basis of IF, IH, IC were -12.96, -1.79, -68.71 respectively, and their basis spreads were -0.29%, -0.06%, -0.99% respectively [5] Treasury Bond Futures Trading Data - Closing prices of T00, TF00, T01, TF01 were 107.725, 105.570, 107.490, 105.425 respectively. Their percentage changes were 0.00%, -0.01%, -0.08%, -0.01% respectively [6] - Money market rates of R001, R007, SHIBOR - 3M were 1.4592%, 1.4988%, 1.5530% respectively, and their daily changes were -3.00BP, 1.00BP, 0.00BP respectively [6]

Group 1 - Emerging markets have shown strong performance this year, with global emerging market bond returns near 9% compared to 4.5% for US Treasury bonds, and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index rising 20% versus 14% for the MSCI World Index [1] - The weakening of the US dollar, economic resilience, and disruptive trends are driving the performance of emerging markets, necessitating selective investment strategies [1] - The overall view on emerging market equities is neutral, while there is optimism for local currency bonds in emerging markets [1] Group 2 - The macroeconomic environment has improved, with the IMF predicting a narrowing of the economic growth gap between emerging and developed markets by 2025, despite structural changes in some countries that create favorable conditions for sustained growth [2] - Countries like India and Vietnam are excelling in services and manufacturing, while Mexico and Brazil demonstrate disciplined monetary policies, and Chile's strong financial system adds stability [2] - Some emerging markets have seen inflation rates return to pre-pandemic levels, with interest rate cuts already initiated in countries like Mexico, Indonesia, and Poland [2] Group 3 - The restructuring of supply chains benefits countries like Mexico, Brazil, and Vietnam, while Taiwan and South Korea are deeply involved in the semiconductor sector for AI development, and China is advancing its AI technology [3] - South American countries like Chile and Peru benefit from the demand for key materials under the low-carbon transition trend [3] - India is expected to develop into a leading digital economy due to its young population and accelerated digitalization, which supports a positive long-term outlook for emerging markets [3]

Group 1: Open Market Operations - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation on September 10, with a fixed rate and a total amount of 304 billion yuan, at an interest rate of 1.40% [1] - The total amount of reverse repos maturing on the same day was 229.1 billion yuan, resulting in a net injection of 74.9 billion yuan [1] Group 2: Funding Conditions - The overnight repo weighted average rate for deposit-taking institutions slightly increased, remaining above 1.42% [2] - The overnight financing rate in the U.S. was reported at 4.40% [2] Group 3: Interbank Certificates of Deposit - The latest transaction for one-year interbank certificates of deposit in the secondary market was around 1.6775% [7] Group 4: Government Bonds - The closing prices for government bond futures showed a decline across all maturities, with the 30-year main contract dropping by 0.86% [13] - The yield for 1-year government bonds was reported at 1.4100% [10] Group 5: Economic Indicators - In August, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) remained flat month-on-month and decreased by 0.4% year-on-year, while the core CPI rose by 0.9% year-on-year [14] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) was flat month-on-month and decreased by 2.9% year-on-year, with a narrowing decline compared to the previous month [14] Group 6: Bond Market Developments - The second batch of Sci-Tech Innovation Bond ETFs is set to be issued on September 12, with a fundraising cap of 3 billion yuan for each of the 14 products [14] - Recent negative events in the bond market included overdue debts from various companies, with a total overdue debt of 31.212 billion yuan reported for Longguang Holdings as of the end of August [17]

Core Viewpoint - The bond market has adjusted with a steepening yield curve, and the correlation between stock and bond markets has weakened as of September. The overall bond market has returned to a fluctuating range without significant changes in the funding and economic fundamentals [1]. Group 1: Bond Market Dynamics - As of the latest data, the yields for 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 30-year government bonds are 1.41%, 1.62%, 1.85%, and 2.15%, reflecting changes of 0.23, -0.93, 1.35, and 1.00 basis points respectively since the end of August [1]. - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has maintained a reasonable liquidity level, with a net injection of 3,865 billion yuan in August through various monetary policy tools [3]. - The current DR001 and DR007 rates are fluctuating around 1.4% and 1.45%, indicating a stable liquidity environment [3]. Group 2: Economic Recovery - The trade data for August shows a year-on-year export growth rate of 4.4% and an import growth rate of 1.3%, both of which have decreased by 2.8 percentage points compared to the previous month [4]. - The manufacturing PMI for August is reported at 49.40%, a slight increase of 0.1 percentage points, indicating improvements in both supply and demand sides [4]. Group 3: Central Bank Actions - There is a growing expectation for the PBOC to restart government bond trading, influenced by policy signals and changes in liquidity operations [6]. - The PBOC has been utilizing various tools for medium to long-term funding, with the balance of reverse repos increasing significantly since the end of 2024 [6]. - The necessity to restart government bond trading has increased due to the declining balance of government bonds held by the PBOC [6]. Group 4: Market Outlook - With the PBOC's active liquidity support and reduced impact from government bond issuance, significant fluctuations in the funding environment are unlikely in September, and short-term bond trends are expected to remain stable [7]. - The long-term bullish logic for the stock market remains unchanged, which continues to exert downward pressure on long-term bonds [7].

Group 1: Market Dynamics - The stock and bond markets are exhibiting a "seesaw" effect since July, with A-shares entering a liquidity "bull market" due to stable fundamentals and policies, attracting steady capital inflows, while the bond market faces pressure [1] - Recent data indicates an expansion in the discount of long-term stock index futures contracts, and the implied volatility of call options has decreased more significantly than that of put options, suggesting a rebound in market risk appetite [1] Group 2: Central Bank and Treasury Coordination - A joint meeting between the Ministry of Finance and the central bank discussed the operation of government bonds and the coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, with expectations rising for the central bank to resume net purchases of government bonds [2] - The central bank's past net purchases of government bonds from August to December 2024 totaled 1 trillion yuan, leading to a rapid decline in the interest rate center by year-end [2] Group 3: Policy Implications - The expectation of the central bank's bond purchases may have limited short-term impact on the bond market due to sufficient liquidity management tools already in place and a lack of significant supply pressure in the fourth quarter [3] - The central bank's potential strategy of "buying short and selling long" could steepen the yield curve, which may not be favorable for long-term interest rates [3] Group 4: Fund Management Regulations - The China Securities Regulatory Commission proposed new regulations for public fund sales, including full allocation of redemption fees to fund assets and a unified redemption fee rate, aimed at encouraging long-term holding by investors [5] - The changes in fund management fees may reduce the attractiveness of bond funds for liquidity management, potentially shifting demand towards bond ETFs, while also enhancing the yield of bond funds over the long term [5] Group 5: Economic Indicators and Trading Strategy - Recent data shows an improvement in the manufacturing PMI, but issues of supply and demand mismatch persist, with lower growth in imports and exports [6] - The overall market sentiment remains high, but the bond market is expected to operate under "headwinds," with a forecast of weak fluctuations in the short term, while mid-term improvements in inflation and corporate earnings could lead to significant declines in the bond market [6]

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. Core Viewpoints - The convertible bond market showed weak performance on September 10, 2025, with compressed valuations. The CSI Convertible Bond Index decreased by 0.63% compared to the previous day, while the Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, ChiNext Index, Shanghai 50 Index, and CSI 1000 Index all showed varying degrees of increase [1]. - The large-cap growth style was relatively dominant. The large-cap growth index increased by 0.49%, while the large-cap value, mid-cap growth, mid-cap value, small-cap growth, and small-cap value indices all decreased [1]. - The trading sentiment in the convertible bond market weakened. The trading volume of the convertible bond market was 72.447 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.82% compared to the previous day; the total trading volume of the Wind All A Index was 2.003952 trillion yuan, a decrease of 6.88% compared to the previous day; the net outflow of the main funds in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was 1.294 billion yuan, and the yield of the 10-year treasury bond increased by 3.51bp to 1.90% [1]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Market Overview - **Index Performance**: The CSI Convertible Bond Index decreased by 0.63% compared to the previous day, while the Shanghai Composite Index increased by 0.13%, the Shenzhen Component Index increased by 0.38%, the ChiNext Index increased by 1.27%, the Shanghai 50 Index increased by 0.37%, and the CSI 1000 Index increased by 0.06% [1]. - **Market Style**: The large-cap growth style was relatively dominant. The large-cap growth index increased by 0.49%, while the large-cap value index decreased by 0.10%, the mid-cap growth index decreased by 0.79%, the mid-cap value index decreased by 0.65%, the small-cap growth index decreased by 0.03%, and the small-cap value index decreased by 0.51% [1]. - **Fund Performance**: The trading sentiment in the convertible bond market weakened. The trading volume of the convertible bond market was 72.447 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.82% compared to the previous day; the total trading volume of the Wind All A Index was 2.003952 trillion yuan, a decrease of 6.88% compared to the previous day; the net outflow of the main funds in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was 1.294 billion yuan, and the yield of the 10-year treasury bond increased by 3.51bp to 1.90% [1]. Convertible Bond Price - The central price of convertible bonds decreased, and the proportion of high-price bonds decreased. The weighted average closing price of convertible bonds was 129.71 yuan, a decrease of 0.64% compared to the previous day. Among them, the closing price of equity-oriented convertible bonds was 169.95 yuan, a decrease of 1.05% compared to the previous day; the closing price of bond-oriented convertible bonds was 118.52 yuan, a decrease of 0.67% compared to the previous day; the closing price of balanced convertible bonds was 126.34 yuan, a decrease of 0.67% compared to the previous day [2]. - From the distribution of convertible bond closing prices, the proportion of high-price bonds above 130 yuan was 52.86%, a decrease of 3.23pct compared to the previous day; the range with the largest change in proportion was 110 - 120 (including 120), with a proportion of 14.42%, an increase of 3.61pct compared to the previous day; there were 0 bonds with a closing price below 100 yuan. The median price was 130.86 yuan, a decrease of 0.56% compared to the previous day [2]. Convertible Bond Valuation - Valuations were compressed. The fitted conversion premium rate of the 100-yuan parity was 29.05%, a decrease of 0.29pct compared to the previous day; the overall weighted parity was 101.38 yuan, a decrease of 0.48% compared to the previous day. The premium rate of equity-oriented convertible bonds was 8.21%, a decrease of 0.72pct compared to the previous day; the premium rate of bond-oriented convertible bonds was 80.27%, an increase of 0.98pct compared to the previous day; the premium rate of balanced convertible bonds was 21.48%, a decrease of 0.10pct compared to the previous day [2]. Industry Performance - In the A-share market, the top three industries with the largest declines were power equipment (-1.18%), basic chemicals (-0.94%), and non-ferrous metals (-0.87%); the top three industries with the largest increases were communication (+3.49%), electronics (+1.78%), and media (+1.68%) [3]. - In the convertible bond market, 27 industries declined, and the top three industries with the largest declines were beauty care (-1.56%), automobile (-1.38%), and machinery and equipment (-1.31%); the only industry that rose against the trend was communication (+0.91%) [3]. - **Closing Price**: The large-cycle sector decreased by 0.67%, the manufacturing sector decreased by 1.15%, the technology sector decreased by 0.20%, the large-consumption sector decreased by 0.87%, and the large-finance sector decreased by 0.55% [3]. - **Conversion Premium Rate**: The large-cycle sector decreased by 0.52pct, the manufacturing sector decreased by 0.49pct, the technology sector decreased by 1.2pct, the large-consumption sector decreased by 0.51pct, and the large-finance sector decreased by 0.69pct [3]. - **Conversion Value**: The large-cycle sector decreased by 0.18%, the manufacturing sector decreased by 0.61%, the technology sector increased by 0.68%, the large-consumption sector decreased by 0.34%, and the large-finance sector decreased by 0.08% [3]. - **Pure Bond Premium Rate**: The large-cycle sector decreased by 0.95pct, the manufacturing sector decreased by 1.7pct, the technology sector decreased by 0.34pct, the large-consumption sector decreased by 1.1pct, and the large-finance sector decreased by 0.65pct [3]. Industry Rotation - The communication, electronics, and media industries led the rise. In the stock market, the daily increase rates of communication, electronics, and media were 3.49%, 1.78%, and 1.68% respectively; in the convertible bond market, the daily increase rate of communication was 0.91%, while other industries showed varying degrees of decline [56].

Market Review - The bond market in 2025 is characterized by a gap between expectations and reality, particularly regarding the anticipated "moderate easing" monetary policy that did not materialize as expected [2][12][15] - The macroeconomic narrative has shifted, with a focus on combating "involution" and promoting high-quality development, as highlighted by various government initiatives [21][25] - The economic environment remains cold, with GDP growth in the first half of 2025 recorded at 5.3%, indicating a stabilization after three consecutive quarters of improvement [15][60] Investment Strategy - The strategy emphasizes short-term positioning while engaging in long-term trading, with a focus on the 10-year government bond yield fluctuating between 1.6% and 1.9% [110] - The bond market is expected to experience a weak overall trend with potential for rebounds, driven by the accumulation of realistic market expectations [65][69] - The current bond market participants are increasingly unstable, with a notable rise in individual investors holding public bond funds, which increased by 3.6% to 7.6% in the first half of 2024 [82][83] Bond Market Dynamics - The yield curve has shown a widening in term spreads, with the 10-1 year government bond spread at 43 basis points and the 30-10 year spread at 28 basis points as of September 3, 2025 [71][73] - The absolute level of interest rates remains low, with credit spreads for major bond varieties at historical lows, indicating a crowded secondary market with low coupon rates [93][104] - Historical data shows that years with a flat yield curve have occurred 67% of the time since 2010, suggesting a tendency for bond markets to rise during such periods [99][100]