Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced a 600 billion MLF operation to maintain liquidity in the banking system, indicating a continued net injection of liquidity for the seventh consecutive month, aligning with market expectations [1][2]. Group 1: MLF Operations and Liquidity - The PBOC will conduct a 600 billion MLF operation on September 25, 2025, with a one-year term, using a fixed quantity and multi-price bidding method [1]. - In September, 300 billion MLF is maturing, resulting in a net injection of 300 billion MLF, maintaining a high level of net liquidity injection totaling 600 billion, consistent with the previous month [1][2]. - The continuous net injection of medium-term liquidity reflects the coordination between monetary and fiscal policies, supporting government bond issuance and meeting credit demand from enterprises and households [1][2]. Group 2: Market Conditions and Future Expectations - Recent market conditions, including rising mid-to-long-term interest rates and tightening liquidity, prompted the PBOC to increase fund injections through MLF to stabilize market expectations [2]. - The PBOC's ongoing net liquidity injection signals a supportive monetary policy stance, especially in light of declining macroeconomic indicators due to various factors [2]. - Looking ahead, there is an expectation for further monetary policy easing in the fourth quarter, including potential reserve requirement ratio cuts and the resumption of government bond trading, to ensure stable liquidity in the market [2].

Core Viewpoint - The bond market is experiencing a correction, with government bond futures declining and interbank bond yields rising, indicating tightening liquidity as the month-end approaches [1][2]. Market Performance - Government bond futures closed lower across the board, with the 30-year main contract down 0.41% to 114.070, marking a new closing low since March 19 [2]. - Interbank bond yields mostly increased, with the 30-year government bond yield rising 1.3 basis points to 2.112% and the 10-year government bond yield up 1.4 basis points to 1.812% [2]. Overseas Bond Market - In North America, U.S. Treasury yields fell across the board, with the 10-year yield down 4.06 basis points to 4.106% [3]. - In Asia, Japanese bond yields also decreased, while in the Eurozone, the 10-year French bond yield rose by 0.4 basis points to 3.561% [3]. Primary Market - The Ministry of Finance's weighted average bid yields for 91-day and 182-day government bonds were 1.2473% and 1.3405%, respectively, with bid-to-cover ratios of 2.84 and 2.31 [4]. Liquidity Conditions - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repo operation of 401.5 billion yuan at a rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net withdrawal of 17 billion yuan for the day [5]. - Short-term Shibor rates increased, with the overnight rate rising 2.1 basis points to 1.434% [5]. Institutional Perspectives - Citic Securities noted that the urgency for the central bank to restart government bond trading is not strong in the short term, but the increased bond purchases by state-owned banks reflect a relatively loose liquidity environment [6]. - China International Capital Corporation (CICC) observed that while the bond market is experiencing volatility, credit bonds in the short to medium term are performing relatively well [7].

Group 1: Fixed Income and Monetary Policy - The report discusses the anticipation surrounding the resumption of government bond trading, highlighting a shift from "buying long" to "buying short" under supportive monetary policy, with a focus on liquidity management [2][4][27] - It is expected that if interest rate cuts occur, the impact on the bond market will depend on the magnitude of the cuts, with a likely continuation of a 10 basis point reduction seen in the first half of the year [2][28][29] - The report emphasizes that regardless of whether bond trading resumes, liquidity concerns are manageable due to the central bank's diverse monetary policy tools [27][28][29] Group 2: Pharmaceutical Industry - The Chinese innovative drug industry is transitioning towards global commercialization, with a strong pipeline of quality projects expected to drive growth [6][9] - The report notes that the early drug development process in China is significantly faster than the global average, saving 30%-50% of time [9] - Future prospects for the industry are optimistic, with increased innovation expected to unlock greater commercial value [9] Group 3: Agricultural Sector - The dairy sector is experiencing a strong supply contraction, with expectations that the phase of destocking is nearing its end [10] - The meat cattle sector is entering a super cycle, with domestic supply tightening due to reduced imports and a long replenishment cycle [10] - The report suggests that the interconnection between dairy and meat cattle sectors will enhance profitability for related enterprises [10] Group 4: Technology Sector - The report highlights the rapid growth of Meige Intelligent, driven by demand in the smart connected vehicle and edge AI hardware markets, with a 44.50% increase in revenue year-on-year [32] - The company is expanding its applications in various sectors, including drones, AR glasses, and robotics, showcasing its strong capabilities in edge AI [34][35] - Despite a decline in overall gross margin, the company anticipates improvements in profitability in the latter half of the year [33][36] Group 5: Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on sectors such as innovative pharmaceuticals, new energy, and new consumption, which are expected to benefit from seasonal demand and improving economic conditions [11] - Specific companies to watch include China Shengmu, Guangming Meat, and Fucheng Co., which are positioned well within the agricultural sector [10]

固定收益 | 固定收益专题 刘昱云 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110525070010 liuyuyun@tfzq.com 唐海清 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110517030002 tanghaiqing@tfzq.com 何楠飞 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110525070004 henanfei@tfzq.com 近期报告 1 《固定收益：信用票息仍占优-信用 策略周报 20250921》 2025-09-22 2 《固定收益：固收点评-债市定价， 谁在主导？》 2025-09-21 3 《固定收益：股债之间-利率专题》 2025-09-21 利率专题 证券研究报告 再论国债买卖与降息 1、国债买卖：悬念等待揭晓 2025 年 09 月 23 日 作者 谭逸鸣 分析师 SAC 执业证书编号：S1110525050005 tanyiming@tfzq.com 预期"升温"：（1）9/3，财政部与央行联合工作组召开会议，双方就央行 国债买卖操等议题进行了深入研讨，使得工具重启的预期进一步发酵；（2） 债市调整行情下市场的期待愈发升温，当下不论是长端、超长端的绝对点 位，还是二者相对利 ...

行业报告 | 行业专题研究 银行 证券研究报告 从银行视角看国债买卖重启 在 9 月初财政部与央行联合工作组第二次组长会议召开后，加之市场进一步震荡下跌，投资者对于 重启国债买卖的预期不断升温。在当前阶段，是否已具备相应的条件？ 一般分析央行重启买卖国债的逻辑线索，主要基于 2025Q1 货币政策执行报告中的相关表述。即从 宏观审慎的角度观察、评估债市运行情况，关注国债收益率的变化，视市场供求状况等维度分析： （1）仅以四季度看，重启国债买卖工具，尽管有一定必要性，但并未达到非常紧迫的状态，该工具 重启与不重启在两可之间。（2）上述触发因素，在今年 Q3 同样也具备，甚至紧迫性更强，尤其在 市场调整压力较大的 8-9 月份，但央行并未落地。（3）市场之所以对于该工具期待程度较高：一方 面是财政与央行两部门会议提及了"对国债买卖操作进行了研讨"；另一方面是市场大跌，市场会基 于既有逻辑进行推演，例如继续下跌会引发负反馈，发债成本提升等。 尽管央行并未明确提及国债买卖重启有基于银行维度的考虑，但我们也可从这一视角探讨该工具的 价值。从实际情况看，国债买卖工具的重启，对于增强银行资产负债管理的"稳健性"，有较大助益 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the given content. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market showed a volatile trend last week. The long - term yield fluctuated under the influence of multiple factors and finally returned to around 1.80%. The Fed restarted rate cuts in September, and there is a probability of further cuts in Q4. The domestic 9 - month LPR did not cut rates in September, and the total policy tools may not be introduced in the short term. However, the probability of bond trading and reserve requirement cuts is relatively high [1][3] - The 8 - month economic data released at the beginning of the week was weak, but the bond market's reaction was limited. News of Sino - US economic and trade talks and important articles affected market expectations. The restart of bond trading operations and the Fed's rate cut expectation drove the 10 - year Treasury yield down, while the Fed's statement and the adjustment of the central bank's reverse - repurchase operation mode also influenced the bond market [2] Summary by Directory 1. Interest - rate Bond Data Review for Last Week - **Funding Rates**: DR001 fluctuated between September 15 - 19, closing at 1.46% on September 19. R001 rose and then fell, closing at 1.50%. DR007 and FR007 also showed upward - then - downward trends [8] - **Open - market Operations**: The central bank's reverse - repurchase投放量 was 1.83 trillion yuan, with a total maturity of 1.26 trillion yuan, resulting in a net capital injection of 5623 billion yuan [8] - **Sino - US Market Interest Rate Comparison**: The interest - rate spread between Sino - US bonds inverted, and the inversion amplitude of long - and short - term spreads widened. The term spread of Chinese bonds slightly decreased, while that of US bonds slightly increased. The yield curve of Chinese bonds changed little, and that of US bonds shifted to the right [15][16] 2. High - frequency Real - estate Data Tracking - **First - tier Cities**: The average daily transaction area was 7.31 million square meters, and the average daily transaction volume was 680 units, showing a low - level volatile trend [24] - **Top Ten Cities**: The transaction data rebounded compared to last week, with an average daily transaction area of about 11.07 million square meters, an increase of 1.43 million square meters per day [25] - **30 Large and Medium - sized Cities**: The transaction volume remained at a historical low. The average daily transaction area was about 21.38 million square meters, and the average daily transaction volume was about 1914 units [26]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the changes in China's monetary policy framework and its implications for economic growth and liquidity management. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Monetary Policy Changes**: Since 2025, the main constraints on monetary policy have shifted from stabilizing the exchange rate to addressing net interest margin pressures and risk prevention. The exchange rate is no longer a significant constraint as of Q2 2025, with the USDCNH and USDCNY reaching a unified rate of 7.10 [2][3][4]. 2. **Need for Rate Cuts**: The necessity for interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio (RRR) reductions is increasing, particularly if Q3 GDP growth falls below 5.0%. Economic data from July and August has consistently underperformed expectations, indicating a potential need for policy adjustments [4][24][26]. 3. **Government Bond Trading Resumption**: The conditions for resuming government bond trading are becoming more favorable. After a pause in Q1 2025, market expectations for a resumption have grown, especially if the Ministry of Finance issues bonds early in Q4 2025, which could alleviate supply pressure [5][26]. 4. **Framework Evolution**: The monetary policy framework has evolved to focus more on price-based controls rather than quantity-based tools. Key indicators now include M2, social financing, and loan growth, reflecting a shift in the central bank's strategy to stabilize economic growth [6][8][27]. 5. **Liquidity Management**: The liquidity management framework has changed significantly, relying on various tools such as overnight and 7-day reverse repos, with government bond trading serving as a supplementary tool when other methods are insufficient [13][14][19]. 6. **Dual Pillar System**: The dual pillar system distinguishes between monetary policy aimed at macroeconomic stability and macro-prudential policy focused on preventing systemic financial risks. This includes measures like the "three red lines" in the real estate sector [10][11][12]. 7. **Interest Rate Corridor Adjustments**: The interest rate corridor mechanism has undergone changes, with the 7-day reverse repo rate becoming the primary policy rate. The new corridor reflects a narrower range of fluctuations compared to previous versions [20][23]. 8. **Future Expectations**: There is a high probability of further rate cuts and RRR reductions in Q4 2025 to support economic growth targets. The resumption of government bond trading is also anticipated as a liquidity management tool rather than a price control measure [26][27]. Other Important but Potentially Overlooked Content - The central bank's focus on price-based tools indicates a strategic shift in response to changing economic conditions, emphasizing the need for market adaptation to these evolving frameworks [27]. - The potential for hidden interest rate hikes due to increased government bond supply highlights the delicate balance the central bank must maintain in managing liquidity and interest rates [5][19].

Report Industry Investment Rating - The industry rating is not explicitly mentioned in the report regarding the bond market. However, the general tone seems to suggest a cautious view on the bond market, with potential risks and adjustments ahead [27]. Core View of the Report - The bond market has been weakening recently with a divergence in bond varieties. Both bulls and bears in the bond market are currently confused. The report presents multiple reasons for both bullish and bearish outlooks on the bond market and concludes that the risk in the bond market has not been eliminated, with potential for further adjustments within the year [2][6]. Summary by Related Catalogs Bullish Reasons - **Bond Supply Mismatch in Q4**: This year, the fiscal bond issuance has been front - loaded, with the remaining quotas for national and local bonds in Q4 at 21.5% and 22.1% respectively, lower than last year's 26.3% and 30.5%. Q4 is also the insurance "opening - up" period, leading to increased allocation demand from insurance companies [7]. - **Favorable Economic Data**: The corporate loans in the social financing data have weakened for two consecutive months, and the economic data in August was generally weak. The production slowed down, with the industrial added - value growth rate in August at 5.2%, down 0.5pct from the previous month. The fixed - asset investment also slowed down. Weak economic data is beneficial for the bond market [8]. - **Monetary Policy and Treasury Bond Transactions**: With a weakening economy, weak social financing and credit, and the Fed's rate cut, there is an increased probability of rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio cuts in Q4. The adjustment of the 14 - day reverse repurchase operation by the central bank implies a potential rate cut. The discussion on government bond issuance management and central bank's treasury bond transactions also provides room for speculation [12]. Bearish Reasons - **Nominal GDP and Re - inflation**: The "anti - involution" policy has a positive impact on inflation. PPI has shown signs of bottoming out. Nominal GDP may rise due to the narrowing of the GDP deflator, which could be unfavorable for bond yields. Expectations of inflation are also increasing [16]. - **Mutual Fund Redemption Chain Reaction**: Due to weakening profitability and the potential redemption fee, mutual bond funds may face scale shrinkage, which could lead to liquidity and valuation spread pressures on certain bond varieties favored by mutual funds [20]. - **Weak Monetary Policy Coordination**: The monetary policy has not adjusted policy rates. To cooperate with the "anti - involution" policy, interest rates may not be further reduced. The desired growth rate of loans may decline, and the current interest rate level may be appropriate [23]. - **Sustained Breakthrough in the Equity Market**: The equity market has shifted from a situation of "no fundamental support" to "having performance support from specific sectors". This may lead to a long - term trend of capital flowing from the bond market to the equity market [24]. Outlook for Monday - Two news events, a news conference on the "14th Five - Year Plan" and a positive phone call between the Chinese and US presidents, may boost risk appetite. The bond and equity markets are likely to have a "risk - on" trading pattern. The risk in the bond market has not been eliminated, and there is still room for adjustment within the year [27].

Core Viewpoint - The bond market experienced a downturn on September 18, with government bond futures closing lower and interbank bond yields rising by 1-2 basis points. The central bank's recent liquidity injections are expected to stabilize the financial environment and support economic recovery [1][5]. Market Performance - Government bond futures closed down across the board, with the 30-year main contract falling by 0.17% to 115.620, the 10-year contract down by 0.05% to 108.080, and the 5-year and 2-year contracts also declining slightly [2]. - The interbank yield on major bonds rose slightly, with the 30-year government bond yield increasing by 1.6 basis points to 2.071%, and the 10-year government bond yield rising by 1.45 basis points to 1.7775% [2]. International Bond Market - In North America, U.S. Treasury yields rose collectively, with the 2-year yield increasing by 4.99 basis points to 3.545% and the 10-year yield up by 6.12 basis points to 4.089% [3]. - In Asia, Japanese bond yields also saw a general increase, while in the Eurozone, yields on 10-year bonds from France, Germany, Italy, and Spain experienced slight declines [3]. Primary Market - The Export-Import Bank's 1-year fixed-rate bond had a winning bid rate of 1.3784%, with a total bid-to-cover ratio of 1.78. The China Development Bank's 3-year and 7-year financial bonds had winning yields of 1.7393% and 1.95%, respectively [4]. Liquidity Conditions - The central bank conducted a 7-day reverse repurchase operation of 487 billion yuan at a fixed rate of 1.40%, resulting in a net liquidity injection of 195 billion yuan for the day [5]. - Short-term Shibor rates mostly increased, with the overnight rate rising by 3.1 basis points to 1.514% [5]. Institutional Perspectives - Citic Securities noted that expectations for the central bank to resume government bond purchases have increased, providing some support for interest rates amid market adjustments and rising government debt supply pressures [6]. - Long-term views suggest that the core logic is shifting towards the "14th Five-Year Plan" policy orientation, with interest rates expected to remain low to alleviate fiscal pressures [7]. - Huachuang Fixed Income highlighted a liquidity gap of approximately 1.7 trillion yuan in September, indicating a seasonal high level, and anticipates that the central bank will take active measures to stabilize liquidity [7].

Market Performance - Government bond futures closed higher across the board, with the 30-year main contract rising by 0.31%, the 10-year main contract up by 0.13%, the 5-year main contract increasing by 0.10%, and the 2-year main contract gaining 0.04% [1] - The yields on major interbank bonds generally declined, with the 10-year policy bank bond "25国开15" yield down by 2.25 basis points to 1.8975%, the 10-year government bond "25附息国债11" yield down by 1.9 basis points to 1.7610%, the 30-year government bond "25超长特别国债02" yield down by 2.6 basis points to 2.0490%, and the 20-year government bond "25超长特别国债04" yield down by 4 basis points to 2.13% [1] Funding Situation - The central bank announced a fixed-rate reverse repurchase operation of 418.5 billion yuan for 7 days on September 17, with an operation rate of 1.40%, and the total bid amount matching the amount allocated [2] - On the same day, 304 billion yuan of reverse repos matured, resulting in a net injection of 114.5 billion yuan [2] - The Ministry of Finance and the central bank conducted a tender for 2025 central treasury cash management deposits, with a total bid amount of 150 billion yuan and a bid rate of 1.78% [2] - The overnight repo weighted rate for deposit institutions rose to around 1.48%, while the quotes for non-bank institutions' pledged certificates and credit bonds also increased to around 1.6% [2] - As the peak of tax payment approaches its end, the funding situation is expected to ease [2] Operational Suggestions - The sentiment in the bond market has improved, supported by expectations of the central bank restarting bond purchases [3] - The bond market remains mixed, with uncertainties regarding market risk appetite, policies to expand domestic demand, and quarter-end institutional behaviors [3] - Without significant negative factors, the 10-year government bond yield may find resistance around 1.75%, while the T2512 contract is expected to fluctuate between 107.5 and 108.35 [3] - A cautious approach is recommended for investors, focusing on range trading in the short term [3]