南华期货钢材产业周报 ——下方有支撑，上方有压力，低位震荡 陈敏涛（投资咨询资格证号：Z0022731） 交易咨询业务资格：证监许可【2011】1290号 2025年12月21日 第一章 核心矛盾及策略建议 1.1 核心矛盾 上周在国资委会议再次提及了反内卷的有关消息、国家发改委提出的关于推动煤炭清洁高效使用文件、以及 多部门围绕提振消费、培育壮大新动能等密集发生的多重利好下，焦煤价格触底后大幅反弹，以及铁矿价格 的强势，直接带动了成材价格的反弹，成材价格反弹到压力位附近后呈现震荡趋势。基本面方面，成材自身 的矛盾基本面不大，整体维持减产和去库的趋势，但由于高炉和电炉的利润近期回升较多，成材减产的力度 可能减弱，上周螺纹的产量微增，近期高炉的检修量较多，热卷减产速度加快，上周热卷产量环比-5.4%，但 若未来高炉的检修量下降高炉和电炉利润维持高位，成材的供应压力可能增加；需求方面，成材维持淡季弱 需求的状态。炉料端，短期炉料对成材有成本支撑，铁矿短期偏强势，虽然港口库存呈现累库状态，但结构 上钢厂库存相较于往年偏低，有补库需求的支撑，但铁水维持减产限制铁矿上涨高度，上方亦有压力。焦煤 产量环比回升，矿山库存和 ...

Market Review - Global stock indices mostly declined this week, with the Korean Composite Index, Hang Seng Tech, and Nikkei 225 leading the losses. A-shares saw a decrease in trading volume, with the average daily turnover of the Wind All A Index falling to approximately 1.76 trillion yuan. Market sentiment has turned cautious, with the ChiNext 50 and ChiNext Index leading the declines, while funds rotated into dividend sectors. In terms of styles, the financial and consumer sectors rose, while growth styles fell, with the electronics and power equipment indices dropping over 3%. In the commodity market, COMEX silver surged by 8.7%, and copper and aluminum prices fluctuated upward, while coking coal rebounded from the bottom. In the foreign exchange market, after the Bank of Japan's interest rate hike, the yen depreciated against the dollar, while the renminbi continued to appreciate against the dollar [1][2]. Market Outlook - The "Spring Rally" is accumulating positive factors, with a focus on buying on dips. Historically, the initiation of the A-share "Spring Rally" typically requires reasonable valuation levels, a loose liquidity environment, and effective catalysts to boost risk appetite, such as domestic policies, industrial events, or external risk alleviation. Currently, the Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts and the Bank of Japan's interest rate hike have been implemented, easing concerns about the reversal of arbitrage trades. The subsequent appreciation of the renminbi is expected to attract foreign capital, and the "good start" of insurance premium income at the beginning of the year is also anticipated to bring incremental insurance funds into the market. Recently, stock ETFs have seen large-scale net subscriptions, with multiple broad-based ETFs experiencing increased trading volume, indicating that incremental funds are inclined to buy on dips [2][5]. Historical Review - A review of history shows that, except for 2021 and 2022, the A-share market has often exhibited a "Spring Rally" calendar effect over the past decade. At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, the A-share market is in a "vacuum period" for economic data and corporate earnings reports, making it easier for the market to engage in thematic investments based on policy expectations and industrial trends. Since 2016, there have been 8 instances of "Spring Rally" in the A-share market. The timing of these rallies typically starts between December and January and lasts for 20 to 60 trading days [3][4]. Necessary Conditions for "Spring Rally" - The initiation of the "Spring Rally" requires several necessary conditions: 1) A reasonable market valuation range, as the elasticity of the rally is highly correlated with market valuation levels. In the years with the largest index gains during the past decade's Spring Rallies, the market had generally undergone sufficient adjustments beforehand. For instance, at the beginning of 2016, the "circuit breaker" triggered a liquidity feedback shock, leading to a sharp decline in major A-share indices; at the beginning of 2019, after previous declines, the price-to-earnings ratio of the CSI 300 Index was only 10 times; and in early February 2024, liquidity shocks from products like Xueqiu and quantitative funds brought the CSI 300 Index's price-to-earnings ratio back to around 10 times [4]. 2) A sustained loose liquidity environment with inflows of incremental funds. For example, in early 2018, the central bank implemented targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts, and in early 2019 and 2020, the central bank conducted comprehensive reserve requirement ratio cuts to maintain macro liquidity. In early 2023, there was a significant inflow of foreign capital, and in early 2025, regulatory authorities are expected to promote the entry of medium- and long-term funds into the market [4]. 3) Domestic policies, industrial event catalysts, or external risk alleviation that drive risk appetite upward. For example, in early 2016, supply-side reforms; in early 2019, progress in China-U.S. trade negotiations; in January 2020, the signing of the first-phase trade agreement between China and the U.S.; at the end of 2022, the optimization of epidemic prevention policies and the "three arrows" for real estate; in February 2024, an unexpected reduction in the Loan Prime Rate (LPR); and in early 2025, catalysts from trends in industries like DeepSeek and robotics [4][5]. Accumulating Positive Conditions - Positive conditions for the "Spring Rally" are accumulating, with a focus on buying on dips: 1) In terms of overseas liquidity, the dovish interest rate hike by the Bank of Japan has been implemented, leading to a weaker yen against the dollar and easing pressures from arbitrage trades. The Federal Reserve's expected dovish rate cuts in December are closely tied to the leadership transition, with the overall market expectation for the Fed's policy direction remaining loose [5]. 2) Domestically, the Central Economic Work Conference has set the tone for "continuing to implement an appropriately loose monetary policy," indicating that there is still room for reserve requirement ratio cuts and interest rate reductions [5]. 3) On the micro liquidity front, this week saw large-scale net subscriptions for stock ETFs, with multiple broad-based ETFs experiencing increased trading volume, boosting market sentiment. The anticipated inflow of foreign capital driven by the appreciation of the renminbi and the incremental insurance funds from the "good start" of premium income at the beginning of the year can also be expected [5]. 4) In terms of valuation, the current price-to-earnings ratio of the CSI 300 Index is 14 times, which is at the 76th percentile since 2010, below the historical median plus one standard deviation [5]. 5) From a policy perspective, the Central Economic Work Conference has laid a positive foundation, with 2026 marking the start of the "14th Five-Year Plan," and incremental policies in areas such as technological innovation, anti-involution, and expanding domestic demand are expected to continue to be introduced [5]. Industry Allocation Recommendations - It is recommended to focus on: 1) Growth directions benefiting from industrial policy support, such as domestic substitution, robotics, aerospace, innovative pharmaceuticals, and energy storage [5]. 2) Cyclical directions benefiting from "anti-involution" policies, such as chemicals, energy metals, and resource products [5]. 3) The deepening of consumption-promoting policies may bring short-term catalytic opportunities for the consumer sector [5].

国泰君安期货-黑色金属周报合集 国泰君安期货研究所 黑色金属团队 | 林小春 | 投资咨询从业资格号：Z0000526 | linxiaochun@gtht.com | | --- | --- | --- | | 李亚飞 | 投资咨询从业资格号：Z0021184 | liyafei2@gtht.com | | 张广硕 | 投资咨询从业资格号：Z0020198 | zhangguangshuo@gtht.com | | 金园园 | （联系人）从业资格号：F03134630 | jinyuanyuan2@gtht.com | 2025年12月21日 Guotai Junan Futures all rights reserved, please do not reprint CONTENTS 1、钢材观点：预期提振，钢价反弹 2、铁矿周度观点：宏观风偏再修复，矿价短期走强 3、煤焦周度观点：预期扰动频繁，宽幅震荡 4、铁合金观点：基本面与宏观情绪共振，盘面走势偏强震荡 Special report on Guotai Junan Futures 2 螺纹钢&热轧卷板周度报告 黑色分析师：李亚飞 投资咨询号：Z00 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report from Industrial Securities indicates that the A-share market typically exhibits a balanced style from December to January, with large-cap, low-valuation, and cyclical styles being relatively dominant. This is influenced by expectations of strengthened growth policies and the preferences of major institutional investors for large-cap and dividend styles as the year ends and begins [1][4]. Market Dynamics - As the Spring Festival approaches, the market style shifts towards small-cap and technology growth sectors, driven by liquidity and risk appetite [1][19]. - The report emphasizes the importance of high prosperity sectors for investment, particularly those with a projected net profit growth rate exceeding 30% in 2026, including AI industry trends, advantageous manufacturing, "anti-involution," and structural recovery in domestic demand [1][20]. High Prosperity Sectors - **AI Industry Trends**: Focus on hardware (communication equipment, components, semiconductor industry chain, consumer electronics) and software applications (IT services, software development, gaming, advertising) [1][20]. - **Advantageous Manufacturing**: Includes the new energy industry chain (lithium batteries, lithium mines, wind power equipment, new energy vehicles), military industry (ground equipment, aerospace equipment, military electronics), machinery (robots, machine tools), and pharmaceuticals (innovative drugs) [1][20]. - **"Anti-Involution"**: Covers sectors such as steel, building materials (cement, glass fiber, renovation materials, plastics), chemicals (chemical raw materials, chemical fibers, rubber), new energy (photovoltaics, silicon materials), and aviation airports [2][20]. - **Structural Recovery in Domestic Demand**: Encompasses service consumption (film and television, education, retail, e-commerce, hotel catering, tourism, hospitals), new consumption (snack foods, cultural and entertainment products), and home textiles [3][20]. Market Conditions and Signals - The report notes that the recent increase in market volatility reflects a series of significant domestic and international events impacting liquidity and fundamental expectations. The conclusion of the policy verification window is expected to provide a solid foundation for a potential market rally [4][8]. - Historical patterns suggest that market rallies often begin following the resolution of uncertainty, the implementation of easing policies, or the validation of positive economic data [9][18]. Investment Strategy - The report advises focusing on sectors that benefit from the current favorable conditions, including cyclical sectors and those aligned with domestic recovery trends. The emphasis is on sectors that are likely to experience valuation recovery due to supportive policies and improving economic fundamentals [19][23]. - Technology growth is highlighted as a critical driver for the upcoming market rally, with a favorable environment for investments in technology sectors as liquidity expectations improve [25].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The propylene 03 contract is expected to fluctuate in the range of 5,500 - 6,000 yuan/ton in the short term. The recent weakening of the futures market, while the spot market remains stable, is mainly due to the loose supply - demand of propylene itself and the continuous suppression from the PP end. Short - term policy news may drive valuation repair, but the sustainability of the rebound depends on the actual improvement of the fundamentals [2]. - The near - term trading is affected by the overall loose fundamentals and the weak PP trend. The long - term outlook is bearish due to expected new production capacity, the imbalance between PP terminal demand and supply growth, and cost - side pressure [5][10]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Chapter 1: Core Contradictions and Strategy Recommendations 1.1 Core Contradictions - Macro - sentiment and policy disturbances: The recent market is influenced by "anti - involution" news, leading to a short - term low - level rebound of some chemical products. The sustainability of the rebound remains to be seen [1]. - Stable spot supply - demand: This week, the overall supply - demand gap changed little. On the supply side, Guangzhou Petrochemical restarted and Jinhai Chemical had maintenance, with little change in overall production and capacity utilization. On the demand side, there was a slight increase. In the Shandong market, supply increased and demand decreased, causing a slight price decline [1]. - Suppression from major downstream PP: PP supply is abundant, and the price spread between PP and propylene has significantly shrunk. The weak PP price continues to suppress the propylene market. Short - term "anti - involution" may cause a phased rebound in the futures market, mainly for sentiment repair [1]. - PDH profit pressure: The price of propane in the international market remains strong. The PDH industry is in a continuous loss state, and attention should be paid to the possible negative feedback caused by profit contraction [2]. 1.2 Trading Strategy Recommendations - **Market positioning**: The market is expected to fluctuate weakly, with the PL03 price range at 5,500 - 6,000 yuan/ton. The overall trend is still weakly fluctuating, and it may rebound slightly due to some macro factors, but the short - term expectation is a weakly fluctuating trend. Follow - up attention should be paid to policy implementation and PDH unit maintenance [15]. - **Basis, calendar spread, and hedging arbitrage strategies**: - Basis strategy: The basis is expected to shrink as the spot price weakened slightly this week while the futures market was fluctuating [16]. - Hedging arbitrage strategy: Consider expanding the PP - PL spread on dips and the PL/PG ratio on dips, but stay on the sidelines for now. Pay attention to PP unit maintenance [17]. 1.3 Industrial Customer Operation Recommendations - Propylene price range forecast: The price of propylene is expected to be in the range of 5,500 - 6,000 yuan/ton. The current 20 - day rolling volatility is 0.1319, and the historical percentage of volatility in the past 3 years is 0.7378 [19]. - Hedging strategies: For enterprises with high finished - product inventory, they can short - sell propylene futures at high prices to lock in profits and sell call options to collect premiums. For enterprises with low procurement inventory, they can buy propylene futures at low prices to lock in procurement costs and sell put options to collect premiums [21]. Chapter 2: This Week's Important Information and Next Week's Key Events 2.1 This Week's Important Information - **Positive information**: Six departments issued a notice to promote the clean and efficient utilization of new and existing coal development projects and eliminate backward production capacity and processes. Geopolitical tensions may support oil prices [22]. - **Negative information**: Some PDH units under maintenance will restart, and the PDH operating rate has returned to a relatively high level of 75%. The PP market remains in a state of high supply [23]. 2.2 Next Week's Key Events - On December 22, China's December LPR will be announced. On December 23, the revised value of the annualized quarterly - on - quarter growth rate of the US real GDP in Q3 will be released [27]. Chapter 3: Futures Market Interpretation 3.1 Price, Volume, and Capital Analysis - **Domestic market**: The PL03 contract fluctuated this week. The net positions of major profitable seats decreased, and there were no obvious changes in the top 5 long and short positions in the order book. The net long positions of profitable seats, foreign investors decreased slightly, and the net short positions of retail investors increased slightly. Technically, the daily - line chart shows a downward trend, suppressed by the middle Bollinger Band. In the short - term, it fluctuated in the range of 5,650 - 5,800 [25]. - **Basis and calendar spread structure**: This week, the basis of propylene 03 was 220 yuan/ton, a decrease of 80 yuan/ton compared with last week. The 02 - 03 calendar spread was 20 yuan/ton, a decrease of 35 yuan/ton compared with last week [29]. Chapter 4: Valuation and Profit Analysis 4.1 Up - and Down - stream Profit Tracking - **Upstream profit**: The gross profit of major refineries this week was 614 yuan/ton (- 31), and that of Shandong local refineries was 472 yuan/ton (+ 29). The operating rate at the cracking end changed little [31]. - **Mid - stream profit**: The propane cracking profit declined significantly, and the profitability of LPG cracking decreased. The PDH profit based on FEI was - 289 yuan/ton (- 46), and that based on CP was - 431 yuan/ton (+ 122). The PDH industry remained in a loss state [32]. - **Down - stream profit**: The price spreads between PP拉丝/PP powder and propylene rebounded slightly. The profit of the chlorohydrin method for propylene oxide decreased. The overall loss of acrylonitrile was still large. The profit of acrylic acid weakened. The profit of butanol was compressed, and the profit of octanol recovered at a low level but was still under pressure. The profit of phenol - acetone weakened [34]. 4.2 Import - Export Profit Tracking - The price spread between China and South Korea for propylene has been stable recently. The CFR China price is 740 US dollars (- 5) [49]. Chapter 5: Supply - Demand and Inventory Projection 5.1 Supply - Demand Balance Sheet Projection in the Shandong Market - This week, supply increased and demand decreased slightly in the Shandong market, and the spot price declined. The increase in supply mainly came from the复产 of PDH units, and the decrease in demand was due to the maintenance of Jineng and Yulong in the PP sector [51]. 5.2 Market Supply and Projection - This week, there were both start - ups and shut - downs. The overall operating rate of propylene was 74.11% (- 0.1%), still at a high level. Guangzhou Petrochemical's 600,000 - ton steam cracking unit restarted, and Jinhai Chemical's 210,000 - ton steam cracking unit was under maintenance [54]. 5.3 Demand and Projection - This week, the price spreads between PP granules/powder and propylene rebounded slightly, and the operating rate of the granule end remained stable. The price spread of PP powder also rebounded slightly but was still at a low level, and the number of maintenance units increased. For other downstream products, the price of propylene oxide declined, the profit of the chlorohydrin method decreased, and the inventory continued to decline. The production of acrylonitrile changed little. The operating rate of butanol and octanol increased. The capacity utilization rate of acrylic acid was at a phased high. The production of phenol - acetone changed due to unit restarts and maintenance. The demand in the Shandong region increased this week, mainly due to the复产 and increased load of PP, PO, acrylonitrile, and octanol [63][78].

Group 1 - SpaceX responded to misleading reports regarding the safety of its flights, emphasizing that public safety is always its top priority during flight tests [1][10] - The company stated that all incidents involving spacecraft debris were managed within pre-coordinated control areas established by the U.S. Space Force and the FAA [1][10] - SpaceX criticized the media for relying on anonymous sources and non-scientific analyses, asserting that its safety management tools are well-established and effective [1][10] Group 2 - Longjiang Securities reported that China has become the second country after Germany to approve L3 autonomous driving vehicles for road use, marking a significant step towards mass production [3][12] - The approval of the first batch of L3 vehicles is expected to accelerate the commercialization of autonomous driving technology and benefit the entire industry chain [3][12] - The report suggested investment opportunities in intelligent driving algorithm providers, related hardware suppliers, and Robotaxi operating platforms [3][12][13] Group 3 - Morgan Stanley's Liu Mingdi identified four key themes for investment in 2026, including "anti-involution," AI, overseas expansion, and consumption, with real estate as a potential theme [5][15] - The "anti-involution" theme focuses on sectors with strong growth prospects, such as batteries and photovoltaics, and industries closely tied to the macroeconomy [5][15] - Liu emphasized that AI infrastructure capital expenditure is expected to grow, benefiting Chinese suppliers, and highlighted the importance of energy storage, photovoltaics, and batteries in the AI infrastructure sector [5][15] Group 4 - The Chinese fireworks and firecrackers association supported Shanxi province's decision to shift from a complete ban to a scientific management model for fireworks, allowing for limited use [8][18] - This change reflects a balance between cultural needs and safety governance, aiming to preserve traditional customs while managing safety risks effectively [8][18] Group 5 - RRP Semiconductor in India saw its stock price surge over 55,000% in 20 months, becoming a "meme stock" despite having negative revenue and minimal operational capacity [9][19] - The stock's rise is attributed to network speculation and a growing retail investor base in India, as there are few listed semiconductor companies available for investment [9][19] Group 6 - The Mexican proposal to impose tariffs on Chinese goods has prompted a strong response from China, which is prepared to take various countermeasures if the proposal is enacted [10][20] - China is aware of the complexities behind Mexico's proposal, particularly the pressure from the U.S. to align with its tariff policies [10][20] - The Chinese government maintains that it will protect its rights and interests, indicating a readiness to respond if the tariff proposal proceeds [10][20]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Views of the Report - In 2026, the polyester production growth rate is expected to gradually slow down, but the demand growth rate is still estimated to reach around 4.5%, maintaining resilience. The terminal weaving orders have declined comprehensively, and the demand negative feedback will gradually spread upstream. The polyester load is expected to decline from late December, with the monthly average polyester load in January - March estimated at 89%, 84%, and 89.5% respectively. In the off - season, the demand side is difficult to drive prices upward [1]. - For MEG in 2026, the main trend will return to a pattern of oscillating and bottom - grinding. With the successive launch of new production capacities, high - level operation and high valuation are difficult to maintain. After the inventory accumulation expectation, the valuation has been rapidly compressed. Although the static supply - demand balance has improved, the cost side may bring additional negative factors. The over - supply expectation will continue to suppress the valuation to clear marginal production capacities, and the "reversal" may depend on macro - narrative drivers [1][19]. - PTA's production cut since the fourth quarter of 2025 has exceeded market expectations, alleviating the PX - TA structural contradiction. In 2026, there are plans to launch two PX production facilities with a total capacity of 5 million tons, expected to be put into operation after the third quarter, while PTA is not expected to have new capacity launches. In the first half of 2026, PTA's supply is expected to be tight against downstream demand, but the final inventory reduction depends on PTA's production cut intensity. PX's supply - demand pattern is favorable, and it is expected to be prone to rising and difficult to fall. However, before the upward driver appears, there may be a phased correction [2][26]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Chapter 2: Market Review 3.1.1 MEG Market Review - In Q1 2025, MEG prices dropped significantly due to cost collapse and weakening supply - demand patterns. In January, prices oscillated at a high level; in February, they rebounded slightly and then fell; in March, they were in low - level consolidation [3]. - In Q2 2025, macro and geopolitical factors dominated. The price once hit a low of 3956 yuan/ton and then rebounded. The geopolitical events in June led to price fluctuations [4]. - In Q3 2025, the "anti - involution" sentiment affected prices. The price reached a high of 4580 yuan/ton and then oscillated [4]. - In Q4 2025, MEG's valuation was continuously compressed with inventory accumulation and weak cost, and the price showed an oscillating downward trend [4][5]. 3.1.2 PTA Market Review - In Q1 2025, PTA prices mainly fluctuated with the cost, oscillating between 4700 - 5350 yuan/ton [8]. - In Q2 2025, macro and geopolitical factors dominated. The price once dropped to 4016 yuan/ton and then rebounded [9]. - In Q3 2025, PTA prices oscillated widely between 4500 - 5000 yuan/ton under the influence of cost and macro factors [10]. - In Q4 2025, PTA prices lacked a core driver after a rebound, oscillating narrowly between 4550 - 4800 yuan/ton [11]. 3.2 Chapter 3: Core Focus Points 3.2.1 MEG - In 2026, MEG will be in an oscillating and bottom - grinding pattern. The short - term weak pattern will continue, with port inventory expected to reach over 1.1 million tons in Q1 2026. The demand negative feedback will spread upstream, and the cost side remains weak [19][20]. - The "anti - involution" as a macro - mainline trading focus may repeatedly dominate the commodity market. The risk points for upward rebound mainly include unexpected reduction in large - scale production facilities, macro - policy benefits, and significant cost increase [23]. 3.2.2 PTA - PTA's production cut since Q4 2025 has alleviated the PX - TA structural contradiction. In 2026, PX has new capacity launch plans, while PTA has none. In H1 2026, PTA supply is tight against downstream demand, and PX is expected to be in a favorable supply - demand pattern, prone to rising and difficult to fall [2][26]. - In the near - term, the negative feedback from the terminal will spread upstream, and PX's valuation may correct. In the long - term, PX is expected to maintain an upward - prone pattern, and PTA's processing fee may be further repaired, but the supply - benefit dynamic balance will be the long - term main logic [28][29]. 3.3 Chapter 4: MEG Industry Analysis 3.3.1 MEG Industry Pattern Analysis - China's MEG production capacity has increased rapidly in recent years, changing from supply shortage to over - supply. In 2025, new capacity launches led to inventory accumulation expectations and a decline in valuation [33]. - Currently, the total MEG production capacity in the Chinese mainland is 30.275 million tons, with ethylene - based capacity accounting for 63% and coal - based capacity accounting for 37%. The production efficiency of coal - based MEG has improved, but it is expected to face pressure in 2026 [33][34]. 3.3.2 MEG Supply Analysis - In 2025, China's MEG production increased mainly due to the increase in operating rates. However, after the launch of new capacity in September, the valuation was under pressure, and the production profit of coal - based MEG was compressed in Q4 [36]. - In terms of product switching, some enterprises switched production between EO and EG based on production efficiency. In 2026, under the background of loose supply - demand, the MEG load is expected to decrease year - on - year [37]. - In 2025, the MEG import volume increased year - on - year, and the import source concentration increased. If India's anti - dumping policy is implemented, the global MEG logistics pattern may be reconstructed [48][49]. 3.3.3 MEG Balance Sheet Analysis - In Q1 2026, MEG is expected to have a slight over - supply, with an estimated cumulative over - supply of about 350,000 tons. In Q2, if the maintenance plans are implemented as scheduled and the polyester demand is in the peak season, there may be a supply - demand gap of about 300,000 tons. The annual demand growth rate is estimated at around 4.5% [57]. 3.4 Chapter 5: PTA Valuation Feedback and Supply - Demand Outlook 3.4.1 PX - PTA Industry Pattern Analysis - China's PX production capacity expansion has paused since 2024, while PTA has maintained a high - speed growth trend. The PX supply - demand pattern is relatively tight, while PTA has an over - supply problem, and the clearing of backward production capacities and the increase in exports are the main focuses for improving the supply - demand structure [59]. 3.4.2 PTA Supply Analysis and Valuation Feedback - In 2025, PTA's processing fee showed significant fluctuations. In Q4, due to production cuts, the processing fee was repaired, but in the long - term, it is expected to remain under pressure. In 2026, the supply - benefit dynamic balance is expected to be maintained, and the processing fee's upward space is limited [63][64]. 3.4.3 PTA Export Demand Analysis - In 2025, PTA exports decreased year - on - year, mainly due to the new production capacity in Turkey. The export reduction was partially transferred to other countries [67]. 3.4.4 PTA Balance Sheet Analysis - In 2026, the polyester load is expected to decline seasonally. In Q1, PTA is expected to have a slight over - supply of 100,000 - 150,000 tons, and in Q2, there will be a large supply - demand gap. The actual inventory reduction depends on the restart plans of PTA production facilities [74][75]. 3.5 Chapter 6: Polyester Demand Analysis 3.5.1 Start - up Performance - In 2025, polyester production increased by 7.4% year - on - year, and the production capacity growth rate slowed down. Currently, the terminal orders have declined, and the polyester demand load is expected to decline from late December. In Q1 2026, the polyester load is estimated at 89%, 84%, and 89.5% in January - March respectively [77]. 3.5.2 Macro - demand - In 2025, China's social consumer goods retail sales increased by 4% year - on - year, while textile and clothing consumption maintained a low - speed growth. The export demand was affected by international situations, with the growth rate decreasing in the second half of the year [98][103].

证券研究报告 | 行业周报 gszqdatemark 2025 12 21 年 月 日 交通运输 关注元旦航旅出行预定数据与委内瑞拉油轮进展 周观点：航旅纵横大数据显示，截至 12 月 17 日，元旦假期国内、跨境航线 机票预订量同比分别增长 46%、18%；16 日，ICE 布油收 58.84 美元（盘中 最低 58.72 美元），为 5 月来首次。继续看好"扩内需"及"反内卷"下航空 板块中长期景气度，在油汇环境友好环境下航司盈利有望不断改善。基于周期 视角，在制裁趋严、OPEC+增产逐步反馈到出口的背景下，行业周期逻辑渐 明，可关注板块回调中的布局机会，重点关注招商轮船、中远海能 H/A。 行情回顾：本周交通运输板块行业指数上涨 2.04%，跑赢上证指数 2.01 个百 分点（上证指数上涨 0.03%）。从申万交通运输行业三级分类看，涨幅前三名 的板块分别为航空运输、跨境物流、公交，涨幅分别为 6.84%、3.10%、2.82%； 仅公路货运板块下跌，跌幅为-1.76%。 出行：航旅纵横大数据显示，截至 12 月 17 日，元旦假期国内、跨境航线机 票预订量同比分别增长 46%、18%。继续看好"扩内需 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - **Caustic Soda**: The later period still faces pressure. Although there was a rebound driven by macro anti - involution sentiment and capital position transfer, fundamentally, it remains in a high - production and high - inventory pattern. Demand is weak due to low alumina profits, seasonal decline in non - aluminum downstream demand, and export pressure. Supply is under great pressure during the winter when chlor - alkali enterprises have a low - maintenance season, and enterprises face high - inventory pressure with the need to reduce prices to clear inventory before the Spring Festival. The valuation is suppressed by alumina production cut expectations, and without production cuts by manufacturers, it's difficult to have a significant rebound [5][6]. - **PVC**: The trend is weak. The high - production structure is difficult to change in the short term. In 2026, attention can be paid to the maintenance intensity in spring and summer. The export market competition pressure increased in 2025, and the growth rate of export demand may slow down. Domestic demand related to the real estate remains weak, and enterprises have low inventory - stocking willingness. Although there are short - term rebounds, the overall high - production and high - inventory structure is difficult to change in the short term, but supply - side production cuts in the maintenance peak season next year can be expected [9][10]. 3. Summary According to the Catalog 3.1 Caustic Soda Price and Spread - **Contradiction between Bulls and Bears** - **Bears**: High supply and high inventory, with sample enterprise inventory up 50% year - on - year and significant inventory accumulation during the Spring Festival; continuous alumina production cut expectations; about 3% increase in new capacity in the next year while most non - aluminum downstream demand only grows at 2 - 3%; slowdown in export growth and limited support from the 50 - alkali - 32 - alkali spread structure; changes in delivery areas and delivery premiums [13]. - **Bulls**: Anti - deflation and anti - involution trends, low profit, low absolute price, small contango in the far - month contracts, and high potential returns; significant losses in the integrated profit of caustic soda and PVC, with marginal plants in Shandong approaching cash - flow costs; shutdown of overseas chlor - alkali plants and continuous expansion of the export market [13]. - **Spread Situation** - The basis of caustic soda 01 fluctuates, and the 1 - 5 month spread weakens [16]. - The 50 - alkali - 32 - alkali spread and the flake - alkali - liquid - alkali spread decline, which is negative for caustic soda [34][36]. - The export market has support but also faces structural adjustment. In October 2025, China's liquid caustic soda exports were 330,000 tons, up 10.39% year - on - year and down 8.90% month - on - month. From January to October, the cumulative export of liquid caustic soda was 2.944 million tons, up 41.93% year - on - year, and the cumulative export of caustic soda was 3.49 million tons, up 41.7% year - on - year. It is expected that caustic soda exports will increase by at least 30% year - on - year in 2025, exceeding 4 million tons for the whole year [23]. 3.2 Caustic Soda Supply - **Production and Inventory**: The average capacity utilization rate of caustic soda sample enterprises with a capacity of 200,000 tons and above in China is 84.7%, a week - on - week decrease of 1.5%. The inventory of fixed liquid caustic soda sample enterprises with a capacity of 200,000 tons and above is 464,700 tons (wet tons), a week - on - week increase of 1.66% and a year - on - year increase of 52.34%. The capacity - to - inventory ratio is 29.41%, a week - on - week increase of 0.41% [44][45][47]. - **New Capacity**: There will be continuous production in 2025 and 2026, with a capacity growth rate of over 3%. In 2025, the planned new capacity is 1.9 million tons, and in 2026, it is expected to be 2.56 million tons [51]. - **Cost**: The large - scale industrial electricity price in Shandong Province decreased in December, and the cost of caustic soda has limited support. The cost calculation of marginal plants in Shandong is 2,235 yuan/ton [52][55]. - **Chlorine - Consuming Downstream**: The start - up of propylene oxide is stable with a small loss in profit; the start - up of epichlorohydrin increases with a recovery in profit; the start - up of dichloromethane and chloroform declines with low profit [58][64][69]. 3.3 Caustic Soda Demand - **Alumina**: In 2025, the alumina capacity expanded significantly, with new capacity of 9.5 million tons expected. As of November 2025, 8.3 million tons of new alumina capacity had been put into production, and it is expected that there will still be 1.7 million tons of planned production. In 2026, the new capacity may reach 13.9 million tons. Currently, the alumina start - up declines, inventory rises, and profit declines. The low - profit situation of alumina leads to cautious procurement of caustic soda, and it is difficult for the alumina industry to expand the demand for caustic soda [74][75][76]. - **Other Industries**: The pulp industry is in the off - season with compressed terminal profits; the viscose staple fiber and printing and dyeing industries have a decline in start - up; the water treatment industry has a stable start - up; the ternary precursor industry has a decline in production [91][103][105][107]. 3.4 PVC Price and Spread - The main contract of PVC changes months, the basis fluctuates and strengthens, and the 1 - 5 month spread fluctuates weakly [112]. 3.5 PVC Supply and Demand - **Supply** - The start - up of PVC decreased week - on - week. The capacity utilization rate of PVC production enterprises is 77.38%, a week - on - week decrease of 2.05% and a year - on - year decrease of 2.23%. The ethylene - based method is at 76.54%, a week - on - week decrease of 2.36% and a year - on - year increase of 0.22%. The calcium - carbide - based method is at 77.74%, a week - on - week decrease of 1.92% and a year - on - year decrease of 3.04% [118][119]. - There will be 2.2 million tons of new PVC capacity put into production in 2025, and there is no new capacity in 2026. Currently, the Shandong chlor - alkali plant is in a loss situation, approaching the cash - flow cost [122][124]. - PVC production enterprises have a slight inventory accumulation, and the social inventory is at a high level [128]. - **Demand** - The real - estate terminal demand has not significantly recovered, and the overall start - up of PVC downstream industries decreased month - on - month [133][139]. - In October 2025, the PVC export volume was 312,100 tons, and the cumulative export from January to October was 3.2338 million tons. The single - month export decreased by 9.91% month - on - month and increased by 34.28% year - on - year, and the cumulative export increased by 48.88% year - on - year. India is still the most important destination for China's PVC exports [146]. - The PVC warehouse receipts decreased but are still at a high level [148].

Group 1 - A-shares experienced a collective rise with nearly 4,500 stocks closing in the green, and the trading volume reached 1.73 trillion yuan, an increase of 704 billion yuan from the previous day [1][18] - The Shanghai Composite Index has recovered above the 10-day and 20-day moving averages, facing resistance around 3,900 points, with the 60-day moving average at approximately 3,912 points being a critical level for potential upward movement [1][20] - The chemical sector, represented by the Chemical ETF (516020), saw a significant increase of 1.75%, marking three consecutive days of gains, with a total inflow of over 2 billion yuan in the past five trading days [3][22] Group 2 - The overall outlook for the A-share market remains positive, with expectations of a transition from policy-driven momentum to profit-driven growth, indicating a "bull market continuation" phase [2][21] - The chemical industry is expected to see a bottoming out and gradual recovery, with improvements in supply-demand dynamics and a favorable valuation environment, as the price-to-book ratio of the Chemical ETF is at a relatively low level [5][24] - The Hong Kong stock market is anticipated to regain upward momentum due to improved liquidity expectations and a focus on technology and innovation sectors, particularly in AI applications [9][10][11] Group 3 - The chemical sector's performance is bolstered by a recovery in traditional demand and the emergence of new industries, with inventory levels showing signs of replenishment [5][24] - The Hong Kong Internet ETF (513770) has attracted significant capital inflows, totaling 13.3 billion yuan over the past ten days, reflecting strong investor interest in the sector [1][10] - The AI application sector is witnessing increased activity, with major companies like Tencent and Meituan making advancements in AI technologies, which could drive future growth [9][14]