中美贸易摩擦

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两轮贸易摩擦,信用债投资复盘与展望
Changjiang Securities· 2025-05-05 23:31
固定收益丨深度报告 [Table_Title] 两轮贸易摩擦,信用债投资复盘与展望 %% %% %% %% research.95579.com 1 丨证券研究报告丨 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 2017 年 8 月至 2020 年 1 月,信用债市场在中美贸易摩擦与政策对冲交织下经历四阶段演变: 第一阶段(2017.8-2018.6)利率曲线短端受益定向降准下行;第二阶段(2018.7-2018.11)政 策宽松推动短端利率下行,但财政发力与 CPI 反弹抑制长端,行业融资显著分化;第三阶段 (2018.12-2019.4)宽信用政策与贸易摩擦缓和驱动利率债短暂走牛;第四阶段(2019.5- 2020.1)"包商银行事件"引发流动性分层,信用债内部分化加剧,城投借新还旧政策驱动融资 放量,而民企利差持续走阔。整体呈现"利率债避险强化、信用债风险定价重构"格局。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 赵增辉 赖逸儒 SAC:S0490524080003 SAC:S0490524120005 SFC:BVN394 SFC:BVZ968 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 2 / 23 %% %% ...
加拿大已经彻底颠了?拿下中国上亿订单后,宣布要向中美俄全面开炮
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-05-05 16:32
据环球时报援引彭博社报道,由于中美贸易紧张局势不断升级,中国炼油企业对美国石油的采购量大幅削减了90%,转而以空前规模从加拿大进口原油。报 道称,加拿大西部的跨山管道扩建项目(TMX)去年投入商业运作,为中国和其他东亚石油进口国获取艾伯塔省油砂区的丰富原油储备拓展了渠道。报道 引述货物跟踪和分析公司Vortexa Ltd.的数据称,今年3月,从跨山管道终点附近的温哥华港运往中国的原油进口量飙升至前所未有的730万桶,这一数字有望 在4月进一步上升。 特朗普(资料图) 同时,澳大利亚的谷饲牛肉在中国需求激增。2月和3月对华出口量同比增长近40%,而美国对华相关贸易陷入停滞。美国农业人士表示,今年大豆、小麦、 玉米或高粱的出口量非常有限。由于关税削弱了利润率,许多中国粮商已经停止从美国进口。巴西本周将接待由中国农业农村部高层人员组成的代表团,双 方将重点讨论巴西大豆和牛肉等农产品的出口。 特朗普(资料图) 中国石油企业协会 17 日发布的《中国油气产业发展分析与展望报告蓝皮书》,由多个单位研究人员联合编研。 2024 年,我国原油进口量为 5.53 亿吨,同 比下降 1.9%,进口格局多元且不均衡,来源地集中在中 ...
中采PMI|外贸压力进入验证期(2025年4月)
中信证券研究· 2025-05-05 07:59
Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI in April 2025 has declined compared to the previous month and the past five-year average, indicating a weakening manufacturing sector under external pressures, particularly from trade tensions with the US [1][3][4] Manufacturing PMI Analysis - The manufacturing PMI for April 2025 is reported at 49.0%, down 1.5 percentage points from the previous month and 1.3 percentage points lower than the five-year average, reflecting a decrease in manufacturing activity due to external trade pressures [2][3] - The production index within the manufacturing PMI is at 49.8%, which is 2.4 percentage points lower than the five-year average, indicating a decline in production levels [4] - The new export orders index is at 44.7%, significantly lower than the five-year average by 4.8 percentage points, primarily due to reduced exports to the US [4][5] Sector Performance - Among 15 major manufacturing sectors, only 5 have PMIs above the threshold, with 4 sectors showing a month-on-month increase, including non-ferrous metal smelting and processing, which rose by 9.1 percentage points [5] - The gap between PMIs of large, medium, and small enterprises is narrowing, with large enterprises experiencing a more significant decline [5] Non-Manufacturing PMI Insights - The non-manufacturing PMI for April 2025 is at 50.4%, which is 3.6 percentage points lower than the five-year average, indicating weaker domestic demand [6] - The service sector PMI is at 50.1%, and the construction sector PMI is at 51.9%, both reflecting a decline compared to historical averages [6] Policy Response - The Central Political Bureau meeting in April outlined measures to stabilize the economy, including accelerating existing policy implementation, introducing new policies, and preparing contingency plans [7] - Specific actions include expediting the issuance of local government bonds and establishing new financial tools to support infrastructure and industrial investments [7] Market Outlook - Economic fundamentals are expected to support the bond market, with anticipated monetary easing leading to a potential decline in interest rates for medium and long-term bonds [8]
特朗普开口提条件,中国没给台阶下,日本火速接盘:中国不买我买
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-05-04 10:21
事实上,中方的条件早已摆出:美方应取消所有对华加征的关税,放弃"极限施压"策略,停止利用威胁手段制造谈判筹码,建立一个平等、尊重、互惠的 对话基础。这些条件是中国当前的底线,也是重新恢复双边沟通的前提,如果做不到,那么无论是什么表态都没有实质意义。毕竟,见面需要诚意,不是 靠嘴上说说,更不是在社交媒体上发几条推文就可以解决的。特朗普必须拿出实际行动,满足中方的基本要求,才有可能重新建立信任和沟通渠道。 如果美国政府真的希望降低关税,他们最好主动给中方打来电话,毕竟是美方挑衅在先,要解决问题,华盛顿首先得拿出诚意。但对于爱面子的特朗普来 说,他恐怕不会轻易地主动给中国打来电话,中美或许还会对峙一段时间,美国才会因为熬不住而低头。但拿美国大豆来说,中国是美国大豆的头号出口 对象,去年美国对华大豆出口总额达到128.4亿美元。中美如果不能展开谈判降低关税,美国大豆商们可要着急了。在这样的背景下,特朗普政府似乎想 出了应急办法,那就是逼迫盟友买单。 种植大豆的美国农民(资料图) 据央视网报道,近日,美国总统特朗普在"空军一号"专机上对记者表示,除非中国做出实质性让步,否则不会取消对华加征的关税。中国驻美国使馆发言 人 ...
绕过关税,美国人“打飞的”来中国扫货
Zhong Guo Xin Wen Wang· 2025-05-03 12:23
Core Viewpoint - The recent termination of the tariff exemption policy for small packages from China has not deterred American consumers; instead, it has sparked a "reverse purchasing" trend, indicating a strong demand for Chinese products despite increased costs [5][10]. Group 1: Tariff Policy Impact - The U.S. has ended the tariff exemption for small packages valued under $800 from China, imposing tariffs of 120% of the value or $100, effective May 2 [2]. - A dress priced at $18.47 on a Chinese e-commerce platform saw its price rise to $44.68 after a $26.21 import fee, reflecting a price increase of over 140% [3]. - Some products on the Shein platform experienced price surges of approximately 377% due to the new tariffs [3]. Group 2: Consumer Behavior - Despite the increased costs, American consumers are traveling to China to shop, leading to a surge in "reverse purchasing" [5]. - Data from Alipay indicates that spending by American tourists in China has doubled year-on-year, highlighting a significant increase in demand for Chinese goods [6]. - Social media discussions reveal that many American consumers are actively seeking ways to purchase Chinese products, with some expressing a desire for assistance in sourcing items from China [8]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - The phenomenon of reverse purchasing reflects a growing recognition of the value and quality of Chinese products among American consumers [10]. - The demand for Chinese goods is seen as a response to the structural impacts of tariff policies and the ongoing trade tensions between the U.S. and China [10]. - The increase in shipping costs due to tariffs has not deterred consumers, who are finding ways to navigate the challenges posed by the new trade environment [10].
闪辉:高盛回答“关税十二问”
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-05-03 09:10
原创 证券市场周刊 红刊财经2025年04月24日 文丨吴海珊 编辑丨林伟萍 今年以来特朗普的关税问题一直是搅动全球市场的最大扰动因素。不仅股市、大宗商品价格波动巨大,宏观经济增长预期也不得不随之变动。 关税问题将如何影响宏观经济,又如何影响行业发展? 针对关税的种种问题,高盛首席中国经济学家闪辉和高盛中国股票策略分析师付思在4月11日的交流会上进行了解读,并就市场普遍关心的12 大问题给出了看法。 1、关税会对哪些行业产生较大影响? 特朗普的关税政策已经影响到了全球经济的方方面面,对于中美贸易来说关税到底会影响到哪些行业呢? 根据闪辉的研究,中国对美国出口产品多是机械设备等制造业产品,美国对中国出口多是大宗商品,例如大豆。 "简单来说,大宗商品是更同质性的,对供给市场依赖程度没有那么大,但美国进口的很多产品都是一些制造产品,短期内很难马上找到其他 的供应商。"闪辉说。 高盛宏观研究团队将美国从中国进口的2万多种产品进行了依赖度分类,结果显示,美国对中国进口依赖度超过70%的产品占到全部自中国进 口产品的36%。而中国从美国进口的产品中,依赖度超过70%只占中国从美国进口产品10%。 闪辉强调,鉴于中国对美出 ...
美国财长:若中方不主动让步,美国将升级局势,可能对华实施禁运
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-04-30 13:02
并不忘再补上一句,"如果不行,我们还有后招,禁运也不是没有可能。" 美国似乎在期待中国让步,但问题是,这一招真能奏效吗?禁运一旦启动,全球经济的反噬会让美国承受得起吗? 美国财长"禁航威胁" 长贝森特他认为中国应该主动降温,迈出第一步,他强调,中国对美出口额是美国对华出口的五倍,基于这一差距,他认为目前的125%关税 政策是不现实的,无法持续下去。 贝森特还进一步威胁,如果局势恶化,升级的选项可能包括实施禁运,但他也表示希望这种情况不会发生。 前言 4月28日,美国财政部长贝森特在接受CNBC采访时拿出了"升级版威胁",中国应该主动"降温"。 中美聚焦——美财长:希望中方率先缓和贸易紧张局势 贝森特似乎拿出了一副"铁证",用中国对美出口额是美国对华出口五倍这个数字来说明关税不可能继续维持。 但问题是,这个看似有力的论据背后,其实漏洞百出,逻辑不太成立,首先,中美之间的贸易结构本就不对等。 中国凭借完善的产业链,生产了大量的日常消费品和电子产品,而这些恰恰是美国消费者离不开的东西。 说白了,如果没有中国的这些产品,美国的消费者可能得付出更高的价格,甚至有些商品根本买不到。 而美国在半导体等多个领域对中国设置的种 ...
铜:价格持续修复,关注内需改善及抢出口的持续性
Wen Hua Cai Jing· 2025-04-30 10:22
Group 1 - In April, copper prices initially fell to 72,000 yuan/ton before recovering to around 77,000 yuan/ton due to rising market risk aversion and subsequent easing of trade tensions by the U.S. government [2] - The U.S. is negotiating trade agreements with 15 to 18 key partners, with India likely to be the first to reach an agreement, while the trade negotiations with China are intensifying [3] - The supply of copper concentrate remains tight, with processing fees declining significantly, and major mining companies have lowered their production guidance for 2025 [4] Group 2 - The import of scrap copper from the U.S. has dropped sharply, with March imports falling to 22,000 tons, a 29% decrease, as China imposes high tariffs on U.S. goods [5] - Social copper inventory has decreased for eight consecutive weeks, with a total of 155,100 tons, reflecting a tightening supply and increasing domestic demand [6] - The domestic copper market is experiencing a supply-demand imbalance, with increased production in the face of limited imports, and the operating rate of major copper rod enterprises has risen to 79.56% [6] Group 3 - Overall, the copper market is facing weak supply, but demand is marginally improving due to domestic policies and overseas exports, although the sustainability of this demand recovery is in question [8] - The high tariffs imposed by both the U.S. and China are expected to severely impact consumer demand for durable goods, with potential negative effects on future demand [8] - The progress of U.S.-China trade negotiations will be crucial for copper prices, which may continue to rise if negotiations go smoothly, but could face downward pressure if they stall [8]
关税博弈维度下的人民币汇率波动与趋势研判
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-04-30 09:50
导读 2025年4月22日,由中国人民大学深圳研究院(社会科学高等研究院(深圳))主办,中国人民大学国际货币研究所(IMI)、中国人民大学深圳金融高 等研究院共同承办的"人大深圳社科沙龙"(第49期)暨"大金融思想沙龙"(总第252期)在线上成功举行,本次会议的主题为: "全球经济变局下的人民 币汇率观察"。 IMI研究员、中国人民大学财政金融学院副教授陆利平发表主题报告, 中国人民大学经济学院原党委常务副书记兼副院长王晋斌,国家发展和改革委员会 宏观经济研究院研究员曲凤杰,北京航空航天大学经济管理学院金融学教授谭小芬,华创证券研究所副所长、首席宏观分析师张瑜等嘉宾出席会议并参与 研讨。本次沙龙由 中国人民大学财政金融学院教授张顺明主持。 主题报告 沙龙第一环节,由 IMI研究员、中国人民大学财政金融学院副教授陆利平发表主题报告,提出三方面观点,一是近期全球经济格局面临重大变化,美国对 华关税政策对中国出口和经济增长带来不确定性,人民币汇率承压。美元指数持续走弱及美国经济衰退预期持续作用于汇率。二是贸易摩擦是影响汇率走 势的重要因素,本轮摩擦中人民币短期贬值后迅速反弹,波动性明显增强。三是人民币汇率同时面临多 ...
宝城期货煤焦早报-20250430
Bao Cheng Qi Huo· 2025-04-30 02:05
投资咨询业务资格:证监许可【2011】1778 号 宝城期货煤焦早报(2025 年 4 月 30 日) ◼ 品种观点参考 时间周期说明:短期为一周以内、中期为两周至一月 | 品种 | | 短期 | 中期 | 日内 | 观点参考 | 核心逻辑概要 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 焦煤 | 2509 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 震荡 偏弱 | 震荡思路 | 基本面拖累,焦煤继续探底 | | 焦炭 | 2509 | 震荡 | 震荡 | 震荡 偏弱 | 震荡思路 | 需求存见顶预期,焦炭弱势运行 | 备注: 1.有夜盘的品种以夜盘收盘价为起始价格,无夜盘的品种以昨日收盘价为起始价格,当日日盘收盘 价为终点价格,计算涨跌幅度。 2.跌幅大于 1%为下跌,跌幅 0~1%为震荡偏弱,涨幅 0~1%为震荡偏强,涨幅大于 1%为上涨。 3.震荡偏强/偏弱只针对日内观点,短期和中期不做区分。 ◼ 主要品种价格行情驱动逻辑—商品期货黑色板块 品种:焦煤(JM) 日内观点:震荡偏弱 中期观点:震荡 参考观点:震荡思路 核心逻辑:4 月 29 日夜盘,焦煤主力合约继续下挫,突 ...