文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 欧元区：6月PMI初值（6/23） ，6月消费者信心指数终值（6/27）。 日本：6月PMI初值（6/23） ，6月东京CPI数据（6/27），5月失业率和求人倍率（6/27），5月零售销售 （6/27）。 本周海外重要经济数据和事件回顾 美国：1） 美联储6月FOMC会议维持利率不变，符合预期。 2）5月零售销售低于预期 ，环比-0.9%，预 期-0.6%，前值从0.1%下修至-0.1%，除汽车外的零售销售环比-0.3%，预期0.2%，前值从0.1%下修至0%。 3）5月工业产值低于预期 ，环比-0.2%，预期0%，前值从0上修至0.1%。 4）5月进口价格指数高于预期 ， 环比0%，预期-0.2%，前值0.1%。 5） 5月新屋开工折年125.6万套，预期135万套，前值从136.1万套上修至 139.2万套。 欧元区：5月CPI终值符合预期 。CPI同比终值1.9%，预期1.9%，初值从1.9%上修为2.2%，前值2.2%；核 心CPI同比2.3%，初值2.3%，前值2.3%。 日本：1） 日央行6月会议维持 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：付春生 （18482259975） 报告摘要 本轮伊以冲突以来，伊朗再次发出封锁霍尔木兹海峡的威胁。本篇报告主要梳理霍尔木兹海峡的贸易重要 性以及封锁威胁的"前车之鉴"。 一、霍尔木兹海峡的能源贸易战略地位 霍尔木兹海峡介于伊朗与阿拉伯半岛的阿曼角之间。海峡北岸是伊朗，海峡南岸是阿曼；东接阿曼湾，西 连波斯湾， 是波斯湾通往印度洋的唯一出口 。 霍尔木兹海峡是全球能源贸易的咽喉要道 。2024年全球石油和其他液体燃料的消费量大约102.7百万桶/ 天，其中大约75.5百万桶/日是通过海运运输，占比约74%。而 流经霍尔木兹海峡的石油和其他液体燃料的 贸易量大约20.3百万桶/天，占全球消费量约20%，占全球海运贸易量约27% 。此外，2023年全球天然气消 费约3.96万亿立方米，其中贸易量占比约32%。在天然气贸易中，LNG贸易量占天然气贸易量的比例约 46%。 2024年流经霍尔木兹海峡的LNG贸易量约占全球LNG贸易量的20%，即约占全球天然气贸易量的 9% 。 二、封锁海峡，哪些地区受影响最大？ 从 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant growth of individual income tax (IIT) in May, which has outperformed other tax categories, indicating a potential positive trend amidst overall fiscal challenges [4][11]. Group 1: Individual Income Tax (IIT) Insights - In May, the IIT increased by 12.3% year-on-year, leading all tax categories, following a 9% increase in April [4][11]. - From January to May, IIT is the only major tax category showing positive growth at 8.2%, significantly above the annual budget target of 3.2% [4][11]. - The growth in IIT is attributed to wage increases and dividend income, with wages accounting for 65.5% and dividends for 13.3% of IIT [5][6]. Group 2: Sustainability of IIT Growth - The growth in IIT may continue due to delayed salary adjustments for civil servants and increased trading volume in dividend stocks [5][6]. - The potential release of pent-up consumption from delayed salary adjustments could sustain IIT growth into the latter half of 2024 [5][6]. Group 3: Impact on Incremental Policies - IIT's growth could offset the scale of incremental policy measures but may not change the direction of these policies [7][22]. - If IIT maintains its growth rate, it could exceed budget expectations by approximately 700 billion [7][22]. - Future incremental policies will be influenced by fiscal needs and economic demands, with key meetings scheduled for late July and August [8][9][10]. Group 4: Fiscal Data Analysis - In May, overall fiscal revenue showed a slight increase of 0.1%, with central government revenue maintaining a positive growth of 0.4% while local revenue turned negative at -0.1% [25][27]. - The manufacturing sector, particularly in computer and communication equipment, showed double-digit growth in tax revenue [27]. - Government fund income turned negative at -8.1% in May, primarily due to declining land sales revenue [41].

Group 1 - The research team of Huachuang Securities is positioned to serve professional investors, providing timely communication of research viewpoints in the context of new media [3] - The materials are intended solely for recognized professional investors and should not be used by ordinary investors due to potential misinterpretation of key assumptions, ratings, and target prices [3] - The information is derived from research reports published by Huachuang Securities, and any discrepancies in the summaries should refer back to the complete content of the original reports [3]

Core Viewpoint - The document emphasizes that the research material is intended solely for professional investors associated with Huachuang Securities, highlighting the importance of appropriate investor suitability management [1][2][3] Group 1 - The research team at Huachuang Securities is positioned to provide timely communication of research viewpoints specifically for professional investors in the context of new media [3] - The material is not intended for general investors, as they may lack the necessary interpretative services to understand key assumptions, ratings, and target prices, potentially leading to investment losses [3] - The document clarifies that the information is derived from previously published research reports by Huachuang Securities, and any discrepancies should refer to the complete content of the original reports [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article indicates that the U.S. economy is showing signs of a downward trend, but the probability of a significant downturn is low. Key indicators across employment, inventory, investment, consumption, and financial conditions suggest a weakening economic structure [2]. Group 1: Employment Market - The employment market is experiencing structural weakening, with a significant cooling in supply-demand relationships. Job openings are at 4.4%, below the 12th percentile since 2018, indicating weaker labor demand compared to pre-pandemic levels [5][20]. - Labor supply is also weak, with a participation rate of 62.4%, which is below the 38th percentile since 2018. The labor market's supply-demand gap is at 1.0, indicating a significant cooling [21]. - Leading indicators suggest a downward trend in the employment market, with rising unemployment claims pointing towards an increase in the unemployment rate [23]. Group 2: Inventory - The U.S. is currently in a weak inventory replenishment cycle, with inventory growth turning positive in 2024 but at a low rate. The manufacturing PMI has been fluctuating around 50, indicating alternating active and passive replenishment [6][27]. - Three leading indicators suggest a low probability of large-scale inventory replenishment in the near future, with the manufacturing PMI indicating weak inventory investment [30]. Group 3: Private Sector Investment - Non-residential investment is expected to continue declining in the next six months, with leading indicators such as manufacturing PMI and new orders showing weakness [7][34]. - In the real estate sector, weak demand, high inventory, and elevated financing costs are expected to hinder improvement in real estate investment [39]. Group 4: Consumer Spending - Consumer income growth is slowing, with disposable income growth recorded at 4.2% in Q1 2025, below the historical average of 5.2% [10][58]. - The wealth effect is diminishing, with a significant drop in excess wealth from $14.9 trillion to $11.1 trillion, a decrease of 26% [65]. - Despite reduced consumer spending capacity, the health of household balance sheets remains strong, with low leverage and manageable interest payment burdens [73]. Group 5: Financial Conditions - Financial conditions are currently in a loose state, with the Bloomberg Financial Conditions Index turning positive again after a tightening period due to tariff policies [78]. - The Chicago Fed's National Financial Conditions Index also indicates a loose financial environment, remaining at the 42nd percentile since 2018 [80].

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：付春生 （18482259975） 报告摘要 6 月FOMC会议：符合预期，市场反应平淡 1、不降息，将联邦基金目标利率保持在4.25-4.5%，符合预期。 会议声明删除了5月份的"高失业率和更高通胀的风险已经上升"的判断，将经济前景的不确定性 从"进一步增加（increased further）"修改为"已经减少但依然较高（has diminished but remains elevated）"。 2、继续下调增长预测、上调失业率和通胀预测 （今年3月相比去年12月已下调增长预测、上调通胀和失业率预测）。将2025年4季度的实际GDP同比预测从1.7% 下调至1.4%，失业率预测从4.4%上调至4.5%，核心PCE价格指数同比从2.8%上调至3.1%，PCE价格指数同比从2.7%上调至3.0%。 3、点阵图维持今年2次降息不变，但预测值的分布上移表明，边际仍倾向少降息 。在19位FOMC成员中，有7人预测今年不降息（3月为4人），有2人预测降息1次 （3月为4人），有8人预测降息2次（3月为9人），有2 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of "quantity" over "price" in understanding macroeconomic changes, particularly in the context of U.S. policies and their impact on global trade and China's exports [2][3]. Group 1: U.S. Policies and Imports - The relationship between U.S. new policies and imports is critical, with a focus on fiscal debt reduction, increased household savings, and reduced corporate financing as key factors influencing trade deficits [4]. - Current conditions suggest that U.S. import growth will not be lower than last year, despite uncertainties surrounding fiscal policies and consumer behavior [4][5]. Group 2: China's Exports - The article discusses the impact of U.S. imports on China's exports, highlighting two types of risks: beta risk (overall decline in global demand due to U.S. tariff increases) and alpha risk (reduction in China's share of U.S. imports) [5]. - The forecast for China's export growth ranges from -5% to 0%, with specific quarterly projections indicating fluctuations in growth rates [5][7]. Group 3: Employment and Output - A 1% shock in exports could potentially affect approximately 1.053 million jobs, emphasizing the link between export performance and employment levels [9]. - The article notes that stable employment is crucial for maintaining economic growth, as indicated by recent government discussions on employment stability [9]. Group 4: Fiscal and Financial Policies - Fiscal spending is projected to require an increase of 1.1 to 2.1 trillion yuan to support economic growth, with a focus on major projects and capital injections [10]. - The financial sector is expected to see an increase in credit expansion, with non-bank financing projected to rise significantly in 2024 [13]. Group 5: Consumption and Investment - Consumption patterns are shifting, with a focus on low-income groups and the impact of subsidies on spending behavior [14]. - Investment strategies are evolving from traditional infrastructure expansion to more technology-driven and equipment-focused investments [14]. Group 6: Export Strategies - The article outlines strategies for enhancing exports through diversification in product categories, trade practices, and partnerships, particularly with countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative [15][16]. Group 7: Economic Forecasts - The GDP growth forecast for 2025 is around 5%, with specific quarterly growth rates projected [38]. - Inflationary pressures are expected to be slightly higher than in 2024, with fixed asset investment growth anticipated to slow down [38].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of focusing on "quantity" over "price" in the current economic environment, highlighting that the constraints on price are increasing while the clarity of quantity as a mainline is evident [4][25][26]. Group 1: Asset Perspectives - Equity investment should focus on identifying certainty from "quantity," with a low volatility environment expected to persist, and an upward movement in the market is still pending verification [16][18]. - The bond market is expected to see a defined interest rate range influenced by central bank policies, with a focus on long-term bond positioning [19][20]. - The currency exchange rate is anticipated to seek stability, with the RMB/USD exchange rate expected to remain within a narrow range due to policy interventions [20][21]. - Gold is viewed as a long-term strategic investment, with expectations of price increases driven by global order restructuring [21]. Group 2: Economic Analysis - The article discusses the relationship between exports and employment, indicating that a 1% shock in exports could impact approximately 1.053 million jobs, emphasizing the importance of stabilizing employment in the current economic climate [7][28]. - The analysis of external demand highlights the need for a balanced approach to internal and external economic pressures, with a focus on increasing domestic demand to counteract potential declines in trade surplus [40][41]. - The article outlines potential growth areas for exports, including new energy, metal products, and machinery, with a significant increase in exports to countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative [12][55]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities - Investment strategies are shifting from construction-focused to equipment acquisition, driven by technological innovation and urban renewal projects, with significant government support for high-end equipment purchases [62]. - The article identifies key sectors for investment growth, including technology innovation, urban infrastructure updates, and industrial backup, with specific emphasis on the demand for advanced equipment in sectors like robotics and data processing [62].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need to revise the GDP growth forecast for the second quarter, projecting it to be between 5.2% and 5.4% due to strong performance in industrial and service sectors, alongside a notable rebound in consumer spending [2][5]. Economic Overview - In May, industrial production growth was recorded at 5.8%, while the service sector's production index grew by 6.2%. Consumer spending showed a year-on-year increase of 6.4%, up from 5.1% in April [20][25]. - Investment growth has slowed, with fixed asset investment growth at 2.7% in May, down from 3.5% in April. Real estate investment continued to decline, with a year-on-year drop of 12.0% [20][38]. Consumer Spending Insights - The article identifies several factors contributing to the unexpected rise in consumer spending, including accelerated "trade-in" programs, early promotional activities for the 618 shopping festival, and an increase in holidays compared to the previous year [6][10]. - Specific categories such as home appliances saw a significant increase in sales, with a 53% growth in May. Online shopping also surged, with an 8.2% increase compared to the previous year [27][28]. Consumer Potential Analysis - The article highlights five groups with increasing consumer potential: retirees, individuals with dividend income from listed companies, urban operators, rural wage earners, and those engaging in preventive savings [3][7]. - However, it also notes that certain groups, such as borrowers and urban private sector employees, require additional support to enhance their consumption potential [17][18]. Detailed Economic Data - The report provides a detailed analysis of May's economic data, indicating that the consumer price index (CPI) remained stable at -0.1%, while the producer price index (PPI) decreased by 3.3% [21][22]. - The unemployment rate in urban areas decreased to 5.0%, reflecting a slight improvement in the job market [22]. Investment Trends - Fixed asset investment growth has been primarily driven by sectors such as infrastructure and manufacturing, with manufacturing investment growth at 8.5% for the first five months of the year [38][40]. - The report also notes a decline in real estate investment, with new construction area down by 19.3% year-on-year in May [29][30].