文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 袁玲玲（微信 Yuen43） 报告摘要 （四）关税相关 ： 6 月 12 日，商务部举行新闻发布会。记者就中美伦敦经贸会谈内容提问，" 中美 已达成协议，美国将对华征收 55% 的关税，中国将对美征收 10% 的关税，并且中国将和之前一样向 美国出口磁体和稀土材料 "。商务部发言人表示，中国"依法依规对稀土相关物项出口许可申请进行审 查，已依法批准一定数量的合规申请，并将持续加强合规申请的审批工作"。 风险提示： 政策更新不及时。 近一周，对外开放继续推进，主要涉及前沿地区试点及经验推广。 （一）试点经验推广 。 6 月 13 日，总理主持召开国常会，部署中国（上海）自由贸易试验区试点措 施复制推广工作。会议提出，"要在守住风险底线的前提下，更大力度开展制度型开放试验，加快构建 更高水平开放型经济新体制"。 （二）试点地区扩大开放 。 6 月 11 日，中办、国办印发关于深入推进深圳综合改革试点深化改革创 新扩大开放的意见， 在金融、低空经济、数据、医药等领域，赋予深圳新 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 文若愚（微信 LRsuperdope） 事项 2025 年 5 月，新增社融 2.29 万亿（前值 1.16 万亿），新增人民币贷款 6200 亿（前值 2800 亿）。社融 存量同比增长 8.7% （前值 8.7% ）， M2 同比增长 7.9% （前值 8% ），新口径 M1 同比增长 2.3% （前 值 1.5% ）。 核心观点 1 、在海外关税政策不确定性的影响下， 4 月和 5 月企业存款回落，企业现金流或承受一定程度的冲击。 2 、但在国内稳定资本市场政策的确定性的影响下，新增非银存款持续抬升， 4 月 5 月非银存款新增规模 是 2016 年以来同期最高值。 3 、政府层面，政府加速发债的背景下，新增存款规模相对偏慢，从这个视角来看政府债的下拨也相对偏 快，不过要关注后续政府债接近发行规模后的续航问题。 4 、从领先指标来看，企业居民存款剪刀差自 2024 年 9 月以来仍在持续改善，外部环境的不确定性并未打 破这一趋势，这或许意味着国内政策的确定性当下或是影响经济循环行为更重要的变量。 报 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing discourse on "de-dollarization" in the context of U.S. tariff policies, highlighting the reliance of U.S. companies on overseas business and the potential impact on their performance due to changing global economic dynamics [2][4]. Group 1: Overseas Revenue Proportion - In the S&P 500 index, the proportion of non-U.S. revenue is approximately 30%, which is higher for large enterprises compared to small enterprises, where it is about 20% [6][18]. - The companies disclosing non-U.S. revenue in the S&P 500 represent about 83% of the total market capitalization, indicating a high level of representativeness [6][18]. Group 2: Industry Exposure to Overseas Revenue - The technology sector has the highest exposure to overseas revenue, with over 50% of its revenue coming from non-U.S. sources, followed by materials, healthcare, and communications, all exceeding 30% [7][21]. - Key industries like technology and communications account for nearly half of the total market capitalization of the S&P 500, indicating their significant reliance on overseas business [7][21]. Group 3: Major Companies' Overseas Business - More than half of the major companies in the S&P 500 have overseas business proportions exceeding their respective industry averages [9][26]. - For instance, Apple has 57% of its revenue from overseas, while Nvidia and Broadcom have 56% and 75%, respectively, which are above the technology sector's average of 51% [10][26]. Group 4: Importance of Asian and European Markets - Asian and European markets are nearly equally important, with Asian revenue accounting for 45% and European revenue for 40% of non-U.S. income [12][40]. - In the technology and energy sectors, Asian revenue is significantly higher than European revenue, while in consumer and financial sectors, European revenue dominates [12][40]. Group 5: Growth Rates of Domestic vs. Overseas Revenue - The growth of overseas revenue is generally outpacing domestic revenue growth, particularly in the communications sector, which shows a consistent trend of higher growth in non-U.S. revenue [13][44]. - The materials sector also exhibits higher growth in overseas revenue compared to total revenue for 2023-2024 [13][44]. Group 6: Profitability of Overseas Business - Certain industries, including essential and non-essential consumer goods, materials, and technology, show higher profit margins for overseas business compared to domestic operations [15][50]. - For example, the average operating profit margin for overseas business in the technology sector is 33%, which is higher than the overall average of 20% [15][50]. Group 7: Dependence on Chinese Market - The technology and communications sectors have a higher proportion of revenue from China, at 25.1%, compared to the overall average of 16.5% [16][57]. - However, revenue growth from China for these sectors has slowed in the past two years, potentially due to U.S. restrictions on technology [16][57].

Group 1 - The document emphasizes that the research material is intended solely for professional investors and should not be shared with non-professional investors [1][2] - It highlights the potential misunderstanding that ordinary investors may face due to the lack of interpretative services regarding key assumptions, ratings, and target prices in the reports [2] - The content is derived from previously published research reports by Huachuang Securities, and any discrepancies should refer to the complete report published on the same date [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent trends in the US Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the potential impacts of tariffs on inflation, highlighting that the CPI has been consistently below market expectations for three consecutive months [2][10]. Group 1: CPI Trends - In May, the CPI year-on-year increased from 2.3% to 2.4%, which was below Bloomberg's expectation of 2.5%. The core CPI remained stable at 2.8%, also below the expected 2.9% [2][20]. - The month-on-month CPI rose by 0.1%, lower than both the expected and previous values of 0.2%. The core CPI also increased by 0.1%, below the expected 0.3% [2][20]. - The proportion of CPI items with a year-on-year increase exceeding 2% rose from 37.7% to 40.8%, indicating a widening inflation breadth [20]. Group 2: Tariff Impact on Inflation - The article identifies several factors that may have suppressed the impact of tariffs on inflation, including the suspension and reduction of reciprocal tariffs and micro-level tax avoidance measures [3][10]. - The effective tariff rate in April was only 7.07%, significantly lower than estimates of 13-20% from overseas institutions, suggesting that various avoidance strategies have mitigated the tariff impact [3][10]. - The first sale rule allows importers to calculate tariffs based on the initial sale price, which may further reduce the effective tariff burden [11]. Group 3: Market Expectations and Consumer Behavior - Market expectations for interest rate cuts have increased, with the futures market pricing in an average of 1.97 rate cuts for the year, up from 1.73 [2][29]. - Consumer inflation expectations have risen, with one-year and five-year inflation expectations remaining at their highest levels in 45 and 25 years, respectively [5][13]. - Despite concerns about price increases, a significant majority of retail executives plan to raise prices, indicating ongoing pressure for price transmission in the market [6][15].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025," focusing on tax reform, spending cuts, increased spending, and raising the debt ceiling, highlighting the potential impacts on the U.S. economy and fiscal deficit [1][9]. Group 1: Key Issues - Tax Reform: The act extends and expands personal tax cuts from the 2017 tax reform, leading to an estimated increase in the primary deficit of approximately $3.8 trillion from 2025 to 2034 [2][10]. - Spending Cuts: The act proposes cuts in healthcare, education, food assistance, and energy, which are expected to reduce the primary deficit by about $1.95 trillion over the same period [2][17]. - Increased Spending: Additional spending in military defense and immigration is projected to increase the primary deficit by approximately $480 billion from 2025 to 2034 [2][18]. - Debt Ceiling: The act raises the statutory debt ceiling by $4 trillion to $40.1 trillion, addressing the current public debt situation [2][21]. Group 2: Impact on Deficit, Economic Growth, and Distribution Effects - Deficit Impact: The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that the act will increase the primary deficit by about $2.3 trillion from 2025 to 2034, while other estimates range from $2.6 trillion to $2.8 trillion [4][26]. - Economic Growth: The act is expected to have a minimal impact on GDP growth, with estimates suggesting an increase of about 0.4% over the period from 2025 to 2034 [4][32]. - Distribution Effects: The act may exacerbate income inequality, as it is projected to benefit higher-income households more than lower-income ones, potentially widening the income gap [4][37][43]. Group 3: Future Developments - Legislative Process: The act requires agreement between the House and Senate to become law, facing internal divisions within the Republican Party that may complicate its passage [4][46]. - Key Dates: Important timelines include the desire for the act to be signed into law by July 4, the "X date" around August when the debt ceiling must be addressed, and the end of the fiscal year in September [4][47][49].

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：夏雪（微信SuperSummerSnow） 核心观点 5 月出口整体来看，考虑到前期抢出口以及 5 月上半月高关税的压力，全月同比 4.8% ，并不算低。按照 《出口不确定性的"β、α"二分法——4月进出口数据 点评》 分析框架， 5 月贸易数据反映出的或是： 3 ）后续从高频来看， 6 月整体出口量增速或边际回落，仍具韧性，中国对美国直接出口或有所反弹。此外，欧盟或是重要增量（其制造业 PMI 未来产出预 期指数持续回升，或指向工业生产的复苏）。 报告摘要 一、"β、α"二分法看 5 月出口 （一）需求（β）风险如何？ 事项 5 月，中国美元计价出口同比 4.8% ，基本符合彭博一致预期 5% ， 4 月同比 8.1% ；美元计价进口同比 -3.4% ，弱于彭博一致预期 -0.9% ， 4 月同比 -0.2% 。 1 ）对于β风险，通俗来说即美国进口崩盘的风险。目前从美国进口数据来看，还暂看不出风险的爆发，但是景气前瞻指标和高频都指向美国进口或面临持续 趋弱的压力。 2 ）对于α风险，即中国市场份额损失风 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人：付春生（18482259975） 事 项 5月，CPI同比下降0.1%，预期下降0.2%，前值下降0.1%；核心CPI同比上涨0.6%，前值上涨0.5%。PPI同 比下降3.3%，预期下降3.2%，前值下降2.7%。 核心观点 物价环比的意义较同比可能更为重要。我们系统分析，从环比来看，今年以来的物价，哪些"强"，哪 些"弱"，更有助于全面和定量地看待物价的分化特征 。 CPI的"强"与"弱" 就CPI而言，因季节性较为明显且变动相对较小，若今年前5个月的环比累计涨幅大于2021-2024年同期环比 累计涨幅，定义为"强"，反之定义为"弱" 。 第一，整体来看 ，今年以来CPI环比累计涨幅为0%，弱于2021-24年同期的0.4%；但核心CPI环比累计涨幅 为0.5%，略好于2021-24年同期的0.4%。 第二，从大类来看 ， 食品 （ 今年环比累计涨幅-0.6%，过去4年同期为-1%，下同） 、 房租（0.1%， 0%）、核心商品（0.9%，0.1%） 价格"强"，能源（-2.3%，3.8%）、除房租以 ...

法律声明 华 创 证券研究所 定 位 为 面 向 专 业 投 资 者的研究团队，本资料仅适用于经认可的 专 业 投 资 者 ， 仅 供 在 新 媒 体 背景下研究 观 点 的 及 时 交 流 。 华 创证券不因任何订阅本资料的行为而将订 阅 人 视 为 公 司 的 客 户 。 普 通 投资者若使 用 本 资 料 ， 有 可 能 因 缺乏解读服务而对报告中的关键假设、评 级 、 目 标 价 等 内 容 产 生 理 解 上的歧义， 进 而 造 成 投 资 损 失 。 本资料来自华创证券研究所已经发布的研究报告，若对报告的摘编产生歧义，应以报告发布当日的完整内容为 准。须注意的是，本资料仅代表报告发布当日的判断，相关的分析意见及推测可能会根据华创证券研究所后续发 布的研究报告在不发出通知的情形下做出更改。华创证券的其他业务部门或附属机构可能独立做出与本资料的意 见或建议不一致的投资决策。本资料所指的证券或金融工具的价格、价值及收入可涨可跌，以往的表现不应作为 文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 付春生（18482259975） 根据《证券期货投资 ...

文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 袁玲玲（微信 Yuen43） 报告摘要 继 5 月 10 日日内瓦经贸会谈后，近一周中美关税会谈再次出现新的积极变化： （一）总书记同美国总统特朗普通电话。总书记指出，"校正中美关系这艘大船的航向，需要我们把好 舵、定好向"，并"欢迎特朗普再次访华" ； 特朗普表示，"美方愿同中方共同努力落实协议。美方欢迎 中国留学生来美学习"；两国元首同意双方团队继续落实好日内瓦共识，尽快举行新一轮会谈。 （二）中美经贸磋商机制将举行首次会议 。 6 月 7 日，外交部发言人宣布：应英国政府邀请，中共 中央政治局委员、国务院副总理何立峰将于 6 月 8 日至 13 日访问英国。其间，将与美方举行中美经 贸磋商机制首次会议。 （三）稀土出口管制措施出现变化 。 6 月 7 日，商务部新闻发言人就中重稀土出口管制措施答记者 问，"已依法批准一定数量的合规申请，并将持续加强合规申请的审批工作。中方愿就此进一步加强与 相关国家的出口管制沟通对话"。 近一周，其他值得关注的政策： （一）外交：与 ...