Quantitative Models and Construction Methods - **Model Name**: Excellent Fund Performance Enhancement Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: Transition from benchmarking broad-based indices to benchmarking active equity funds, leveraging quantitative methods to enhance fund selection and achieve "best of the best" [4][19][52] **Model Construction Process**: 1. Benchmark against the median return of active equity funds, represented by the biased equity hybrid fund index (885001.WI) [19][52] 2. Use a layered neutralization process for return-related factors to address style concentration issues [52] 3. Optimize the portfolio to control deviations in individual stocks, industries, and styles relative to the selected fund holdings [53] **Model Evaluation**: Demonstrates strong stability and the ability to consistently outperform the median of active equity funds [53] - **Model Name**: Outperformance Selection Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: Focus on stocks with significant outperformance events, selecting those with both fundamental support and technical resonance [5][58] **Model Construction Process**: 1. Filter stocks based on research report titles indicating outperformance and analysts' upward revisions of net profit [5][58] 2. Conduct dual-layer screening on fundamentals and technicals to select stocks with both fundamental support and technical resonance [5][58] **Model Evaluation**: Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually, demonstrating strong performance [59] - **Model Name**: Securities Firms' Golden Stock Performance Enhancement Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: Optimize the securities firms' golden stock pool to achieve stable outperformance relative to the biased equity hybrid fund index [6][63] **Model Construction Process**: 1. Use the securities firms' golden stock pool as the stock selection space and benchmark [6][33] 2. Optimize the portfolio to control deviations in individual stocks, industries, and styles relative to the golden stock pool [6][33] **Model Evaluation**: Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually, reflecting stable performance [64] - **Model Name**: Growth and Stability Portfolio **Model Construction Idea**: Focus on the "golden period" of excess returns for growth stocks, using a two-dimensional evaluation system based on time series and cross-sectional analysis [7][68] **Model Construction Process**: 1. Use the "excess return release map" to identify the strongest excess return periods before and after positive events [68] 2. Prioritize stocks closer to their financial report disclosure dates, and use multi-factor scoring to select high-quality stocks when the sample size is large [7][68] 3. Introduce mechanisms such as weak balancing, transition, buffering, and risk avoidance to reduce turnover and mitigate risks [68] **Model Evaluation**: Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually, with strong performance [69] --- Backtesting Results of Models - **Excellent Fund Performance Enhancement Portfolio**: - Annualized return: 20.31% - Excess return relative to biased equity hybrid fund index: 11.83% - Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually [54][57] - **Outperformance Selection Portfolio**: - Annualized return: 30.55% - Excess return relative to biased equity hybrid fund index: 24.68% - Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually [59][61] - **Securities Firms' Golden Stock Performance Enhancement Portfolio**: - Annualized return: 19.34% - Excess return relative to biased equity hybrid fund index: 14.38% - Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually [64][67] - **Growth and Stability Portfolio**: - Annualized return: 35.51% - Excess return relative to biased equity hybrid fund index: 26.88% - Consistently ranks in the top 30% of active equity funds annually [69][72]

Investment Rating of the Reported Industry No information provided in the given content. Core Views of the Report - In the first three quarters of 2025, the bond market yield showed an "N"-shaped trend. Credit bond yields fluctuated similarly to government bond yields, with overall wide - range volatile upward movement. Credit spreads first narrowed and then widened slightly. Default risk continued to decline, with default entities concentrated in real - estate bonds, mainly private enterprises. The amount of credit bonds with a downgraded implied rating in the ChinaBond market increased year - on - year, while the amount of upgraded ones was lower than the same period last year [9][37][38]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Valuation Curve: Yields Fluctuated Widely and Rose - As of September 23, 2025, the yields of 1 - year Treasury bonds, 10 - year Treasury bonds, and 10 - year China Development Bank bonds changed by 30BP, 20BP, and 30BP respectively. The yields of 3 - year AAA, 3 - year AA +, 3 - year AA, and 3 - year AA - changed by 22BP, 13BP, 8BP, and - 25BP respectively. The credit spreads of 3 - year AAA, 3 - year AA +, 3 - year AA, and 3 - year AA - narrowed by 11BP, 21BP, 26BP, and 59BP respectively. Overall, the yields of medium - short - term and long - term interest - rate bonds and most credit bonds increased, and the credit spreads of various varieties narrowed, with lower - grade and shorter - term credit spreads narrowing more. The 10 - 1 curve flattened [10]. Treasury Bond Yields Presented an "N"-shaped Trend - **January - mid - March**: At the beginning of the year, the central bank suspended Treasury bond trading and reduced open - market investment to stabilize the exchange rate. The tightened capital led to an upward trend in bond market yields. After the Two Sessions, the market adjusted its expectations, and the 10 - year Treasury bond yield reached a high of 1.90% [11][12]. - **Late March - April**: The capital became looser, and the Sino - US tariff "tug - of - war" began. The 10 - year Treasury bond yield dropped to the 1.63% - 1.67% range [16]. - **May - early July**: In early May, the central bank's RRR cut and interest rate cut, along with positive results from tariff negotiations, led to a slight increase in long - end interest - rate bond yields. In June, the central bank's reverse - repurchase operations improved the capital situation, and bond yields fluctuated downward [16]. - **Mid - July - September**: The "anti - involution" policy raised inflation expectations, the equity market strengthened, and the bond market was suppressed. Bond yields rose, but short - end yields were stable, resulting in a "bear steep" pattern [16]. Credit Spreads - Credit Spreads of All Grades First Narrowed and Then Widened - **January - mid - March**: At the beginning of January, interest - rate bonds quickly adjusted upward, and credit spreads were passively narrowed. Before the Two Sessions, the market expected an RRR cut and interest rate cut, and credit spreads widened briefly. After the Two Sessions, credit spreads narrowed rapidly again [17]. - **Late March - April**: The bond market recovered quickly, and credit spreads widened slightly [17]. - **May**: Credit spreads narrowed to the lowest point of the year due to the implementation of monetary policy tools and looser capital [17]. - **June - early July**: Short - end Treasury bond yields declined, and credit spreads first widened slightly and then narrowed [17]. - **Mid - July - September**: The bond market adjusted, and credit spreads widened slightly [17]. The Risk of Downgraded Implied Rating in the ChinaBond Market Increased - In the first three quarters of 2025, the amount of credit bonds with a downgraded implied rating in the ChinaBond market was 764.1 billion, a significant year - on - year increase. The amount of upgraded credit bonds was 358 billion, significantly lower than the same period last year. The proportion of urban investment bonds in the upgraded and downgraded samples decreased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter [21]. Default: Default Risk Decreased, and the Default Rate of Real - Estate Bonds Declined - In the first three quarters of 2025, there were 3 new first - time default issuers. According to the broad default definition, the default amount was 6 billion, and the default rate was 0.01%, with the annualized default rate decreasing significantly compared to previous years. Default entities were mainly concentrated in real - estate bonds, mostly private enterprises. The real - estate bond default rate was 0.2%, and the default scale and annualized default rate decreased both year - on - year and quarter - on - quarter. The private enterprise default rate was 0.5%, and the annualized default rate continued to decline quarter - on - quarter [24][31]. Recovery Rate Remained Low - In the first three quarters of 2025, defaulted bonds recovered 20.76 billion in principal. From 2014 to the present, defaulted bonds have repaid 124.7 billion in principal, and the repayment rate of overdue principal was 11.9% [34].

- The report introduces a quantitative model named "250-day new high distance" to track market trends and identify hot sectors. The model is based on momentum and trend-following strategies, which have been proven effective in previous studies. The calculation formula is: $ 250\text{-day new high distance} = 1 - \frac{\text{Closet}}{\text{ts\_max(Close, 250)}} $ where Closet represents the latest closing price, and ts_max(Close, 250) is the maximum closing price over the past 250 trading days. If the latest closing price hits a new high, the distance equals 0; otherwise, it is a positive value indicating the degree of pullback[11][19][23] - The model evaluates the relative proximity of major indices to their 250-day highs. As of September 26, 2025, the distances for indices such as the Shanghai Composite Index, Shenzhen Component Index, CSI 300, CSI 500, CSI 1000, CSI 2000, ChiNext Index, and STAR 50 Index are 1.43%, 1.76%, 0.95%, 1.37%, 2.08%, 3.67%, 2.60%, and 1.60%, respectively[12][13][32] - The report also tracks the proximity of industry indices to their 250-day highs. Industries such as power equipment & new energy, non-ferrous metals, electronics, media, and machinery are closer to their 250-day highs, with distances of 1.69%, 0.82%, 2.65%, 2.74%, and 2.09%, respectively[13][15][32] - A separate analysis focuses on concept indices, including power generation equipment, gold, wind power, solar power, and energy storage, which are relatively close to their 250-day highs[15][17][32] - The report identifies 1233 stocks that reached 250-day highs in the past 20 trading days. The sectors with the highest number of such stocks are electronics (182 stocks), machinery (178 stocks), and basic chemicals (137 stocks). The sectors with the highest proportion of stocks reaching new highs are non-ferrous metals (54.84%), electronics (37.45%), and power equipment & new energy (31.09%)[19][20][33] - The report introduces a screening method for "stable new high stocks" based on factors such as analyst attention, relative stock strength, price path smoothness, and trend sustainability. Stocks are selected based on metrics like the absolute value of 120-day price changes, cumulative absolute daily price changes over 120 days, and the average 250-day new high distance over the past 120 days[23][26][33] - Using the above screening criteria, 50 stable new high stocks were identified, including companies like New Yisheng, Giant Network, and Lead Intelligent. The technology sector contributed 20 stocks, with electronics being the most represented industry. The manufacturing sector contributed 13 stocks, with machinery being the most represented industry[27][33][31]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Outperform the Market" (maintained) [2][4][11] Core Views - The company has launched several new products based on laser core technology, including AR display engines for AR glasses and underwater blue laser radars, which open up new market opportunities [3][4] - The company's products are characterized by high performance and low cost, with differentiated technology that creates high barriers in the AR glasses and underwater navigation markets [3][4] - The company is expected to experience new growth points by leveraging its technological accumulation in the AR glasses and underwater laser radar sectors, despite some short-term profit impacts from arbitration matters and inventory impairment losses [4][11] Summary by Relevant Sections Product Launches - The company introduced laser + LCOS AR display engines for AR glasses and two underwater laser radar products at the Shenzhen Light Expo [3] - The AR display engines include the Dragan G1 (dual-eye) and Rainbow C1 (single-eye), while the underwater products are the consumer-grade D10 and professional-grade T1 [3] Market Positioning - The LCOS + laser AR display engine offers advantages over the current Micro LED technology, including lower power consumption and higher resolution [5] - The underwater laser radar addresses the precision navigation challenges faced by underwater devices, such as pool robots, with a detection range exceeding 10 meters [9] Financial Projections - The company adjusted its profit forecast for 2025-2027, expecting net profits of 0.2 billion, 2.5 billion, and 3.6 billion respectively, with year-on-year changes of -31%, +1192%, and +47% [4][21] - The corresponding price-to-earnings ratios are projected to be 501, 39, and 26 times for the respective years [4][21] Business Segments - The B-end business is expected to grow steadily, with revenue projections of 18.7 billion, 22.3 billion, and 26.6 billion for 2025-2027, reflecting growth rates of 6.6%, 19.4%, and 19.6% [15] - The C-end business is projected to decline initially but stabilize, with revenues expected to be 3.7 billion, 3.4 billion, and 3.4 billion for the same period [16] Overall Financial Performance - The company's total revenue is forecasted to reach 24.2 billion in 2025, with a slight increase to 27.5 billion in 2026 and 31.9 billion in 2027, reflecting a compound annual growth rate [18][22] - The overall gross margin is expected to improve from 30.2% in 2025 to 33.4% by 2027 [18][22]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Outperform the Market" (maintained) [2][4][11] Core Views - The company has launched several new products based on laser core technology, including AR display engines for AR glasses and underwater blue laser radar, which opens new market opportunities [3][4] - The company's products are characterized by high performance and low cost, with differentiated technology that creates high barriers in the AR glasses and underwater navigation markets [3][4] - The company is expected to experience new growth points by leveraging its technological accumulation in the AR glasses and underwater laser radar sectors [4][11] Summary by Relevant Sections Product Launches - The company introduced laser + LCOS AR display engines for AR glasses, including the Dragan G1 and Rainbow C1, and two underwater laser radar products: the consumer-grade D10 and professional-grade T1 [3][4] - The LCOS + laser AR display engine has significantly lower power consumption compared to the mainstream Micro LED route, with a full-color power consumption only 1/4 of Micro LED, and has already been validated by leading manufacturers like Meta [5][6] - The underwater laser radar products address the precision navigation challenges faced by underwater devices, such as pool robots, at a lower cost [3][9] Financial Projections - The company expects net profits for 2025-2027 to be 0.2 billion, 2.5 billion, and 3.6 billion respectively, with year-on-year changes of -31%, +1192%, and +47% [4][21] - The corresponding price-to-earnings (PE) ratios are projected to be 501, 39, and 26 times for the same periods [4][21] - The company anticipates B-end business revenue growth of 6.6%, 19.4%, and 19.6% from 2025 to 2027, driven by new product launches [15][18] Market Position and Strategy - The company is positioned as a global leader in laser display technology and aims to penetrate new markets such as AR glasses and underwater laser radar, which are expected to contribute significantly to revenue growth [4][11] - The company has already received a purchase order for 10,000 units of its AR glasses solution on the day of the technology announcement, indicating strong market interest [6][11]

Group 1: Macro and Strategy - The current stock market rise is not driven by macro liquidity excess but rather by internal fund rotation and leverage [7] - Market pricing is influenced by risk appetite recovery, with potential stabilization in prices due to external demand support and gradual implementation of "anti-involution" policies [7] - The marginal stabilization of prices may lead to a moderate rise in equity assets, with potential sector rotation and interest rate cut expectations becoming significant for the bond market [7] Group 2: Industry and Company Analysis - The data center and AI server liquid cooling industry is rapidly evolving to address high energy consumption and heat generation, with liquid cooling technology expected to significantly reduce PUE levels [18][19] - The liquid cooling market is projected to see substantial demand, with an estimated 89,000 tons of cooling liquid needed by 2028 due to the growth of AI data centers [19] - The pharmaceutical sector is witnessing a focus on innovative drug companies with differentiated capabilities, as exemplified by the recent IPO of Jinfang Pharmaceutical on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange [20][21] - Huicheng Vacuum reported a 9.71% decline in revenue and a 27.82% drop in net profit for the first half of 2025, attributed to weak downstream demand and revenue structure adjustments [23] - OptoTech achieved a 30.68% increase in revenue and a 28.80% rise in net profit in the first half of 2025, driven by the recovery in the lithium battery sector and industrial AI technology applications [26] - Miniso is experiencing a turning point in its main business operations, with strategies focused on large store models and proprietary IP driving quality growth [28]

Investment Rating - The report maintains an "Outperform" rating for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector [5][36]. Core Viewpoints - The pharmaceutical sector has shown weaker performance compared to the overall market, with a decline of 2.07% in the biotechnology sector [1][27]. - The report emphasizes the importance of focusing on innovative drug companies with differentiated capabilities and global commercialization potential [3][36]. - The report highlights the potential for valuation recovery in the medical device sector due to policy optimization and performance recovery [3]. Summary by Sections Market Performance - The overall A-share market declined by 0.65%, while the biotechnology sector fell by 2.07% [1][27]. - Specific declines were noted in chemical pharmaceuticals (down 2.43%), biological products (down 3.47%), and medical devices (down 2.04%) [1][27]. Company Focus: Jinfang Pharmaceutical - Jinfang Pharmaceutical, listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, focuses on RAS-targeted molecular research and has successfully launched its first innovative drug [2][10]. - The core product GFH925 is a selective inhibitor for KRAS G12C mutations, approved for use in NSCLC and expected to enter the market in August 2024 [2][20]. - The company has a robust pipeline, including GFH312 for PAD and PBC indications, and GFH375 for KRAS G12D mutations, with ongoing clinical trials [2][22]. Investment Strategy - The report suggests investing in innovative drug companies with strong growth in new orders and backlogs, as well as leading CDMO companies [3][36]. - Recommended companies include Mindray Medical, WuXi AppTec, and Aier Eye Hospital, all rated as "Outperform" [4][36]. Valuation Metrics - The TTM P/E ratio for the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector is 39.77x, significantly higher than the overall A-share market P/E of 20.32x [32][36]. - Specific sector P/E ratios include chemical pharmaceuticals at 49.53x and biological products at 48.34x [32]. Recommended Stocks - Mindray Medical is highlighted for its strong R&D and sales capabilities, benefiting from domestic medical infrastructure and international expansion [36]. - WuXi AppTec is noted for its comprehensive new drug development service platform, poised to benefit from the global outsourcing market [36]. - Aier Eye Hospital is recognized for its leading position in the private eye care sector and ongoing expansion efforts [36].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - RWA bonds, as a key product integrating "real - asset credit anchoring" and "blockchain technology enabling", are reshaping the operation logic of the traditional debt - financing market. The report comprehensively analyzes RWA bonds from multiple aspects such as core definition, operation mechanism, comparison with traditional bonds and ABS, global policy environment and regulatory framework, typical cases, and investor participation paths [12]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 RWA Bond Core Definition - **Concept Definition**: RWA bonds are standardized debt - financing tools that tokenize the creditor's rights of real - world assets with stable cash flows through blockchain technology. They have "dual - anchoring" features, anchoring both the cash flows of underlying assets and the income - distribution rules of smart contracts, and are classified as "security tokens" subject to securities regulations [13][14]. - **Underlying Asset Types and Characteristics**: There are three types of underlying assets. Financial assets, including accounts receivable, corporate loans, and national debts, are the mainstream with stable cash flows and low verification difficulty. Physical assets, such as real estate, infrastructure, and charging piles, have anti - inflation properties but long valuation periods and poor liquidity. Equity assets, like carbon - emission rights and intellectual property rights, are scarce and suitable for long - term allocation [15][16]. 3.2 RWA Bond Operation Mechanism - **Asset Confirmation and Pooling**: For non - standardized assets, asset confirmation uses the multi - node consensus of the alliance chain to generate "on - chain ownership certificates", and then packs the assets into an asset pool. For standardized financial assets, the issuer purchases the underlying assets through a licensed custodian, and the custodian issues a legal holding certificate, which is then uploaded to the chain [19][21]. - **Chain Mapping and Token Generation**: Non - standardized assets need to disassemble the asset - pool rights and interests into "on - chain quantifiable units" and associate them with on - chain ownership certificates, and then issue standardized security tokens. Standardized financial assets can be directly mapped by unit, and the token generation often uses a highly compatible general standard [22][25]. - **Trading, Circulation, and Settlement**: Non - standardized assets can be traded on compliant centralized exchanges or decentralized exchanges (DEX) with a KYC check. The settlement cycle is instant, and the T + 0 arrival is achieved. Standardized financial assets are traded on Layer2 DEX and licensed centralized exchanges, and the smart contract realizes instant "token - funds" transfer [26][30]. - **Income Distribution and Asset Monitoring**: For non - standardized assets, the income is distributed through IoT devices to collect data and smart contracts to execute the distribution rules. Asset monitoring uses IoT devices to collect data and establish an early - warning mechanism. Standardized financial assets have a simpler income - distribution process, and the asset monitoring focuses on price and ownership risks [31][34]. 3.3 Comparison with Traditional Bonds and ABS - **Compared with ABS**: RWA bonds are more efficient and intelligent. They change from an "off - line manual - driven" model to an "on - chain algorithm - driven" model, with a more transparent process, lower participation thresholds, and better risk control [37][38]. - **Multi - Dimensional Comparison**: In terms of technical foundation, asset scope, liquidity, regulatory framework, investor threshold, information transparency, and issuance cost, RWA bonds, traditional bonds, and ABS have significant differences. RWA bonds have a wider asset scope, higher liquidity, and lower investor thresholds [44][45]. 3.4 Global RWA Bond Policy Environment and Regulatory Framework - **United States**: It is the largest RWA bond market globally. After experiencing the technology - exploration period, institutional - trial period, and explosive - growth period, it has achieved significant market - scale growth. The passage of the CLARITY Act has established a dynamic regulatory framework, and technological infrastructure improvements and institutional capital inflows have also promoted market development [48][50]. - **Europe**: It has developed from infrastructure pilots to a unified framework under MiCA. After the phased and full implementation of MiCA, it has eliminated the regulatory differences among countries, and technological improvements have also met institutional requirements [51][54]. - **China**: It features a dual - track pattern of cautious piloting in the Chinese mainland (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) and international linkage in Hong Kong. Through rule recognition, asset interconnection, and technological interconnection, a cross - border compliance closed - loop has been formed [55][58]. 3.5 RWA Typical Cases - **Shenzhen Futian RWA Digital Bond**: Issued in 2025 with a scale of 500 million yuan and a coupon rate of 2.62%, it is the world's first public - offering RWA bond, listed on both the Macau Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, with the underlying assets being the income rights of charging piles and office buildings [60]. - **Langxin Group Charging Pile RWA**: Issued in 2024 with a scale of 100 million yuan, it is the first new - energy RWA in China, anchoring the income rights of 9000 charging piles [63]. - **GCL - New Energy Photovoltaic Power Station RWA**: Issued in 2024 with a scale of 200 million yuan, it anchors the income rights of an 82MW photovoltaic power station and bundles carbon - reduction benefits [64]. 3.6 RWA Bond Investor Participation Paths and Thresholds - **Primary Market Subscription**: Chinese mainland (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) institutional investors can subscribe through direct connection with overseas licensed underwriting institutions or indirect participation through domestic QDII products [68]. - **Secondary Market Trading**: They can trade through the Hong Kong MOX, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Cross - border Connect, or licensed digital exchanges, with different trading objects and risk levels for each channel [69][70].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Outperform the Market" (maintained) [1][6][23] Core Views - The company is showing signs of a turning point in its main business operations, with mid-year performance beginning to validate this trend. The ongoing implementation of the large store model and proprietary IP strategy is expected to drive continuous improvement in both domestic and international performance [2][3][23] - The domestic large store strategy is optimizing store structure and improving operational efficiency, leading to gradual improvements in same-store sales. The IP strategy is enhancing global competitiveness and significantly driving overseas business and the TOP TOY brand development [2][3][23] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - In Q2, the company achieved revenue of 4.966 billion, a year-on-year increase of 23.1%, exceeding the previous guidance of 18%-21%. Operating profit reached 836 million, up 11.3% year-on-year, while adjusted net profit was 692 million, reflecting a 10.6% increase year-on-year [3][23] - The management has raised the full-year guidance, expecting Q3 overall revenue growth of 25-28%, with domestic MINISO brand revenue growth in the mid to high double digits and overseas revenue accelerating to 30%-35% [3][23] Domestic Business - The domestic revenue for the MINISO brand in Q2 was 2.62 billion, a year-on-year increase of 13.6%. Same-store sales have turned positive, with a net increase of 30 stores in Q2, reversing the previous trend of store closures [9][10] - Same-store growth is driven by improved customer spending and enhanced store conversion rates, despite a slight decline in foot traffic [9][10] Overseas Business - Overseas revenue for the MINISO brand reached 1.94 billion, a year-on-year increase of 28.6%. The company plans to add over 500 new stores globally this year, with significant growth in the North American market [13][14] - The North American strategy focuses on large stores and cluster openings, enhancing brand presence and operational efficiency [14][16] TOP TOY Brand - TOP TOY achieved revenue of 400 million in Q2, a year-on-year increase of 87%. The brand is focusing on enhancing its own brand and IP sales contributions, with plans for global expansion [17][19] Strategic Initiatives - The company is advancing its large store strategy both domestically and internationally, with significant investments in MINISO LAND and flagship stores, which have shown higher sales efficiency compared to smaller stores [18][19] - The proprietary IP strategy has evolved into a dual-driven model, focusing on both artist IP and top international licensed IP, with plans to launch self-owned IP products in overseas markets [19][23]

Report Industry Investment Rating The provided content does not mention the report industry investment rating. Core View As blockchain technology integrates deeply with the traditional financial system, tokenization of Real-World Assets (RWA) has become a key path to connect "on-chain value" and "offline entities." RWA bonds, with "real - asset credit anchoring" and "blockchain technology empowerment," are reshaping the operation logic of the traditional debt - financing market. The report comprehensively analyzes RWA bonds, including their definition, operation mechanism, comparison with traditional bonds and ABS, global policy and regulatory frameworks, typical cases, and investor participation paths [12]. Summary by Related Catalogs RWA Bond Core Definition - Concept: RWA bonds tokenize the creditor's rights of real - world assets with stable cash flows into standardized debt - financing tools using blockchain technology. They have "dual - anchoring" features, anchoring both the underlying asset's cash flow and the smart - contract - defined distribution rules, and are classified as "security tokens" subject to securities regulations [13][14]. - Underlying Asset Types: They include financial assets (e.g., accounts receivable, corporate loans, and national debts), physical assets (e.g., real estate, infrastructure, charging piles, and photovoltaic power stations), and equity assets (e.g., carbon emission rights, intellectual property rights, and art revenue rights) [15][16]. RWA Bond Operation Mechanism - Asset Confirmation and Pooling: Non - standardized assets use a consortium chain for multi - node verification to generate "on - chain ownership certificates" and then package them into an asset pool. Standardized financial assets are confirmed through a licensed custodian and directly mapped on - chain [19][21]. - Chain Mapping and Token Generation: Non - standardized assets need to disassemble and map rights and interests, and then issue tokens according to a special standard. Standardized financial assets are directly mapped and use a general - purpose token standard [22][25]. - Trading, Circulation, and Settlement: Non - standardized assets can be traded on compliant centralized or decentralized exchanges, and the settlement is completed through smart contracts. Standardized financial assets are traded on high - frequency platforms, and the settlement is also fast, with a T + 0 arrival [26][30]. - Income Distribution and Asset Monitoring: For non - standardized assets, IoT and oracles are used to collect data and distribute income automatically. For standardized financial assets, the income distribution is more simplified, and the asset monitoring focuses on price and ownership risks [31][34]. Comparison with Traditional Bonds and ABS - Compared with ABS: RWA bonds are more efficient and intelligent, with an automated operation mode, 7×24 - hour second - level settlement, full - chain real - time transparency, and a lower investment threshold [2][38]. - Asset Feature Comparison: RWA bonds have a wider range of underlying assets, a more advanced technological foundation, and higher information transparency than traditional bonds and ABS. However, traditional bonds have a more mature regulatory system, and ABS has a more established approval process [44][45]. Global RWA Bond Policy and Regulatory Framework - US: It has evolved from technology exploration to institutional dominance. The CLARITY Act provides a dynamic regulatory framework, and technological upgrades and institutional capital inflows have driven market growth [48][50]. - Europe: It has moved from infrastructure pilots to a unified MiCA framework. MiCA clarifies the legal attributes of RWA tokens and provides a unified license, while technological improvements meet institutional requirements [51][54]. - China: It features a dual - track approach of cautious pilot projects in regions excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and international linkage in Hong Kong. Through rule recognition, asset interconnection, and technological interconnection, a unique RWA ecosystem is being built [55][59]. RWA Typical Cases - Shenzhen Futian RWA Digital Bond: Issued in 2025 with a scale of 500 million yuan and a coupon rate of 2.62%, it is the world's first public - offering RWA bond, listed on both the Macau Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, with underlying assets of charging piles and office building revenue rights [3][60]. - Langxin Group Charging Pile RWA: In 2024, it was a Hong Kong sandbox project with a scale of 100 million yuan, anchoring the revenue rights of over 9000 charging piles, and was the first domestic new - energy RWA [3][63]. - GCL New Energy Photovoltaic Power Station RWA: In 2024, it issued 200 million digital tokens corresponding to the revenue rights of an 82MW photovoltaic power station, bundling carbon - reduction benefits, and using a "two - chain and one - bridge" architecture [3][64]. RWA Bond Investor Participation Path and Threshold - Primary Market Subscription: Institutions in regions excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan can directly connect with overseas licensed underwriters or indirectly subscribe through domestic QDII products [68]. - Secondary Market Trading: They can trade through the Hong Kong MOX, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Cross - border Connect, or licensed digital exchanges, with different risk - level bond trading requirements [69][70].