Core Insights - The report focuses on a trading timing strategy based on win rate, optimizing a multi-signal trading strategy structured around "trend identification, rhythm control, and signal integration" for interest rate futures T and TL [1][11][46] Group 1: Trading Timing Strategies - The report distinguishes between fundamental timing and trading timing, with fundamental timing focusing on macroeconomic factors and trading timing emphasizing market behavior and technical indicators [1][12] - A multi-signal strategy is proposed to enhance robustness, combining various sub-strategies to maintain signal stability and reduce trading frequency [3][45] Group 2: Sub-Strategies Overview - The report introduces several sub-strategies including low-latency trend identification, moment-based timing, single/double moving averages, channel filtering, and nine-turn sequence recognition [29][39][42] - Each sub-strategy is designed to address specific issues such as lagging signals and high-frequency noise, aiming for clearer structures and better adaptability in the interest rate futures market [28][30][38] Group 3: Performance Metrics - Backtesting results show that the multi-signal strategy for T yielded an annualized return of 8.63% with a Sharpe ratio of 3.04 and a win rate of 70.37%, while TL achieved an annualized return of 23.22% with a Sharpe ratio of 3.78 and a win rate of 80.77% [3][46][48] - The multi-signal strategy effectively mitigated significant drawdowns in February and July 2025, demonstrating strong defensive capabilities during volatile market conditions [47][48]

Report Summary 1. Industry Investment Rating No industry investment rating is provided in the report. 2. Core View Standing at the end of July and looking forward to August, investors' sentiment for going long in the bond market has declined. The consensus has shifted from going long on long - term and ultra - long - term bonds to medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds. The money market and the equity market have become the core concerns of investors, and their preference for medium - and low - grade urban investment bonds and local government bonds has weakened marginally [1]. 3. Summary by Questionnaire Items Q2: 10 - year Treasury Yield Upper and Lower Limits in August - Regarding the lower limit, 45% of investors think it will likely fall within 1.60% - 1.65% (inclusive), 18% believe it will break below 1.60% (mostly in the 1.55% - 1.60% range), and about 37% think it will exceed 1.65%. - Regarding the upper limit, 51% of investors think it will likely fall within 1.75% - 1.80% (inclusive), about 14% think it will exceed 1.80%, and only 4% think it will be below 1.70%. - Conclusion: Investors' expectation of a rise in the 10 - year Treasury yield is increasing, but they are still cautious about it breaking key points. The bond market may face some emotional shocks in August, but the macro - fundamentals are in a weak recovery, the money market is stable, and the expectation of loose monetary policy remains unchanged [10]. Q3: 30 - year Treasury Yield Upper and Lower Limits in August - Regarding the lower limit, over 73% of investors think it will fall within 1.80% - 1.90% (inclusive), 18% think it will break above 1.90%, and only 8% think it will be below 1.80%. - Regarding the upper limit, about 56% of investors think it will fall within 1.95% - 2.00% (inclusive), 24% think it will be in the 2.00% - 2.05% range, and about 9% think it will break above 2.05%. - Conclusion: Since July, the 30 - year Treasury yield has been rising, reaching a maximum of 1.998%. Investors' expectation of a further increase in the 30 - year Treasury yield is not high [14]. Q4: Economic Trend in the Third Quarter - 31% of investors are relatively optimistic about the economic trend in the third quarter, believing it will show "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month growth exceeding the seasonal level". - 24% think it will be "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month growth in line with the seasonal level". - 34% think it will be "year - on - year recovery and month - on - month growth weaker than the seasonal level". - 31% are relatively pessimistic, believing it will be "both year - on - year and month - on - month decline". - Conclusion: External factors may have some impact on the macro - economy in the third quarter, but the overall expectation of investors has not changed much, with the proportion of pessimistic expectations rising from 30% to 31% [15]. Q5: Next Reserve Requirement Ratio Cut and Interest Rate Cut Timing - Regarding reserve requirement ratio cuts, 43% of investors think there will be no more cuts this year, 47% think the next cut may be in the third quarter, and 9% think it will be postponed to the fourth quarter. - Regarding interest rate cuts, 41% of investors think there will be no cuts this year, 41% think the next cut may be in the fourth quarter, and 19% think it will be in August or the third quarter. - Conclusion: In July, investors' expectations for reserve requirement ratio and interest rate cuts have gradually weakened. Most investors tend to postpone potential cuts to a more distant policy window rather than August [17]. Q6: Impact of the Recent "Anti - Involution" Policy on the Bond Market - 71% of investors think the "anti - involution" policy will be negative for the bond market. - 43% think it will strengthen the stock - bond seesaw effect and suppress the bond market through capital diversion. - 28% think it will push up industrial product prices, intensify inflation expectations, and be negative for the bond market. - 17% think the policy's effect is limited, and the bond market is still dominated by fundamentals. - Conclusion: The "anti - involution" policy has some impact on the macro - economy and the bond market, but no obvious trend is seen. Most investors think it will be negative for the bond market, but some think the impact is short - term [18]. Q7: Bond Market Trend in August - 28% of investors think the bond market will strengthen in August, with 13% expecting a bullish steepening of the yield curve and 15% expecting a bullish flattening. - 31% of investors think the bond market will be weak. - 26% of investors think the bond market will show a divergence between the short - end and the long - end, with the short - end strong and the long - end weak. - 2% of investors think the short - end will be weak and the long - end will be strong. - Conclusion: Investors' consensus has shifted to going long on short - term bonds. The proportion of those thinking the bond market will strengthen is significantly lower than in June. Investors' judgments on the bond market are relatively evenly distributed [22]. Q8: Current Bond Market Operation - 33% of investors think they should hold cash and wait to add positions after the market corrects to the expected level. - 20% of investors think they can start adding positions now. - 19% of investors think they should reduce the duration to control risks. - 14% of investors think they should take appropriate profits and reduce positions. - 14% of investors think they should keep the positions basically stable. - Conclusion: Most investors are neutral in practice. Holding cash and waiting is the mainstream view. The proportion of those thinking they can start adding positions has increased, indicating potential buying power in the bond market [23]. Q9: Most Favored Bond Types in August - Compared with June, investors' preference for ultra - long - term and long - term interest - rate bonds has decreased, while their preference for medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds has increased significantly. - The popularity of local government bonds and medium - and low - grade urban investment bonds has decreased. - Conclusion: Investors' consensus has shifted from long - term and ultra - long - term interest - rate bonds to medium - and short - term interest - rate bonds, and their preference for negotiable certificates of deposit has also increased [29]. Q10: Main Logic of Bond Market Pricing in August - Monetary policy, the money market, and the performance of the equity market have become the core concerns of bond investors. - Investors' attention to fiscal policy and government bond issuance remains the same, while their attention to fundamentals and institutional behavior games has decreased. - Conclusion: The central bank's monetary policy stance and the money market trend are still the factors that investors focus on. This month, investors' attention to the equity market has increased significantly, while their attention to institutional behavior games and fiscal policy has decreased [30].

证券研究报告 | 债券市场专题研究 | 债券研究 债券市场专题研究 报告日期：2025 年 07 月 31 日 第一，风险偏好压制逻辑，高风偏资产分流债市资金；第二，通胀/滞涨预期逻辑， 部分债市机构投资者对于价格紧缩的信心出现实质性动摇；第三，情绪及脆弱性 扰动逻辑，当出现反内卷、权益上涨等行情驱动时，止盈或止损诉求均较强，调 整开始的初期担心及抢跑均较为严重。 ❑ 长期层面，债市反而可能演绎反转利多逻辑 第一，市场对于反内卷概念的预期可能自行纠偏；第二，需求政策配套预期可能 弱化，反内卷定价上可能走出"先定价通胀→后定价需求走弱"的利率反转下行 节奏；第三，中美谈判持续进行中，内需政策层面或还需走一步看一步。 ❑ 资产荒驱动配置盘买债的底层逻辑没有明显变化 在基于中期利率下行的判断下，波动依然对应做多机会，负债端较稳定的机构或 许合理把握本轮调整给予的空间。在本轮市场调整中，除了基金恐慌性抛售外， 其他配置型机构均明显增加了净买入力度，农商行承接利率债的意愿在市场调整 初期已有较为充分展现，普信债和二级债配置盘需求较弱但也有所展现，资产荒 驱动配置盘买债的底层逻辑没有明显变化。 ❑ 风险提示 如何看待债市 ...

Group 1: Federal Reserve Policy - The Federal Reserve maintained its current policy stance, indicating a "wait-and-see" approach, with future decisions largely dependent on tariff impacts on inflation and employment risks[1] - The target federal funds rate remains unchanged at 4.25%-4.50%, reflecting a more cautious economic outlook compared to June[2] - Two voting members opposed the decision, advocating for a 25 basis point rate cut, marking the first such dissent since 1993, which increases the likelihood of a rate cut in September[2] Group 2: Economic Indicators - The labor market is considered to be in a state of "full employment," but there are potential downward risks ahead[3] - The Fed views the impact of tariffs on inflation as a "one-time shock," with no unexpected easing signals provided during the meeting, leading to a slightly hawkish market interpretation[3] - The Fed's balance sheet reduction remains at $50 billion for Treasury securities and $35 billion for MBS, with no changes announced this month[2] Group 3: Political Dynamics - The potential for President Trump to dismiss Fed Chair Powell is viewed as a short-term disturbance with limited medium-term policy impact[4] - Market mechanisms are expected to constrain Trump's ability to influence Fed policy, as seen in past instances of proposed dismissals[4] - Even if Powell were to be replaced, the new chair may not align with Trump's monetary easing expectations, which could limit future rate cuts due to inflationary pressures[4] Group 4: Market Outlook - The report suggests a potential return of the "American exceptionalism" narrative, with the dollar index expected to rebound as trade policy uncertainties diminish[5] - U.S. Treasury yields are projected to fluctuate between 4%-5% in 2025, with significant market movements potentially prompting Fed intervention[5] - Continued central bank gold purchases amid global geopolitical instability are expected to support long-term gold prices[5]

Market Overview - On July 30, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.17%, while the CSI 300 fell by 0.02%, the STAR Market 50 dropped by 1.11%, the CSI 1000 decreased by 0.82%, and the ChiNext Index declined by 1.62%. The Hang Seng Index also fell by 1.36% [5] - The best-performing industries on July 30 were steel (+2.05%), oil and petrochemicals (+1.84%), media (+0.99%), food and beverage (+0.86%), and social services (+0.65%). The worst-performing industries included electric equipment (-2.22%), computers (-1.59%), automobiles (-1.27%), defense and military (-1.06%), and communications (-0.95%) [5] - The total trading volume for the entire A-share market on July 30 was 1,870.976 billion yuan, with a net inflow of 11.714 billion Hong Kong dollars from southbound funds [5] Important Recommendations - The report highlights Jinghua New Materials (603683) as a leading enterprise in adhesive new materials, with growth potential in electronic skin technology [6] - The recommendation logic is based on the expectation that the industrialization of electronic skin sensors will exceed expectations, driven by the domestic substitution of optical adhesive materials and the successful implementation of electronic skin technology [6] - Revenue projections for Jinghua New Materials from 2025 to 2027 are estimated at 2,233.66 million yuan, 2,636.90 million yuan, and 3,162.50 million yuan, with growth rates of 18.50%, 18.05%, and 19.93% respectively. Net profit is projected to be 82.30 million yuan, 120.78 million yuan, and 159.19 million yuan, with growth rates of 22.78%, 46.75%, and 31.80% respectively [6] Important Insights - The current redemption pressure in the bond market is primarily concentrated on the fund side, which has now entered the later adjustment phase. Investors are advised to wait for right-side signals [7] - Key indicators suggest that the current bond market redemption wave is in the later adjustment phase, with the 10Y government bond yield rising by 8 basis points, nearing the upper limit of adjustments seen in previous redemption waves [8] - Fund net selling has significantly decreased from a peak of 137.2 billion yuan to 17.1 billion yuan, indicating a notable alleviation of selling pressure [8]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The rhythm of macro - policies may change in the second half of the year. The downward trend of treasury bond yields remains the general direction. The equity market is expected to have a long - bull market. The core of bond market trading lies in controlling the rhythm of band trading, and it is maintained that the third quarter is the window for going long in the bond market in the second half of the year [1][7]. Summary According to the Table of Contents 730 Politburo Meeting Six Key Points of Concern 1. **Affirming the achievements of economic development in the first half of the year and a potentially stable and improving external environment** - In the first two quarters of 2025, China's GDP grew by 5.4% and 5.2% year - on - year respectively, with a cumulative growth of 5.3% in the first half of the year. To achieve the 5% growth target, the GDP growth rate in the second half only needs to reach 4.7%, so the economic work pressure is relatively small [14]. - Compared with the April meeting, the external environment uncertainty has significantly decreased. The overall trend of the equal - tariff policy is clear, and Sino - US relations have continued to ease [15]. 2. **Macro - policies should be both continuous, stable and flexible** - Continuity and stability mean maintaining an actively expanding macro - policy to support the overall trend of the marginal improvement of the macro - economy [16]. - Flexibility and predictability aim to guide market expectations, and the possibility of policy discretion in the second half of the year may increase [16]. 3. **From "intensifying implementation" to "timely boosting", the policy rhythm may change** - In terms of rhythm, "timely boosting" reflects the difference in the macro - environment between April and July, and the flexibility of macro - policies will increase. The policy strength depends on the economic operation [18]. - In terms of quality, from "making full use" to "implementing in detail", the policy will shift from "expanding quantity" to "improving quality". Fiscal policy focuses on improving capital use efficiency, and monetary policy aims to promote the decline of social comprehensive financing costs [18][19]. 4. **Defining three major anti - involution tasks** - The tasks are to "govern the disorderly competition of enterprises in accordance with laws and regulations, promote the capacity governance of key industries, and standardize local investment promotion behaviors". The policy determination of anti - involution should not be underestimated [4][20]. 5. **More positive statements about the capital market** - The meeting proposed to "enhance the attractiveness and inclusiveness of the domestic capital market and consolidate the momentum of the capital market's recovery and improvement". The equity market is expected to have a long - bull market [5][21]. 6. **Focusing on urban renewal in the real estate field** - The meeting only mentioned "implementing the spirit of the Central Urban Work Conference and carrying out high - quality urban renewal". The real estate market may still need further policy support [6][22]. Mapping to the Bond Market - In the process of promoting the decline of social comprehensive financing costs, the downward trend of treasury bond yields remains the general direction. With the increase in macro - policy flexibility, bond market fluctuations may expand. The core of bond market trading in the second half of the year lies in controlling the rhythm of band trading, and it is maintained that the third quarter is the window for going long in the bond market in the second half of the year [7][25].

Long-term Planning - The Politburo meeting in July emphasized long-term planning, focusing on the "14th Five-Year Plan" as a core topic for the upcoming Fourth Plenary Session in October[1] - The meeting highlighted the importance of new productive forces in the context of technological competition, particularly in the U.S.-China rivalry[2] Economic Performance - China's GDP grew by 5.3% in the first half of the year, with a nominal GDP target of approximately 140 trillion yuan for the full year[3] - The government anticipates maintaining a steady economic trend in the second half, with a target GDP growth of around 5%[3] Fiscal and Monetary Policy - The meeting called for a more proactive fiscal policy and moderately loose monetary policy, emphasizing the effective implementation of existing policies rather than new stimulus measures[4] - As of June 2025, new local government special bond issuance exceeded 2.2 trillion yuan, marking a significant increase from 1.5 trillion yuan in the same period last year[4] Domestic Consumption - Final consumption expenditure contributed 52% to the economy in the first half of 2025, with service trade retail growing by 5.3% and goods retail by 5.1%[7] - The government aims to enhance service consumption as a key driver for expanding domestic demand, supported by policies aimed at improving living standards[7] Industry Capacity Management - The meeting stressed the need for capacity governance in key industries, particularly in the new energy vehicle and photovoltaic sectors, to eliminate outdated production capacity[8] - Regulatory measures will focus on enhancing industry standards and preventing redundant capacity construction[8] Foreign Trade Support - China's exports to the U.S. saw a decline from a growth rate of 5.6% in March to -9.9% in June, while overall export growth remained at 7.2%[10] - The government is implementing financial policies to support foreign trade enterprises affected by external pressures, focusing on relief rather than filling external demand gaps[10] Capital Market Development - The government aims to enhance the attractiveness and inclusivity of domestic capital markets, with the Shanghai Composite Index rising over 7.8% by the end of July 2025[12] - Future policies will support technology-driven and growth-oriented enterprises, with expectations for increased dividend payouts to attract long-term capital[12]

Investment Rating - The industry rating is "Positive" (maintained) [6] Core Insights - The profitability of China's banking FICC business remains considerable, with a pre-tax total asset return on equity of approximately 3.35% as of 2024A, primarily driven by interest income [1][12] - The FICC business has experienced a decline in yield over the past five years, with interest rates decreasing by about 50 basis points [2] - Future projections indicate a potential decline in asset return on equity to 1.61% in five years, a decrease of 174 basis points compared to 2024 levels [3] Current Profitability of China's Banking FICC Business - The current yield structure shows that interest income contributes 3.10%, capital gains 1.61%, and exchange gains 0.18% to the total asset return [12][13] - The financial market business ROA is 0.98%, significantly higher than the overall banking ROA of 0.75% [1][13] - Notable performers in the FICC business include banks like China Merchants Bank and Changshu Bank, with post-tax net returns exceeding 2.0% [13] Historical Profitability Changes - Over the past five years, the FICC business yield has consistently remained above 3%, with a notable decline in interest income during the interest rate reduction cycle [2][34] Future Profitability Outlook - Projections suggest that the financial market business ROA may drop to 0.44% in five years, reflecting a significant decrease in profitability [3] Characteristics of U.S. Banking FICC Business in Low-Interest Rate Periods - U.S. banks expanded bond holdings during the initial low-interest phase, but FICC income still declined, with a 0.5 percentage point drop in income share from 2008 to 2012 [4] - Strategies employed by JPMorgan included shortening bond durations and increasing allocations to credit and overseas bonds [4] Recommendations for China's Banking FICC Business - Increase the proportion of bond assets in OCI accounts, which currently stands at 28.4%, below the U.S. average of 42.5% during low-interest periods [5] - Focus on enhancing the allocation of credit and overseas bonds, as well as improving risk hedging practices to mitigate potential losses from rapid interest rate increases [5] Investment Suggestions - The report suggests adopting a bullish mindset towards bank stocks, emphasizing the importance of stock selection within the context of a long-term bullish trend driven by low interest rates and the revaluation of RMB assets [7]

Market Overview - On July 29, the Shanghai Composite Index rose by 0.33%, the CSI 300 increased by 0.39%, the STAR 50 climbed by 1.45%, the CSI 1000 went up by 0.65%, and the ChiNext Index surged by 1.86%. In contrast, the Hang Seng Index fell by 0.15% [4]. - The best-performing sectors on July 29 were telecommunications (+3.29%), steel (+2.59%), pharmaceuticals and biology (+2.06%), electronics (+1.42%), and national defense and military industry (+1.19%). The worst-performing sectors included agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery (-1.36%), banking (-1.19%), beauty and personal care (-0.71%), light industry manufacturing (-0.63%), and environmental protection (-0.6%) [4]. - The total trading volume for the entire A-share market on July 29 was 1,829.3 billion yuan, with net inflow from southbound funds amounting to 12.72 billion Hong Kong dollars [4]. Key Recommendations - The report focuses on IFBH (06603), a leading brand in the coconut water industry, which is positioned in a high-growth quality sector. The company is expected to achieve rapid market penetration through a light asset model in the short term, while in the long term, it aims to solidify its market share through excellent product development capabilities, a high-quality product matrix, and an expanding distribution network [5]. - The light asset model is driving rapid market penetration, leading to revenue exceeding expectations. New product launches are contributing to revenue growth, and the standards for the coconut water industry are being further refined [5]. - Revenue projections for 2025-2027 are estimated at 208 million, 270 million, and 336 million USD, with growth rates of 32.3%, 29.4%, and 24.5% respectively. Net profit attributable to the parent company is projected to be 45 million, 59 million, and 77 million USD, with growth rates of 33.8%, 32.0%, and 31.5%. The expected EPS for 2025-2027 is 0.17, 0.22, and 0.29 USD, corresponding to PE ratios of 29, 22, and 17. Given the company is in a favorable period for the coconut water sector, there is still room for growth, and an "Accumulate" rating is given [5]. Catalysts - Key catalysts for the company include the implementation of coconut water standards, expansion of offline channels, and the launch of new products [6].

Investment Rating - The report upgrades the investment rating of OSL Group to "Buy" [6] Core Views - The report highlights that while there may be short-term dilution effects, the long-term growth prospects are accelerating due to strategic acquisitions and compliance advantages [1][2][4] Summary by Sections Event Highlights - The total fundraising amount is HK$23.55 billion, completed through three agreements, including a placement of 101 million shares at HK$14.9 per share, representing a 15.34% discount to the previous closing price [1] - Post-placement, the total share capital increases by 13.9%, with the major shareholder maintaining a 29.95% stake, reinforcing control [1] - Fund allocation includes 50% for strategic acquisitions, 30% for global business initiatives, and 20% for working capital [1] Short-term and Long-term Impacts - Short-term market sentiment is affected by the placement discount, leading to a drop in stock price, but high participation from major shareholders and institutions indicates long-term confidence [2] - Long-term growth is driven by acquisitions targeting Southeast Asia and the establishment of a stablecoin business in line with upcoming regulations [2] Compliance and Global Expansion - OSL Group aims to establish itself as the Asia-Pacific equivalent of Coinbase, leveraging its strong compliance background to facilitate global expansion [3] - The management team, including experienced individuals from the cryptocurrency sector, is expected to enhance the company's ability to acquire quality compliant assets globally [3] Profit Forecast and Investment Recommendations - The report anticipates a 12% short-term EPS reduction due to share dilution, but improved cash flow and reduced debt ratios are expected to optimize financial structure [4] - Revenue projections for 2025-2027 are HK$750 million, HK$1.51 billion, and HK$2.36 billion, with year-on-year growth rates of 100%, 101%, and 56% respectively [4] - A price-to-sales (P/S) valuation method is applied, with a target price of HK$24.11 for 2025, indicating a 33% upside potential [4]