今年财政支持力度大、发债节奏快，支持扩内需、宽信用，对社融形成有力支撑。今年财政预算赤字率提高至4%，计划新增国债、特别国债、地方专项债 等政府债券近12万亿元，规模创历史新高。发行节奏上，年初以来国债、地方专项债发行进度也明显快于往年，用于化债的2万亿元特殊再融资专项债也发 行了约70%。 近期财政部还启动了支持"两新""两重"的1.3万亿元特别国债，预计后续特别国债的发行进度仍会保持较快速度，促进拉动需求，提振社会信心，对社融形 成有力支撑。专家表示，今年以来宏观政策效果较好，财政政策力度加大、节奏前移是重要因素，与货币政策形成更强合力，推动经济实现良好开局。 5月14日，中国人民银行发布4月金融数据。数据显示，截至2025年4月末，广义货币（M2）余额325.17万亿元，同比增长8%，比上月末高1个百分点。社会 融资规模方面，2025年1月至4月，社会融资规模增量累计为16.34万亿元，比上年同期多3.61万亿元。贷款方面，1月至4月人民币各项贷款余额为265.70万亿 元，同比增长7.2%。总体来看，金融总量增长既"稳"又"实"，体现了适度宽松的货币政策取向。 社会融资规模增速有所抬升，政府债券发行加 ...

Core Viewpoint - The financial data for April indicates a significant rebound in M2 growth and an acceleration in the scale of social financing, reflecting a stable and effective monetary policy that supports the real economy [1][12]. Monetary Supply and Financing - As of the end of April, the broad money supply (M2) reached 325.17 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 8%, which is 1.0 percentage points higher than the previous month and 0.8 percentage points higher than the same period last year [1][8]. - The total social financing stock was 424 trillion yuan, showing a year-on-year increase of 8.7%, which is 0.3 percentage points higher than the previous month and 0.4 percentage points higher than the same period last year [1][12]. - In April, the increment of social financing was 1.16 trillion yuan, which is 1.22 trillion yuan more than the same month last year [1]. Government Bond Issuance - The acceleration of government bond issuance has significantly contributed to the increase in social financing. From January to April, net financing from government bonds exceeded 5 trillion yuan, which is approximately 3.6 trillion yuan more than the same period last year [3][4]. - In April, the issuance of special long-term government bonds and refinancing bonds for replacing hidden debts contributed to a net financing of about 970 billion yuan, which is approximately 1.1 trillion yuan more than the same month last year [3]. Credit Growth and Structure - From January to April, the total increase in RMB loans was 10.06 trillion yuan, roughly the same as the previous year [1]. - The balance of inclusive small and micro loans reached 34.31 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 11.9%, while medium and long-term loans for the manufacturing sector reached 14.71 trillion yuan, growing by 8.5% year-on-year [1][6]. Impact of Debt Replacement - The replacement of local government debt through special bonds has influenced the credit growth statistics, but it does not diminish the actual support for the real economy. The adjusted loan growth rate remains above 8% [6][7]. - The issuance of special refinancing bonds for debt replacement has been significant, with over 2 trillion yuan issued in the last quarter of the previous year and nearly 1.6 trillion yuan from January to April this year [7]. Economic Outlook - The financial data from the first four months aligns well with the performance of the real economy, indicating that the effects of moderately loose monetary policy will continue to manifest [2][12]. - The average interest rate for newly issued corporate loans in April was approximately 3.2%, which is about 4 basis points lower than the previous month and 50 basis points lower than the same period last year [13].

Inflation Data - April CPI decreased by 0.1% year-on-year, slightly better than the expected -0.2% and the previous value of -0.1%[11] - April PPI fell by 2.7% year-on-year, also better than the expected -2.8% and the previous value of -2.5%[11] Economic Stability - The year-on-year CPI remained stable compared to March, with a two-year average growth rate slightly improving to 0.1%[12] - The month-on-month CPI increased by 0.1%, recovering from a 0.4% decline in March, outperforming the historical average of -0.1%[12] Core CPI and Demand - Core CPI remained low, indicating weak terminal demand and sluggish consumption, necessitating accelerated domestic demand policies[7] - Food prices showed a seasonal increase, with a 0.2% month-on-month rise, driven by supply factors[12] Policy Response - The Central Political Bureau proposed more proactive macro policies to address domestic demand shortages and external shocks[8] - A package of financial policies was launched in early May, including interest rate cuts and structural tools to stimulate domestic demand[8] Risks and Considerations - Potential risks include unexpected central bank adjustments, inflation exceeding expectations, and escalating trade tensions[17] - Ongoing monitoring of policy implementation, US-China tariff negotiations, and fiscal measures is essential for future economic stability[8]

黑色产业日报 简要观点 ◆ 螺纹钢 周二，螺纹钢期货价格冲高回落，杭州中天螺纹钢 3200 元/吨，较前一 日持平，10 合约基差 121（+3）。宏观政策方面，5 月 7 日，三部门发 布一揽子金融政策稳市场稳预期，货币政策利多落地，不过市场仍在期 待财政政策发力，中美会谈成果超预期，双方大幅互降关税，市场预期 改善；产业方面，上周螺纹钢产量、表需双降，库存小幅累积，供需格局 有转差迹象，当然也有五一假期因素影响，需求是否已经开始季节性回 落还需进一步观察。后市而言：估值方面，螺纹钢期货价格仍低于电炉 谷电成本，静态估值处于偏低水平；驱动方面，政策端，中美贸易环境改 善，短期国内出台大规模财政刺激政策概率较小，产业端，现实供需尚 可，但需求仍面临季节性下滑压力，关注需求变化，低估值背景下，预计 价格震荡运行。(数据来源：同花顺 iFinD，Mysteel) ◆ 铁矿石 周二，中美会谈成果营造良好预期，盘面向上回调。现货方面，青岛港 PB 粉 765 元/湿吨（-5）。普氏 62%指数 101.25 美元/吨（+2.65）， 月均 98.86 美元/吨。PBF 基差 95 元/吨（-1）。供给端：最新澳洲巴西 ...

国际投行如何看待中美关税变化？这对中国、美国的经济和货币、财政政策又有什么影响？ 中美经贸高层会谈取得实质性进展，此次会谈的举行是中美经贸关系的一个积极动向，为后续沟通与谈 判奠定了基础。全球股市大涨，美股已经回到了技术性牛市区间，纳斯达克指数从4月低点到现在的涨 幅已达27%，而恒生科技股指数也在12日大涨5%。 国际投行如何看待中美关税变化？这对中国、美国的经济和货币、财政政策又有什么影响？ 对此，第一财经整理了高盛、摩根士丹利、瑞银、澳新等国际投行的最新观点，以及部分投行交易台交 易员关注到的一线交易变化。 摩根士丹利：比市场预期更快、幅度更深 摩根士丹利方面发给第一财经的邮件显示，该机构认为，中美经贸高层会谈取得实质性进展的速度比市 场预期更快，程度也更深。 该机构认为，从对抗转向有序谈判的初步迹象显现，即双方同意建立一个常设磋商机制，该机制由中国 国务院副总理何立峰、美国财政部长贝森特以及美国贸易代表格里尔牵头。 就关税变化对宏观经济的影响而言，摩根士丹利认为中国GDP或有超出此前该机构预测的可能性。关税 暂停让双方从近乎双边贸易暂停的局面中得到了缓解。虽然关税水平仍较高，但暂停期可能会促使货物 提 ...

黑色产业日报 简要观点 ◆ 螺纹钢 周一，螺纹钢期货价格大幅反弹，杭州中天螺纹钢 3200 元/吨，较前一 日上涨 50 元/吨，10 合约基差 118（-10），中美会谈成果超预期，双 方大幅互降关税，市场预期明显好转。国内政策方面，5 月 7 日，三部 门发布一揽子金融政策稳市场稳预期，货币政策利多落地，不过盘面高 开低走，市场仍在期待财政政策发力；产业方面，上周螺纹钢产量、表需 双降，库存小幅累积，供需格局有转差迹象，当然也有五一假期因素影 响，需求是否已经开始季节性回落还需进一步观察。后市而言：估值方 面，螺纹钢期货价格仍低于电炉谷电成本，静态估值处于偏低水平；驱 动方面，政策端，中美贸易环境改善，短期国内出台大规模财政刺激政 策概率较小，产业端，现实供需尚可，但需求仍面临季节性下滑压力，关 注需求变化，低估值背景下，预计价格震荡运行。(数据来源：同花顺 iFinD，Mysteel) 产业服务总部 黑色产业团队 2025/5/13 公司资质 长江期货股份有限公司交易咨询业 务资格：鄂证监期货字[2014]1 号 研究员 张佩云 ◆ 铁矿石 周一，中美会谈成果营造良好预期，盘面向上回调。供给方面，全球发 ...

中金研究 中美会谈取得实质性进展，宣布缓解对彼此商品加征的关税。会谈结果好于预期，市场风险偏好明 显回升。短期来看，关税对于美国主要是供给冲击，对于中国主要是需求冲击，经贸会谈结果意味 着美国供给冲击缓解，中国需求冲击减弱。我们测算显示，最新美国有效关税率将从此前的28.4%下 降至15.5%，美国滞胀风险降低。最新关税下，中国出口下行风险得到较大缓解，后续中国国内经济 走势主要看宏观政策力度，尤其是财政政策力度。 点击小程序查看报告原文 北京时间5月12日下午3点，中美双方同步发表《中美日内瓦经贸会谈联合声明》[1] [2]。 根据声明内 容，自5月14日起，双方将仅保留对彼此商品加征的10%关税，暂停执行此前加征的24%关税，为期90 天，其余对等关税则全部取消。不过，今年2月和3月美国以芬太尼问题为由对中方额外征收的累计20% 关税并不在此次协议范围内。这意味着在协议实施后，美国对中国商品的关税将从145%降至30%，中 国对美国商品的关税则将从125%降至10%[3]。美国财政部长贝森特在记者会上表示，双方都不希望脱 钩，"我们都希望实现贸易平衡，美国将持续朝这一方向努力"[4]。根据声明，我们测算 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the recent Central Political Bureau meeting emphasizes accelerating the issuance and utilization of local government special bonds and ultra-long-term special treasury bonds, indicating that speeding up fiscal expenditure is a key focus of current fiscal policy implementation [1] Group 2 - Experts believe that the pace of new special bond issuance may accelerate, and the number of ultra-long-term special treasury bond issuances has been determined, which may moderately increase the single issuance quota for May and June [1] - Liu Yu, chief economist at Huaxi Securities, suggests that the acceleration of fiscal spending is crucial for the current economic environment [1]

Group 1 - The central government has emphasized the need for more proactive fiscal policies and moderately loose monetary policies, with the People's Bank of China (PBOC) announcing a series of measures including interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio (RRR) reductions [2][5] - The PBOC's recent report indicates that monetary policy will continue to support the economy, focusing on implementation and effectiveness evaluation [2][5] - The report highlights the need for increased counter-cyclical adjustments due to external uncertainties affecting exports, particularly from U.S. tariff policies [3][4] Group 2 - The government is accelerating the issuance of special bonds and long-term treasury bonds to support fiscal policy, with a planned issuance of 1.3 trillion yuan in special bonds [4] - The PBOC aims to ensure sufficient liquidity in the market to support these fiscal measures, indicating a continued loose monetary environment [6][7] - The report outlines specific policy tools to support sectors such as technology finance, green finance, and small and micro enterprises, with a total of 1.1 trillion yuan in new funding [7] Group 3 - The PBOC is maintaining a focus on the stability of the financial markets, particularly in the context of recent fluctuations in the international financial markets due to U.S. trade policies [4][8] - The report emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach between supporting the real economy and maintaining the health of the banking system, reflecting concerns over banks' net interest margins [5][9] - The PBOC's assessment of government debt sustainability indicates that China's fiscal policy still has room for expansion, supporting the notion of continued monetary easing [10] Group 4 - The report expands its focus to include various economic indicators, such as the evolution of medium-term lending facilities (MLF) and the sustainability of government debt, reflecting a comprehensive approach to monetary policy [9][10] - The PBOC acknowledges the current low inflation environment and the need for policies that stimulate effective demand while managing supply-side constraints [10][11] - The overall strategy involves deepening structural reforms and coordinating various policy measures to achieve a balance between supply and demand, while fostering a conducive environment for reasonable price recovery [11]

晨会纪要（2025/05/12） 编辑人 崔健 022-28451618 SAC NO：S1150511010016 cuijian@bhzq.com 渤海证券研究所晨会纪要（2025.05.12） 宏观及策略研究 情绪波动后的基本面博弈——2025 年 5 月宏观经济月报 固定收益研究 双降落地后，债市或回归基本面交易――利率债 5 月投资策略展望 行业研究 秘鲁安塔米拉铜矿停工，欧盟拟改变电车关税政策 ——金属行业 5 月投资策 略展望 轻工纺服一季度业绩均有承压，后续关注内需政策发力——轻工制造&纺织 服饰行业 2024 年年报&2025 年一季报业绩综述 证 券 研 究 报 告 晨 会 纪 请务必阅读正文之后的声明 渤海证券股份有限公司具备证券投资咨询业务资格 1 of 7 要 晨会纪要（2025/05/12） 宏观及策略研究 情绪波动后的基本面博弈——2025 年 5 月宏观经济月报 周 喜（证券分析师，SAC NO：S1150511010017） 宋亦威（证券分析师，SAC NO：S1150514080001） 严佩佩（证券分析师，SAC NO：S1150520110001） 靳沛芃（研究助理，S ...