Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve's interest rate cuts significantly impact the performance of equity, debt, and currency assets, while the relationship with commodity prices is less clear [1][2] Equity Market - Equity assets have a higher success rate during preemptive rate cuts, while they are likely to decline during crisis-driven cuts [1][2] - The success rate of equities improves one month after a preemptive rate cut, and the performance during crisis-driven cuts is closely related to the recovery of fundamentals [2] Debt Market - U.S. Treasury yields are more likely to decline during crisis-driven rate cuts, while the trend during preemptive cuts is uncertain [1][2] - After rate cuts, U.S. Treasury yields typically decrease, while the trend for Chinese bonds is generally downward, with no clear pattern for German and Japanese bonds [2] Currency Market - The strength of the U.S. dollar is inconsistent in the early stages of rate cuts, but after 2-3 months, the dollar tends to depreciate under recessionary cuts and appreciate under preemptive cuts, with the Chinese yuan showing relative independence [1][2] - The average appreciation of the euro and yen is noted during these periods [2] Commodity Market - The relationship between commodity prices and interest rate cuts is weak, with gold showing a higher average increase during crisis-driven cuts and greater elasticity in price increases [1][2] - Oil prices are less correlated with rate cuts and are more influenced by supply and demand dynamics [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the impact of Federal Reserve interest rate cuts on various asset classes, highlighting the differences between "relief" and "preventive" rate cuts [1][2] Group 1: Stock Market - Equity assets tend to perform better during preventive rate cuts, while they are likely to decline during relief rate cuts [1][2] - The winning rate of equities increases one month after preventive rate cuts, with performance during relief cuts being closely tied to fundamental recovery [2] Group 2: Bond Market - U.S. Treasury yields are more likely to decline during relief rate cuts, while their behavior during preventive cuts is uncertain [1][2] - After rate cuts, U.S. Treasury yields typically decrease, and domestic bond yields also tend to drop in the short term, with no clear pattern observed in German or Japanese bonds [2] Group 3: Currency Market - The dollar's performance is mixed in the early stages of rate cuts, but tends to depreciate two to three months after relief cuts, while it may appreciate during preventive cuts [1][2] - The Chinese yuan shows relative independence in its movements compared to the dollar, while the euro and yen generally appreciate [2] Group 4: Commodity Market - Gold tends to have a higher average increase during preventive rate cuts, and its price elasticity is greater during relief rate cuts [1][2] - The relationship between oil prices and interest rate cuts is weak, as oil prices are more influenced by supply and demand dynamics [1][2]

| 证券分析师： | 田地 | 0755-81982035 | tiandi2@guosen.com.cn | 执证编码：S0980524090003 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 证券分析师： | 邵兴宇 | 010-88005483 | shaoxingyu@guosen.com.cn | 执证编码：S0980523070001 | | 证券分析师： | 董德志 | 021-60933158 | dongdz@guosen.com.cn | 执证编码：S0980513100001 | 事项： 美东时间 9 月 5 日，美国劳工部（BLS）公布 8 月非农就业报告。8 月新增非农就业人数 2.2 万（远低于预 期 7.5 万）。失业率小幅上行至 4.3%，符合预期。时薪同比增速 3.7%。 评论： 证券研究报告 | 2025年09月10日 8 月非农数据点评 就业骤冷，降息已成定局 经济研究·宏观快评 图1：8 月非农数据总览 | | | | | 2025年8月 非农数据总览表 | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential for a shift in global asset classes due to the Federal Reserve's dovish stance and rising expectations for a rate cut in September, following a significant decline in U.S. employment data [1][5]. Historical Review: Federal Reserve Rate Cut Cycles - The article categorizes past Federal Reserve rate cut cycles into three scenarios: 1. **Preventive Rate Cuts** (1995-1996, 2019): Small and gradual cuts aimed at softening potential economic slowdowns [2]. 2. **Recessionary Rate Cuts** (2001-2004, 2007-2008): Large and rapid cuts in response to economic recessions or financial crises [3]. 3. **Crisis Response Rate Cuts** (1987, 1998): Quick measures taken to stabilize market sentiment during specific risk events [4]. Asset Performance During Rate Cut Cycles - **Equities**: Rate cuts typically boost risk appetite, leading to stock market gains. For instance, after the 2019 rate cut, the S&P 500 index rose nearly 10% over the following year [5][6]. - **Bonds**: The bond market often reacts first to rate cuts, with U.S. Treasury yields generally declining. Historically, 10-year Treasury yields have dropped by an average of 80-100 basis points during rate cut cycles [7]. - **Gold**: Gold tends to perform well during rate cut cycles due to lower holding costs and increased demand for safe-haven assets. Since 1990, gold has shown an 83% success rate in the 10 trading days following rate cuts [8][9]. Market Outlook and Strategy - The article suggests that if the Federal Reserve cuts rates, it may lead to a narrowing of the China-U.S. interest rate differential, potentially easing depreciation pressure on the RMB and allowing for more accommodative domestic monetary policy [7]. - It emphasizes the importance of maintaining diversified and flexible asset allocations to navigate market uncertainties, regardless of the rate cut outcome [10][11].

Macro and Strategy Research - The U.S. economy is experiencing a shift in the balance of risks between inflation and employment, with a potential monetary policy shift expected in September. The focus is on August's non-farm payroll and inflation data, as well as adjustments to the annual non-farm benchmark [2] - In Europe, economic expectations are improving, and stable inflation allows the European Central Bank (ECB) to maintain current policy rates. ECB President Lagarde indicated that trade negotiations are not posing significant threats to monetary policy [2] Domestic Economy - Domestic economic growth slowed in July due to extreme weather and policy expectations, characterized by strong external demand and weak internal demand. Future external demand growth is expected to be supported by a weakening U.S. demand and a reshaped long-term trade landscape [3] - The domestic policy environment emphasizes stabilizing market expectations and strengthening the domestic circulation, with structural monetary policies focusing on inclusive finance and technological innovation [3][4] Fixed Income Research - In August, the central bank injected a net liquidity of 386.5 billion yuan, maintaining low funding prices. The issuance of interest rate bonds decreased to 3 trillion yuan, with net financing increasing to 1.7 trillion yuan [6][7] - The bond market is expected to face pressure from external demand uncertainties and "anti-involution" measures, with a focus on the stability of the funding environment in September [8] Industry Research - The medical insurance payment management method was introduced in August, and the 11th batch of centralized procurement is progressing. The medical care CPI in July was 100.5, with a year-on-year increase of 0.5% [9][10] - The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry reported a cumulative revenue of 1,401.07 billion yuan from January to July, a year-on-year decrease of 1.7%, while cumulative profits fell by 2.6% [10] - The upcoming World Lung Cancer Conference (WCLC) is expected to provide opportunities for innovation in the pharmaceutical and medical device sectors, with a focus on companies benefiting from optimized procurement rules and the recovery of domestic demand [10]

Group 1 - Developed markets are expected to outperform emerging markets following a dovish signal from the Federal Reserve, with historical data indicating greater upward elasticity in developed markets during the first 1-3 months after such signals [2][3][4] - The S&P 500 has historically shown an average increase of 1.3% in the month following dovish meetings, with a larger average increase of 5.5% over three months [2][5] - Large-cap stocks are generally favored over small-cap stocks in the aftermath of preventive rate cuts, although small-cap stocks may show significant improvement if economic indicators point to recovery [3][4] Group 2 - Growth sectors such as information technology and healthcare, along with cyclical sectors like financials, are expected to perform better due to their sensitivity to interest rate changes [3][4] - The U.S. dollar may not necessarily decline following rate cuts, as historical trends show a slight average increase in the dollar one month and three months after dovish meetings [3][4][5] - Short-term U.S. Treasury yields are expected to decline more significantly than long-term yields, which may be constrained by factors such as fiscal deficits and credit conditions [4][5] Group 3 - In the Chinese market, the impact of rate cuts is seen as a supplementary factor, with the primary influence being the economic fundamentals [4][5] - A-shares are anticipated to favor growth sectors over value sectors, particularly in interest-sensitive industries like pharmaceuticals and electronics, which tend to perform better in the six months following rate cuts [6][7] - Hong Kong stocks, particularly in the information technology sector, are expected to show superior performance both in the short and long term following rate cuts [6][7]

Group 1: U.S. Economic Indicators - U.S. manufacturing PMI rose from 49.8 to 53.3, exceeding market expectations of 49.7[8] - New home starts increased by 10.6 percentage points to 12.9%, the highest since December 2023[10] - Existing home sales annualized at 4.01 million units, above the expected 3.92 million[10] Group 2: Market Reactions - U.S. stock indices showed mixed performance, with the S&P 500 up 0.3% and the Nikkei 225 down 1.7%[3] - The 10-year U.S. Treasury yield fell by 7 basis points to 4.26%[3] - The U.S. dollar index decreased by 0.12% to 97.72[3] Group 3: Federal Reserve Policy Outlook - Powell signaled a dovish shift at the Jackson Hole meeting, indicating potential rate cuts in September[1] - The Fed may implement a maximum of two rate cuts within the year due to inflation concerns[1] - The ECB is expected to remain on hold in September, as inflation is no longer a primary focus[1]

Macro and Strategy Research - The US durable goods orders showed a negative growth for the second consecutive month, while core capital goods orders turned positive, indicating stable investment demand from enterprises [2] - The European Central Bank (ECB) officials have differing views on inflation trends, suggesting a pause in rate cuts in September, with potential for easing later in the year due to economic uncertainties [3] - Domestic industrial enterprises' revenue growth continues to decline, but profit margins are improving, supported by previous "anti-involution" policies [3] Fixed Income Research - The bond market experienced a slight recovery before weakening again, with investor confidence remaining low [4] - The central bank's net injection of 167.6 billion yuan in the open market indicates a mixed performance in funding prices, with a divergence between cross-month and non-cross-month funding rates [5] - The supply pressure in the primary market for government bonds is expected to decrease in the remaining months of the year [6] Company Research: Haomai Technology (002595) - The company reported a revenue of 5.265 billion yuan for H1 2025, a year-on-year increase of 27.25%, and a net profit of 1.197 billion yuan, up 24.65% [8] - The company's core businesses are performing well, with significant growth in the CNC machine tool segment, which saw a revenue increase of 145.08% [9] - The new electric heating vulcanization machine has shown significant advantages and has received orders totaling 135 million yuan [10] Company Research: China Aluminum (601600) - The company achieved a revenue of 116.392 billion yuan in H1 2025, a 5.12% increase year-on-year, with a net profit of 7.071 billion yuan, up 0.81% [12] - Production of alumina and primary aluminum increased, with alumina production reaching 8.6 million tons, a 4.88% increase [14] - The company has improved its resource self-sufficiency rate and has accelerated the production of key projects [14]

Group 1: Investment Rating - There is no information about the industry investment rating in the report. Group 2: Core Views - Last week, copper prices fluctuated and strengthened. The main reasons were the moderate rebound of the US core PCE in line with expectations, the resilience of the overall US economic demand, the dovish stance of Powell and Fed governors on interest rate cuts, and the concerns about the Fed's policy independence triggered by Trump's attempt to dismiss Fed governor Cook, which weakened the US dollar index and boosted the metal market. Fundamentally, overseas mine shortages persisted, the release of global refined copper new production capacity was limited, domestic social inventories were at a low level, and the near - term structure turned to B again. In the short term, copper prices are expected to fluctuate in a high - level range, and attention should be paid to the pressure at the $10,000 integer mark for LME copper [2][3][8]. Group 3: Summary by Directory 1. Market Data - **Price Changes**: From August 22nd to August 29th, LME copper rose from $9809.00/ton to $9906.00/ton, a 0.99% increase; COMEX copper rose from 446.1 cents/pound to 458.5 cents/pound, a 2.78% increase; SHFE copper rose from 78690.00 yuan/ton to 79410.00 yuan/ton, a 0.91% increase; international copper rose from 70220.00 yuan/ton to 70490.00 yuan/ton, a 0.38% increase. The Shanghai - London ratio decreased by 0.01, LME spot premium/discount decreased by $1.88/ton (2.40% decrease), and Shanghai spot premium increased by 100 yuan/ton [4]. - **Inventory Changes**: As of August 29th, the total inventory of LME, COMEX, SHFE, and Shanghai bonded area increased to 600,000 tons. LME copper inventory increased by 2925 tons (1.88% increase), COMEX inventory increased by 6361 short tons (2.34% increase), SHFE inventory decreased by 1950 tons (-2.39% decrease), and Shanghai bonded area inventory decreased by 4100 tons (-4.68% decrease) [7]. 2. Market Analysis and Outlook - **Price Movement Reasons**: The rise in copper prices was due to the moderate rebound of the US core PCE in July in line with expectations, the Fed's dovish stance on interest rate cuts, and the concerns about the Fed's independence caused by Trump's actions. Fundamentally, overseas mine shortages persisted, new production capacity was limited, and domestic inventories were low [8]. - **Inventory Situation**: As of August 29th, the total global inventory rebounded slightly. LME copper inventory increased slightly by 0.3 million tons with a cancellation warrant ratio of 8.2%, SHFE inventory decreased slightly by 0.2 million tons, and Shanghai bonded area inventory decreased by 0.4 million tons. The LME inventory continued to rebound but at a slower pace, and the US copper decline rate slowed down. The Shanghai - London ratio remained at 8.02 due to the weak US dollar index [8]. - **Macro - economic Situation**: In the US, the core PCE in July increased by 2.9% year - on - year and 0.3% month - on - month. The Fed's dovish governor supported a 25 - basis - point interest rate cut in September. The EU and the US reached a tariff concession agreement. Domestically, China's industrial enterprise profits decreased in July and from January to July, but high - tech manufacturing profits grew rapidly [9]. - **Supply - demand Situation**: Codelco's Teniente mine in Chile is expected to cut production by 40,000 tons this year. The underground pumping at the Kamoa - Kakula mine is slow, and the domestic spot TC dropped to -$41.5/ton. China's refined copper production remained high, but non - CSPT smelters began to cut production slightly due to cold material shortages. On the demand side, power grid investment weakened, the start - up rate of refined copper rod enterprises decreased, the consumption of the wind and solar industries was expected to decline, and the new energy vehicle market entered the off - season but still had good year - on - year growth. Domestic social inventories remained at a low level of about 120,000 tons, and the near - term structure turned to B [10]. 3. Industry News - Freeport Indonesia expects to complete the repair of its East Java joint - venture smelter in early September. The Gresik smelter has an annual cathode copper production capacity of 342,000 tons [13]. - Hudbay Minerals restarted its Snow Lake mine in Manitoba after the evacuation order was lifted and expects to resume full - load production in early September [14]. - Ivanhoe's Kamoa - Kakula mine in Africa is expected to restart mining in early 2026 after drainage. The company lowered its 2025 production forecast by 28% to 370,000 - 420,000 tons of copper concentrate [15]. 4. Related Charts - The report provides multiple charts showing the price trends of Shanghai copper and LME copper, inventory changes, basis, premium/discount, and other aspects [17][18][22][26][30][31][33][37][39][44].

Group 1 - Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell signaled a dovish stance at the Jackson Hole conference, indicating an openness to interest rate cuts, which led to a significant market reaction with the Dow Jones rising by 2% to a new historical high [1] - The U.S. economy is showing signs of slowing, with new job additions averaging only 35,000 per month over the past three months, significantly below the expected 168,000 for 2024 [1] - Powell highlighted that inflation risks are currently tilted upwards while employment risks are leaning downwards, suggesting a cautious approach to policy adjustments [1] Group 2 - Analysts expect the Federal Reserve to cut rates by 25 basis points in September, primarily as a preventive measure against future economic uncertainties, with a total of up to two rate cuts anticipated within the year [4] - The stock market typically benefits from rate cuts due to improved liquidity and lower financing costs, which can enhance risk appetite [2][4] - The technology sector remains resilient and independent of traditional economic cycles, contributing to the recent highs in the stock market [5] Group 3 - The anticipated rate cuts are expected to address weaknesses in traditional demand, particularly in manufacturing and real estate, which have been adversely affected by high financing costs [6] - Market reactions to rate cuts often lead to upward adjustments in stock indices, with the S&P 500 potentially reaching around 6,400 to 6,700 points [4][6] - The long-term outlook for U.S. Treasury yields and the dollar may not necessarily decline significantly following rate cuts, as historical patterns suggest a rebound in yields and dollar strength post-cut [7]