证券研究报告 固收视角 双降落地，曲线走陡 华泰研究 2025 年 5 月 07 日│中国内地 张继强 研究员 SAC No. S0570518110002 SFC No. AMB145 zhangjiqiang@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 吴宇航 研究员 SAC No. S0570521090004 wuyuhang@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 仇文竹 研究员 SAC No. S0570521050002 qiuwenzhu@htsc.com +(86) 10 6321 1166 其次对市场而言，择机或适时降准降息早有预告，本次降准时间和力度基本符合预期。在我们 4 月 18 日开展的问卷调 查中，89%的投资者认为未来三个月会降准。我们也认为降准时机基本成熟。一是当前银行超储率水位不高，中长期 流动性缺口有待补充；二是降准时间间隔已接近历史平均规律，上一次降准是 2024 年 9 月，根据历史规律降准间隔平 均为 4-8 月；三是政府债进入发行高峰，特别国债启动发行，降准有助于稳定资金面。 降息时间略早于预判，但并不意外，幅度为 10BP，低于去年 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the need for a combination of macroeconomic, industry, and reform policies to stabilize growth in the face of persistent downward pressure on China's economy [1][4][10]. Macroeconomic Policies - Macroeconomic policies, including monetary and fiscal measures, are essential for counter-cyclical adjustments during economic downturns. The focus should be on monetary easing and fiscal expansion to stimulate growth [4][10]. - Continuous reliance on macroeconomic policies over extended periods is unsustainable, highlighting the need for a balanced approach [4][10]. Industry Policies - Industry policies are crucial as certain sectors lose competitiveness due to rising costs and changing market conditions. This necessitates the entry of emerging industries to support economic growth [4][5]. - The real estate sector's ongoing decline poses significant challenges for overall economic stability, as it heavily influences both investment and consumption [5][7]. - There is a need to create a conducive environment for emerging industries while stabilizing critical sectors like real estate in the short term [7][8]. Reform Policies - Reform policies are vital for improving the business environment as China transitions from an input-driven growth model to an innovation-driven one. This includes enhancing resource allocation efficiency and boosting the confidence of private enterprises [8][10]. - Private enterprises play a significant role in driving innovation and economic growth, necessitating the effective implementation of policies that support them [8][10]. Current Policy Recommendations - The article suggests that the current policy response should be proactive, considering potential economic downturns. It highlights the importance of preparing for risks and adjusting policies based on economic performance [10][11]. - The recent increase in U.S. tariffs poses challenges for Chinese exports, necessitating decisive macroeconomic policies to stabilize growth and expand domestic demand [12][13]. - Targeted measures should be designed to assist industries and workers directly affected by external shocks, such as tariffs, to mitigate their impact on the economy [12][13].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is the performance and growth of the State-Owned Enterprise Dividend Index and its related ETF, indicating a positive trend in the market for state-owned enterprises [1][2] - As of May 7, 2025, the State-Owned Enterprise Dividend Index (000824) increased by 0.68%, with notable gains from constituent stocks such as Everbright Bank (up 2.39%) and Qingdao Port (up 2.31%) [1] - The State-Owned Enterprise Dividend ETF (159515) saw a growth of 0.85%, with the latest price reported at 1.07 yuan, reflecting strong investor interest [1] Group 2 - The State-Owned Enterprise Dividend ETF experienced a significant increase in scale, growing by 3.2029 million yuan over the past two weeks, ranking it in the top half among comparable funds [1] - The ETF's share count also rose by 3.3 million shares in the same period, indicating robust demand [1] - The People's Bank of China announced a 0.5 percentage point reduction in the reserve requirement ratio, injecting approximately 1 trillion yuan into the market, which is expected to positively impact the banking sector [2] Group 3 - The top ten weighted stocks in the State-Owned Enterprise Dividend Index as of April 30, 2025, include COSCO Shipping Holdings and Jizhong Energy, collectively accounting for 15.18% of the index [3] - The index is designed to reflect the overall performance of high dividend yield securities from state-owned enterprises, focusing on companies with stable dividends and significant liquidity [2]

高炉吨钢利润稳中向好，低库存背景下普钢公司业绩有望进一步修复 【】【】 钢铁 [Table_Industry] [Table_ReportDate] 2025 年 5 月 5 日 本期内容提要： 上周市场表现：上周钢铁板块下跌 0.52%，表现劣于大盘；其中，特 钢板块下跌 2.29%，长材板块上涨 0.77%，板材板块上涨 0.42%；铁 矿石板块下跌 1.00%，钢铁耗材板块下跌 3.90%，贸易流通板块上涨 0.88% ➢ 。 铁水产量环比增加。截至 5 月 2 日，样本钢企高炉产能利用率 92. 0%，周环比增加 0.40 百分点。截至 5 月 2 日，样本钢企电炉产能利 用率 55.5%，周环比下降 1.20 百分点。截至 5 月 2 日，五大钢材品种 产量 773.4 万吨，周环比增加 6.91 万吨，周环比增加 0.90%。截至 5 月 2 日，日均铁水产量为 245.42 万吨，周环比增加 1.07 万吨，同比 增加 16.70 ➢ 万吨。 五大材消费量环比下降。截至 5 月 2 日，五大钢材品种消费量 970.9 万吨，周环比增加 44.61 万吨，周环比增加 4.82%。截至 5 月 2 ...

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the need for a coordinated approach involving macroeconomic, industry, and reform policies to address economic downward pressure and achieve stable growth [3][9][10] - Macroeconomic policies are primarily suitable for short-term counter-cyclical adjustments, with a focus on monetary and fiscal easing to stimulate the economy [6][10] - Industry policies are crucial to address structural challenges during industrial upgrades, particularly in stabilizing key sectors like real estate while fostering emerging industries [7][8][9] Group 2 - The article highlights the importance of reform policies to improve the operating environment for private enterprises and enhance market resource allocation efficiency [8][9] - Recent U.S. tariff increases are expected to have a significant economic impact, necessitating targeted measures to support affected businesses and workers [11][12][13] - The government has already implemented various measures to support consumption, including policies aimed at urbanizing migrant workers, which can help expand domestic consumption [14]

| 消费增长的量价拆解——月度宏观经济回 | 2025-04-28 | | --- | --- | | 顾与展望 | | | 积极迎战外部风险——4 月政治局会议解 | 2025-04-26 | | 读 | | 外贸冲击的衍生影响开始显现——4 月 PMI 点评 研究结论 事件：4 月 30 日统计局公布最新 PMI，其中制造业 PMI 录得 49.0%，较上月下降 1.5 个百分点；非制造业 PMI 录得 50.4%，保持在荣枯线以上。 风险提示 宏观经济 | 动态跟踪 报告发布日期 2025 年 05 月 03 日 | 陈至奕 | 021-63325888*6044 | | --- | --- | | | chenzhiyi@orientsec.com.cn | | | 执业证书编号：S0860519090001 香港证监会牌照：BUK982 | | 孙金霞 | 021-63325888*7590 | | | sunjinxia@orientsec.com.cn | | | 执业证书编号：S0860515070001 | | 曹靖楠 | 021-63325888*3046 | | | caojingnan ...

Group 1: PMI Data Overview - The manufacturing PMI for April is 49%, a decrease of 1.5 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a contraction in the manufacturing sector[1] - The service sector PMI stands at 50.1%, down 0.2 percentage points month-on-month, while the construction PMI is at 51.9%, also down 1.5 percentage points[1] - The decline in manufacturing PMI is the largest among the three sectors, falling below the 50% threshold, signaling external demand's impact on the economy[1] Group 2: External Demand Impact - Concerns over tariffs have materialized, with the April manufacturing PMI drop exceeding the historical average decline of 0.7 percentage points[1] - The April manufacturing PMI's month-on-month decline of 1.5 percentage points is the third largest for this period in the last decade, following declines of 2.1 and 2.7 percentage points in April 2022 and 2023, respectively[1] - The manufacturing production index fell by 2.8 percentage points to 49.8%, while the new orders index decreased by 2.6 percentage points to 49.2%, primarily due to a drop in export orders[1] Group 3: Employment and Pricing Trends - The employment index in manufacturing decreased slightly by 0.3 percentage points to 47.9%, while the construction employment index fell significantly to 37.8%, the lowest on record[2] - The input price index for raw materials dropped by 2.8 percentage points to 47%, while the output price index fell by 3.1 percentage points to 44.8%, indicating greater pressure on output prices compared to input prices[2] - The textile and equipment manufacturing sectors, which are more reliant on external demand, experienced greater declines in PMI compared to high-tech manufacturing and consumer goods sectors[2] Group 4: Future Outlook and Policy Recommendations - The report suggests that external demand pressures may increase in May and June due to tariff changes and global manufacturing trends[1] - To counteract the impact of declining exports, boosting service demand is highlighted as a critical strategy, requiring more policy support to enhance overall economic activity[2] - Upcoming growth stabilization policies are expected to be implemented in the second quarter, focusing on expanding domestic demand, particularly in consumption, to mitigate export impacts[2]

大宗商品周度报告 2025年4月28日 黑色方面，钢材、铁矿石在前期强势上涨后出现调整，成材库存去化节奏减 慢，铁矿石盘面情绪同步转弱，双焦受原料补库力度减弱影响也震荡偏弱。政策 面稳增长预期依然存在支撑，但短期现实需求与宏观情绪脱节，导致黑色板块波 动加大。 能源方面，市场对全球经济放缓及需求疲软的担忧升温，同时美国成品油库 存回升、美联储偏鹰预期抑制了油价上行空间。尽管中东局势仍有不稳定因素， 但避险支撑逐步减弱，油价上行动能不足。天然气价格继续承压，受库存高企及 气温回暖影响，供需宽松格局未改。短期来看，能源板块情绪趋于谨慎，关注 OPEC+后续减产动态以及全球经济数据对需求端预期的进一步调整。 化工方面，聚酯产业链品种如PTA、乙二醇在成本支撑减弱下震荡回落，甲 醇、PVC等基础化工品亦受制于内需疲软和出口承压，盘面持续承压。尽管国 内稳增长政策仍在推进，但短期现实需求接力不足，化工板块陷入成本支撑减弱 与终端需求乏力共振的调整阶段。节后市场关注点将转向下游复工节奏、库存变 化及国际油价的指引作用。 农产品方面，油脂油料板块走高，受外盘反弹、供需预期改善及资金情绪回 暖带动。畜禽板块表现偏弱，消费提振 ...

2025.04.21-04.25 电解铝 期货品种周报 中线行情分析 4月底铝价或仍修复性反弹，但空间预计难以逾越20800-21000附近阻力， 5月宏观面主导，价格大区间波动为主。 中线趋势判断 1 趋势判断逻辑 4月底政治局会议或成为关键节点，若新一轮稳增长政策（如地产纾困、 基建加码）超预期出台，则市场情绪或仍将进一步提升，另外，6月份 美债到期前，美联储降息预期或进一步升温，但特朗普政策变动性较 大，当前美股熊市特征越发明显，VIX指数处于高位，市场避险情绪仍 偏浓。供需方面，由于云南水电复产完成，近期国内供应压力边际增 加，需求端则结构性分化，整体需求增长较为缓慢，供需中性偏弱。 2 品种交易策略 n 上周策略回顾 价格仍有所反弹，沪铝2506区间预计19500-20200。 沪铝2506看19600-20300区间，区间操作。 n 本周策略建议 n 现货企业套期保值建议 等待企稳买入套保。 【各环节总体看法】 | | 2025年4月第3周 | | --- | --- | | 铝土矿市场 | 二季度铝土矿资源供应大概率继续增加，需要谨防铝土矿来源国几内亚、澳大利亚地区矿石新政等引起 | | | 的 ...

Economic Overview - The first quarter of 2025 showed a good economic start, with March export data exceeding expectations, driven by a "rush to export" effect, leading to a year-on-year export growth rate of 12.4%[6] - Core economic indicators such as consumption, investment, and real estate showed significant improvement, primarily due to the effectiveness of growth stabilization policies[6] - Fixed asset investment grew by 4.3% year-on-year, with manufacturing and infrastructure investment being the main drivers[6] Trade and Policy Implications - The recent trade conflict that erupted in early April did not impact the first quarter's economic performance; instead, the "rush to export" provided some support[7] - The upcoming April Politburo meeting is expected to focus on macroeconomic policies aimed at stabilizing growth, with a high probability of further policy implementation[7] Domestic Demand Expansion - Expanding domestic demand is identified as the government's primary task for 2025, with a focus on childcare subsidies, real estate, and tourism[8] - Recent policies include increased childcare subsidies and support for the real estate market, indicating a commitment to releasing market potential[8] Market Expectations - Since late February, market expectations for the 2025 performance of the Wind All A Index have weakened, with the consensus forecast for net profit declining from CNY 66,149.50 billion to CNY 63,991.29 billion, a drop of 3.26%[10] - This decline reflects a market reassessment of the U.S. government's trade stance towards China, particularly following tariff increases[10] Market Performance - The Shanghai Composite Index increased by 1.19%, while the CSI 300 rose by 0.59%, indicating a stronger performance compared to other indices like the ChiNext and the CSI 500, which saw declines[5] - The overall A-share market's price-to-earnings ratio is currently at 17.95, up by 1.02% from the previous week[5]