Core Viewpoint - The liquidity in the market remained stable and loose in April, but pressure is expected to increase in May due to accelerated government bond issuance and the maturity of MLF and reverse repos [1][4]. Group 1: Liquidity Trends - In April, the central bank maintained stable open market operations, with a total of 1.2 trillion yuan in reverse repos and a net injection of MLF for the second consecutive month, indicating a stable and loose liquidity environment [2][4]. - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) conducted a significant reverse repo operation on April 30, with a net injection of 422.8 billion yuan for the 7-day reverse repo [2]. - The total amount of reverse repos conducted in April was 1.2 trillion yuan, including 700 billion yuan for 3-month and 500 billion yuan for 6-month reverse repos [2]. Group 2: Interest Rate Trends - Overall, funding rates in April were low, with fluctuations due to government bond issuance and the "May Day" holiday, but remained at low levels [5]. - The 1-year and 5-year LPR remained unchanged at 3.1% and 3.6%, respectively, for six consecutive months, reflecting market expectations [7]. - The average monthly rate for DR007 in April was 1.73%, down 15 basis points from March, indicating a narrowing spread with the 7-day reverse repo rate [9]. Group 3: Outlook for Liquidity - In May, government bond supply is expected to be the largest influencing factor on liquidity, with an estimated issuance of approximately 1.34 trillion yuan in national bonds and 840 billion yuan in local bonds, totaling about 2.18 trillion yuan [10]. - The central bank's recent monetary policy measures, including a 0.5 percentage point reduction in reserve requirements, are expected to provide long-term liquidity support exceeding 1 trillion yuan [11]. - The current liquidity issues are primarily structural, and the central bank is expected to continue daily operations to maintain liquidity, focusing on increasing medium to long-term liquidity supply [11].

马来西亚央行：存款准备金率下调将释放约190亿林吉特的流动性。 ...

Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Market Style Factors - **Construction Idea**: The market style factors track the balance and volatility between different market styles, such as large-cap vs. small-cap and value vs. growth[11][13] - **Construction Process**: - **Style Balance**: Measure the relative performance of large-cap vs. small-cap stocks and value vs. growth stocks to determine the market's style preference[11] - **Style Volatility**: Calculate the fluctuations in the relative performance of these styles over time to assess the stability of the market's style preference[11] - **Evaluation**: The market style factors showed a balanced preference between large-cap and small-cap stocks, as well as between value and growth stocks. Additionally, the volatility of these styles continued to decline, indicating a more stable market environment[11][13] 2. Factor Name: Market Structure Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze the dispersion of returns, sector rotation, and trading concentration to understand the structural dynamics of the market[11][13] - **Construction Process**: - **Return Dispersion**: Measure the excess return dispersion across industry indices to evaluate the variability in sector performance[11] - **Sector Rotation**: Assess the speed of sector rotation by tracking changes in sector leadership over time[11] - **Trading Concentration**: Calculate the proportion of trading volume concentrated in the top 100 stocks and the top 5 industries to gauge market concentration[11] - **Evaluation**: The market structure factors indicated a decline in return dispersion, slower sector rotation, and reduced trading concentration, suggesting a more evenly distributed market environment[11][13] 3. Factor Name: Market Activity Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors measure the overall activity and liquidity of the market through volatility and turnover rates[12][13] - **Construction Process**: - **Volatility**: Calculate the index-level volatility to assess market stability[12] - **Turnover Rate**: Measure the turnover rate of the market to evaluate trading activity[12] - **Evaluation**: The market activity factors showed a decline in both volatility and turnover rates, reflecting reduced market activity, likely influenced by the holiday period[12][13] 4. Factor Name: Commodity Market Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze the performance, momentum, and liquidity of various commodity sectors[27][30] - **Construction Process**: - **Trend Strength**: Measure the strength of price trends in different commodity sectors, such as energy, metals, and agriculture[27] - **Basis Momentum**: Calculate the basis momentum, particularly for the metals sector, to assess the relative strength of futures prices compared to spot prices[27][30] - **Volatility**: Track the volatility levels across commodity sectors to evaluate risk[27][30] - **Liquidity**: Measure the liquidity of commodity sectors to assess trading ease[27][30] - **Evaluation**: The commodity market factors showed mixed performance, with strong trends in energy and metals, weaker trends in agriculture, and high volatility across sectors. Liquidity remained stable overall[27][30] 5. Factor Name: Options Market Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors analyze the implied volatility and skewness of options to infer market sentiment and expectations[35] - **Construction Process**: - **Implied Volatility**: Measure the implied volatility levels of options on major indices, such as the SSE 50 and CSI 1000, to gauge market uncertainty[35] - **Skewness**: Analyze the skewness of call and put options to understand market expectations for upward or downward movements[35] - **Evaluation**: The options market factors indicated a divergence in sentiment, with increased optimism for small-cap stocks (CSI 1000) and reduced optimism for large-cap stocks (SSE 50). This suggests a potential shift in market preference post-holiday[35] 6. Factor Name: Convertible Bond Market Factors - **Construction Idea**: These factors evaluate the valuation and trading activity of the convertible bond market[38] - **Construction Process**: - **Valuation**: Measure the average conversion premium of convertible bonds to assess their relative attractiveness[38] - **Trading Activity**: Track the trading volume and turnover in the convertible bond market to evaluate market interest[38] - **Evaluation**: The convertible bond market factors showed a slight increase in valuation, with trading activity continuing to recover, indicating improving market sentiment[38] --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Market Style Factors - **Style Balance**: Balanced between large-cap and small-cap, as well as value and growth[11][13] - **Style Volatility**: Continued decline in volatility, indicating stability[11][13] 2. Market Structure Factors - **Return Dispersion**: Declined, indicating less variability in sector performance[11][13] - **Sector Rotation**: Slowed down, suggesting reduced changes in sector leadership[11][13] - **Trading Concentration**: Decreased, reflecting a more evenly distributed market[11][13] 3. Market Activity Factors - **Volatility**: Declined, indicating reduced market risk[12][13] - **Turnover Rate**: Decreased, reflecting lower trading activity[12][13] 4. Commodity Market Factors - **Trend Strength**: Strong in energy and metals, weak in agriculture[27][30] - **Basis Momentum**: Highest in metals, declined in other sectors[27][30] - **Volatility**: High across all sectors[27][30] - **Liquidity**: Stable overall[27][30] 5. Options Market Factors - **Implied Volatility**: Increased for both SSE 50 and CSI 1000, indicating higher uncertainty[35] - **Skewness**: Positive for CSI 1000 (small-cap optimism), negative for SSE 50 (large-cap caution)[35] 6. Convertible Bond Market Factors - **Valuation**: Slight increase in average conversion premium[38] - **Trading Activity**: Continued recovery in trading volume[38]

一、政策传导机制的即时效应 1. 美联储政策预期的博弈 1. 预期差与 "买预期、卖事实" 风险 1. 短期关注政策落地节奏 1. 实际利率下行驱动配置需求 2. 中国央行于 2025 年 5 月 7 日宣布降准 0.5 个百分点、降息 0.1 个百分点，直接压低名义利率34。 若通胀预期稳定（IMF 预测 2025 年全球通胀率 4.3%8），实际利率（名义利率 - 通胀）将进一步 下降。黄金作为零息资产，持有成本降低的优势凸显。例如，2020 年美联储零利率政策下，国际 金价全年涨幅达 25%1，而当前中国降息周期中，实际利率的边际变化可能推动黄金 ETF 持仓增 加，形成价格支撑。流动性宽松与资金分流 3. 本次降准释放约 1 万亿元长期流动性3，部分资金可能流入大宗商品市场。历史数据显示，宽松周 期中黄金表现强劲，如 2008 年金融危机后金价累计上涨超 300%1。当前市场流动性充裕，叠加 地缘风险（如俄乌冲突持续9、中东局势紧张10），避险资金可能加速流入黄金，形成 "流动性驱 动 + 避险需求" 的共振效应。汇率波动与内外盘价差 4. 降息可能加剧人民币贬值压力。2025 年 5 月 7 日美元 ...

目前美国对华综合累计税率已超过100%，今后还有可能会有更多的不确定性。这将不可避免地对中国出口、消费、投资乃至于GDP产生重大冲击。初步估 算，美国对华关税每加征10%，中国出口或下降2%-2.5%，在美国关税未减免的情况下，2025年中国出口有可能下滑8%-10%；2026年出口增速可能进一步 下降15%左右。随着出口受阻，消费和投资领域也将出现连锁效应，对出口、消费、投资的变化如果不加干预，不排除极端情况下2025年中国GDP增速可能 下降1.0-1.5个百分点。同时，股票市场也出现了较大波动。 除了支持政府债券发行之外，一方面需要支持商业银行加大信贷投放，尤其是增加对出口、农业、"卡脖子"等相关行业企业的资金支持。另一方面，还需要 支持政策性银行、商业银行、证券、保险、基金等头部金融机构与大型央企集团、众多上市公司增持金融资产，稳定股市，稳定市场信心。综合来看，市场 存在较大的资金缺口。 2.年内存准率还有进一步下调的空间 存准率变动与国内经济发展需求密切相关，服务于宏观调控的政策目标。随着我国金融市场总体规模逐步扩大，货币政策总量调节的传导链条将更加复杂， 存准率对市场总量的调节难度上升。我国货币政 ...

Group 1 - The People's Bank of China announced a 0.5 percentage point reserve requirement ratio cut, providing approximately 1 trillion yuan in long-term liquidity to the market, along with a 0.1 percentage point reduction in policy interest rates [2] - The credit bond ETF from Bosera has seen a recent increase of 0.02%, with a latest price of 100.42 yuan, and a turnover rate of 0.6% during the trading session [2] - The average daily trading volume of the Bosera credit bond ETF over the past month reached 2.165 billion yuan [2] Group 2 - West Securities predicts a significant likelihood of a downward trend in credit bond yields in May, influenced by fundamental and monetary factors [3] - The Bosera credit bond ETF closely tracks the Shenzhen benchmark market-making credit bond index, reflecting the operational characteristics of the Shenzhen credit bond market [3] - The latest scale of the Bosera credit bond ETF reached 5.504 billion yuan, marking a new high since its inception and ranking in the top quarter among comparable funds [3] Group 3 - The Bosera credit bond ETF has experienced continuous net inflows over the past four days, with a maximum single-day net inflow of 100 million yuan, totaling 155 million yuan in net inflows [3] - Since its inception, the Bosera credit bond ETF has recorded a maximum drawdown of 0.89%, with a relative benchmark drawdown of 0.10% [4] - The management fee for the Bosera credit bond ETF is 0.15%, and the custody fee is 0.05%, which are the lowest among comparable funds [4]

Core Insights - The article highlights a significant increase in short-term debt issuance by companies in April, driven by economic uncertainty stemming from the Trump administration's tariff policies [1] Group 1: Debt Issuance - In April, non-financial commercial paper issuance surged by $100 billion, exceeding the average monthly issuance of $27 billion from 2019 to 2024 (excluding 2020) [1] - The spread between the highest-rated notes (referred to as Tier 1 bonds) and Treasury bills reached its widest level since August 2022 [1] - The spread between lower-rated notes (referred to as Tier 2 bonds) also hit its highest level since June 2023 [1]

Core Viewpoint - The S&P 500 index experienced significant volatility, dropping to a one-year low of 4835 points on April 7, before recovering to 5525 points by the end of the following week, reflecting a turbulent market environment [1][3]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - The hedge fund sector faced severe deleveraging and loss of returns on March 7 and 10, which set the stage for position clearing around April 2 [3]. - Hedge funds have reduced their net exposure significantly, with an average loss of approximately 1% year-to-date, while maintaining a total exposure of 210% [3]. - Long-term investors were largely inactive in March, waiting for news on April 2, leading to a significant sell-off in early April [5]. Group 2: Investor Behavior - Foreign investors have sold approximately $60 billion worth of U.S. stocks since early March, indicating a trend of reducing exposure to U.S. equities [7]. - The cash ratio for asset managers was at a historic low of 1.4% of assets under management (AUM) at the beginning of the quarter, but has since increased significantly [5]. - Retail investors continue to buy into the market, showing resilience unless unemployment rates rise significantly [20]. Group 3: Corporate Actions and Earnings - Corporate buybacks are expected to support the market, with a total of $377.1 billion authorized for buybacks in 2025, and April-May typically being a peak season for such activities [23]. - Earnings reports have been better than expected, with 46% of companies exceeding expectations, which is a positive sign for market sentiment [19]. Group 4: Market Indicators - The liquidity in the market remains low, with optimal order sizes significantly below historical averages, indicating potential for volatility [17]. - The proportion of ETF trading volume has increased to 44%, which is higher than the historical average, suggesting a reliance on ETFs for hedging [16]. - The breadth of the market is currently below historical averages, indicating a need for improvement before more aggressive buying is recommended [14].

证券研究报告 流动性跟踪周报（2025.4.21-4.27） 华泰研究 2025 年 4 月 28 日│中国内地 流动性周报 资金面边际转松，资金利率下行 上周公开市场到期 8080 亿元，均为逆回购到期，公开市场投放 15820 亿元， 其中逆回购投放 8820 亿元，MLF 投放 6000 亿元，国库现金定存投放 1000 亿元，合计净投放 7740 亿元。资金面边际转松，DR007 均值为 1.68%， 较前一周下行 2BP，R007 均值为 1.72%，较前一周下行 1BP，DR001 和 R001 均值分别为 1.65%和 1.67%。交易所回购利率整体上行，GC007 均 值为 1.77%，较前一周上行 4BP。截至上周最后一个交易日，逆回购未到 期余额为 8820 亿元，较前一周上行。 存单和 IRS 收益率上行 上周存单合计到期 7906.4 亿元，发行 9782.4 亿元，净融资规模 1876 亿元。 截至上周最后一个交易日，存单到期收益率（1 年期 AAA）为 1.76%，较 前一周上行。本周存单单周到期规模在 3353.1 亿元左右，到期压力较前一 周减小。利率互换方面，上周 1 年期 ...

分析师:梁伟超 SAC 登记编号:S1340523070001 Email:liangweichao@cnpsec.com 证券研究报告：固定收益报告 发布时间：2025-04-28 研究所 政治局会议明确以国内政策的确定性对冲外部不确定性。存在增 量的要点主要是：创设新的结构性货币政策工具，提及设立服务消费 与养老再贷款；设立新型政策性金融工具，用途是支持科技创新、扩 大消费、稳定外贸等；加大高品质住房供给；持续稳定和活跃资本市 场。所以，会议并未提到前期市场预期的财政政策的总量扩容，以加 快政策的落地实施为主，增量信息需要关注政策性金融工具等，以往 这一工具主要针对投资需求，并且历史上的"宽信用"效果较好，本 次针对科技、消费和外贸等发力。 MLF 操作和关键会议之后，债市对于货币宽松的想象空间反而缩 小了。MLF 和买断式回购可能对降准有替代作用，但其并未具备降准 在总量货币政策中的鲜明信号意义。会议之后，对于货币政策，依然 是降准可以期待，降息比较遥远的状态，对于债券交易而言，似乎与 会议前变化不大。 流动性维持稳定，短端不再调整，已经是后续想象中较为不错的 情况。银行负债和流动性内生环境的修复仍在继 ...