晨会纪要（2025/05/12） 编辑人 崔健 022-28451618 SAC NO：S1150511010016 cuijian@bhzq.com 渤海证券研究所晨会纪要（2025.05.12） 宏观及策略研究 情绪波动后的基本面博弈——2025 年 5 月宏观经济月报 固定收益研究 双降落地后，债市或回归基本面交易――利率债 5 月投资策略展望 行业研究 秘鲁安塔米拉铜矿停工，欧盟拟改变电车关税政策 ——金属行业 5 月投资策 略展望 轻工纺服一季度业绩均有承压，后续关注内需政策发力——轻工制造&纺织 服饰行业 2024 年年报&2025 年一季报业绩综述 证 券 研 究 报 告 晨 会 纪 请务必阅读正文之后的声明 渤海证券股份有限公司具备证券投资咨询业务资格 1 of 7 要 晨会纪要（2025/05/12） 宏观及策略研究 情绪波动后的基本面博弈——2025 年 5 月宏观经济月报 周 喜（证券分析师，SAC NO：S1150511010017） 宋亦威（证券分析师，SAC NO：S1150514080001） 严佩佩（证券分析师，SAC NO：S1150520110001） 靳沛芃（研究助理，S ...

宏观 [Table_ReportDate] 2025 年 05 月 12 日 [Table_Author] 分析师：陈江月 执业证书：S1030520060001 电话：0755-83199599-9055 邮箱：chenjy@csco.com.cn 公司具备证券投资咨询业务资格 证券研究报告 单位（%） 2409E 24E GDP（Q3E） CPI PPI 中美谈判启动带动市场乐观预期 [Table_ReportType] 宏观周报（5 月第 2 周） [Table_S 核心观点： ummary] 请务必阅读文后重要声明及免责条款 [Table_Industry] [Table_Title] [Table_Report] [Table_BaseData] 经济预测（一致预期） 工业增加值增速 固定投资增速 社消增速 出口增速 进口增速 M2 增速 社融增速 数据来源：万得资讯 1) 权益：上周市场放量上涨。关税动态方面，五一假期期间， 中美谈判现乐观预期，带动市场放量上涨。5 月 10 日，中美 经贸高层会谈开始在瑞士日内瓦开始举行，预计后续陆续取得 进展，但谈判进程预计较为缓慢，二季度关税对外需影响仍然 ...

Group 1: CPI and PPI Trends - April CPI year-on-year remained at -0.1%, with a month-on-month increase of 0.1%, up 0.5 percentage points from the previous value[1][11] - April PPI year-on-year decreased by 0.3 percentage points to -2.7%, with a month-on-month change of -0.4%[1][30] - The core CPI month-on-month increased by 0.2 percentage points to 0.2%, returning to seasonal levels after two months below seasonal averages[4][18] Group 2: Agricultural and Food Prices - April food CPI month-on-month turned positive, increasing by 1.6 percentage points to 0.2%, driven by improved demand for agricultural products[3][13] - Vegetable prices are expected to remain under pressure due to stable supply and increased demand, with a 6.9% decrease in average wholesale prices from May 1 to May 9 compared to April[3][13] - Pork prices showed a month-on-month increase of 2.8 percentage points to -1.6%, with expectations of recovery due to rising feed and meat prices[3][13] Group 3: Future Inflation Predictions - May CPI is expected to decrease by approximately -0.2% year-on-year, with a similar month-on-month decline anticipated[5][38] - May PPI is projected to show a slight month-on-month increase but a year-on-year decline, with overall prices expected to remain weak due to low international demand[5][39] - The overall average CPI for 2025 is forecasted to be in the range of 0%-1% year-on-year, while PPI is expected to average between -1% and 2%[5][39] Group 4: Market Dynamics and Risks - The core CPI recovery is attributed to demand for precious metal jewelry, indicating a shift in consumer spending patterns[4][18] - Risks include potential policy changes and unexpected fluctuations in commodity prices, which could impact inflation forecasts[5][44]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Positive" investment rating for the oil processing industry, consistent with the previous rating [1]. Core Insights - Oil prices have shown a rebound due to optimistic macroeconomic expectations and heightened geopolitical tensions, with Brent and WTI prices reaching $63.91 and $61.02 per barrel respectively as of May 9, 2025 [7][29]. - The OPEC+ group has accelerated production increases, adding 411,000 barrels per day, which has reinforced market expectations of oversupply [7]. - The report highlights the performance of the oil and petrochemical sector, with the sector rising by 0.95% compared to a 2.00% increase in the CSI 300 index [8]. Oil Price Overview - As of May 9, 2025, Brent crude futures settled at $63.91 per barrel, up $2.62 (+4.27%) from the previous week, while WTI crude futures rose to $61.02 per barrel, an increase of $2.73 (+4.68%) [29]. - The Urals crude price remained stable at $65.49 per barrel, while ESPO crude increased by $1.83 (+3.16%) to $59.68 per barrel [29]. Offshore Drilling Services - The number of global offshore self-elevating drilling platforms reached 383, an increase of 2 from the previous week, while floating drilling platforms decreased to 137, down by 2 [38]. U.S. Oil Supply - U.S. crude oil production was reported at 13.367 million barrels per day, a decrease of 98,000 barrels from the previous week [54]. - The number of active drilling rigs in the U.S. fell to 474, down by 5, and the number of fracturing fleets decreased to 195, down by 6 [54][46]. U.S. Oil Demand - U.S. refinery crude processing averaged 16.071 million barrels per day, a slight decrease of 7,000 barrels from the previous week, with a refinery utilization rate of 89.00%, up 0.4 percentage points [65]. U.S. Oil Inventory - Total U.S. crude oil inventories stood at 837 million barrels, a decrease of 1.452 million barrels (-0.17%) from the previous week [74]. - Strategic oil reserves increased by 580,000 barrels (+0.15%) to 399 million barrels, while commercial crude inventories decreased by 2.032 million barrels (-0.46%) to 438 million barrels [74]. Related Companies - Key companies mentioned include China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec), and China National Petroleum Corporation (PetroChina) [1].

今 日 早 评 重点品种： 【短评-黄金】美国总统特朗普巨额减税方案的立法工作将 于下周正式启动，尽管共和党内部仍存分歧，但至关重要的众 议院委员会将开始审议相关立法。共和党仍在激烈辩论重要的 细节，包括扩大州和地方税收抵免以及限制遗产税等内容。 评：避险情绪有所减弱，美元指数反弹，利空黄金。黄金下方 空间和上方空间均有限，黄金中期高位震荡略偏空思路为宜。 【短评-甲醇】江苏太仓甲醇市场价2380元/吨，下降42元/ 吨；甲醇开工92.17%，周上升2.45%；西北能源30万吨/年甲醇 装置预期本周检修结束；下游总产能利用率71.22%，周下降 0.82%；中国甲醇港口样本库存46.32万吨，周下降12.24万吨； 甲醇样本生产企业库存30.98万吨，周减少0.26万吨。评：成本 端煤炭价格预期偏弱，当前甲醇利润尚可，国内甲醇开工预期 高位运行，下游需求下降，本周外轮到港量预期环比增量，港 口甲醇库存或累库。内地甲醇部分市场走跌，企业竞拍成交一 般，港口甲醇市场基差偏强，整体商谈成交尚可。预计甲醇09 合约短期震荡运行，下方支撑2210一线，建议观望或回调短线 做多。 投资咨询中心 2025年05月09日 研 ...

Monetary Policy Measures - The central bank announced a comprehensive package of ten policy measures, including a 0.5 percentage point reduction in the reserve requirement ratio and a 0.1 percentage point cut in policy interest rates, along with a 0.25 percentage point decrease in the rates for structural monetary policy tools and provident fund loans [1][2] - The reduction in reserve requirements is expected to release 1 trillion yuan in liquidity, which will help alleviate the pressure on banks' liabilities and lower borrowing costs [1][3] Economic Context - The macroeconomic environment is characterized by external demand pressure, internal demand differentiation, and structural support, with the manufacturing PMI in April dropping to 49.0%, indicating weakening economic conditions [2][4] - The recent "reciprocal tariffs" imposed by the U.S. have significantly impacted global trade and China's export outlook, serving as a core trigger for the recent monetary policy easing [2][4] Market Implications - The dual reduction in reserve requirements and interest rates is expected to lead to a downward trend in funding rates, particularly benefiting short-term rates while long-term rates may face challenges due to pricing pressures [1][4] - The 10-year government bond yield is currently around 1.62%, with expectations that it could approach 1.5% as the market adjusts to the new monetary policy landscape [5] Future Outlook - The upcoming LPR quotation on May 20 will be crucial; a significant reduction in the 5-year and above LPR could open up trading opportunities in long-term bonds [5] - The government's new urbanization strategy is projected to create approximately 4 trillion yuan in investment demand, indicating ongoing fiscal support alongside monetary easing [2][3]

摘要 财通证券陈兴预计，4月投资累计增速或保持稳定。 他们预计，受季节性因素影响，4月金融数据将较上月回落，新增贷款预测均值为7764亿元、社会融资 总量预测均值为1.31万亿元，M2同比增速预测均值为7.3%。在调研中，经济学家们均表示，未来货币 政策将维持宽松状态。 兴业银行鲁政委认为，信贷方面，4月为信贷小月，信贷增速或继续与上月持平。 2025年4月30日，人民币对美元中间价为7.2014元。经济学家们预计，5月人民币对美元中间价可能会有 所上调，他们对到5月底人民币对美元中间价的预测均值为7.18，同时对年底人民币对美元中间价的平 均预期由上月的7.21上调至7.17。 2025年5月，第一财经研究院发布的"第一财经首席经济学家信心指数"为49.84，回落至50荣枯线以下。 经济学家们认为，受外需下行拖累，叠加关税政策前景不明朗，我国经济面临一定压力。 招商证券谢亚轩认为，外需缺口将推动国内政策加码，其中，需求侧主要着力于居民消费需 求，供给侧主要着力于为外贸企业纾困解难。 中国人民银行行长潘功胜5月7日在国新办举行的新闻发布会上表示，人民银行将加大宏观调控强度，推 出十项政策，进一步实施好适度宽松 ...

迪士尼(DIS.N)：将继续监测宏观经济发展。 ...

Macroeconomic Overview - The US GDP growth rate for Q1 2025 is -0.3%, below the expected -0.2% and significantly lower than the previous quarter's 2.5% [1] - Consumer spending, inventory changes, and fixed investment contributed positively to GDP growth, while government spending and net exports were negative factors [1] - Consumer prices increased while consumption volume decreased, with durable goods consumption affected by the seasonal decline in automotive sales, although service consumption remained resilient [1] - Residential investment growth rate declined year-on-year, while investment in computer equipment surged, boosting overall private fixed investment [1] - Wholesale inventory levels increased significantly, including upstream resources like oil and consumer goods such as furniture and clothing [1] - Trade deficit widened significantly due to increased imports of precious metals and chemicals, while mechanical and electronic imports also rose [1] Employment Data - The US added 177,000 jobs in April, exceeding the expected 138,000 [1] - The education and healthcare sectors showed the largest job growth, while transportation and warehousing sectors experienced increased demand due to trade policy uncertainties [1] - The labor participation rate increased, which may exert upward pressure on the unemployment rate, but the unemployment rate remained stable at 4.2% [1] Consumer Income and Spending - In March, US personal disposable income growth rate fell by 0.1 percentage points to 4.1%, while personal consumption expenditure growth rate also decreased by 0.1 percentage points to 5.6% [2] - The PCE price index year-on-year growth rate fell by 0.4 percentage points to 2.3%, and the core PCE growth rate decreased by 0.3 percentage points to 2.7% [2] Market Performance - For the week of April 28 to May 2, the S&P Oil & Gas Index rose by 1.39%, the Nasdaq 100 Index increased by 3.45%, and the S&P 500 Index grew by 2.92% [3] - Out of the 11 sectors covered by the S&P 500, 10 sectors saw gains, with the industrial sector leading at 4.32%, while the energy sector declined by 0.65% [3] Investment Direction - US stocks continued to rebound, with expectations around Trump's tariff policies impacting economic growth [5] - Stronger-than-expected non-farm payroll data indicates resilience in the US economy, alongside signs of easing in US-China trade tensions [5] - As of now, 71% of S&P 500 companies have reported Q1 earnings, with 69% exceeding expectations, slightly below the previous quarters' average of 75% [5] - Market expectations for interest rate cuts have decreased, with the probability of a May rate cut falling to 2% and potential cuts starting in July [5]

Summary of Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The macroeconomic environment is showing signs of moderate recovery despite external shocks, with a focus on the Chinese economy and its resilience amid external pressures [1][3]. Key Points and Arguments - **Market Performance**: On May 2, the market rose due to better-than-expected U.S. economic data, strong earnings from tech companies, and positive signals from U.S.-China trade negotiations, leading to a general increase in global risk appetite [1][2]. - **Chinese Economic Resilience**: China's economy demonstrated strong resilience, with a stable PMI and robust consumer data during the May Day holiday, indicating a solid internal demand despite external challenges [1][5]. - **Policy Support**: The Chinese government has ample policy tools to stabilize the market and expectations, with the central bank and regulatory bodies planning to introduce financial policies to counter external demand impacts [1][6]. - **Currency Improvement**: The RMB exchange rate improved significantly during the May Day holiday, dropping from around 7.26 to approximately 7.21, which supported overseas risk appetite and contributed to positive capital market performance [1][4]. - **Consumer Spending**: Domestic consumption data during the May Day holiday showed strong performance, with retail and catering sales exceeding those during last year's National Day and this year's Spring Festival, reflecting the resilience of internal demand [1][5]. - **External Demand Pressure**: Anticipated external demand pressures in Q2 will lead to the gradual introduction of structural countermeasures by China, with ongoing tariff issues affecting U.S.-China economic relations [1][6][9]. - **Future Economic Outlook**: By 2025, external demand shocks are expected to increase, but China's real estate fundamentals are nearing a bottom, which may sustain long-term capital interest [1][9]. - **Internal Demand as a Driver**: In Q3, if external disturbances stabilize, internal demand will become a more significant driver of growth, with a focus on structural upgrades in technology-related sectors [1][10]. Additional Important Insights - **Market Sentiment**: The recent rise in market sentiment is attributed to both external factors, such as the recovery of overseas risk appetite, and the stability of the domestic economy, supported by available policy space [2][3][11]. - **Future Policy Adjustments**: Financial and monetary policies are expected to be prioritized initially, with fiscal measures potentially introduced later to support the economy as pressures increase [1][8]. - **Monitoring Future Developments**: Attention should be paid to the potential for improved communication and negotiation between the U.S. and China in the latter half of the year, which could enhance market conditions [1][7].