来源：中国能源网 12月4日，第八届中国能源产业发展年会分论坛之一——2025中东能源投资论坛在京成功举办。 在以"新机遇、新挑战——投资中东能源"为主题的圆桌对话环节，圆桌对话主持人国际能源转型学会会 长、国际能源论坛（IEF）第四任驻会秘书长孙贤胜，与国际时事评论员、高级研究员艾那·唐根，中交 城市能源研究设计院有限公司总会计师陈可、安徽华晟新能源科技股份有限公司副总裁李鹏凯、上海氢 锐科技有限公司副总经理胡大麟围绕全球能源转型、中东能源投资机遇等展开热烈讨论。 以下为发言内容整理 国际能源转型学会会长、国际能源论坛（IEF）第四任驻会秘书长孙贤胜：中东能源投资机遇与风险并 存 全球能源转型加速，地缘政治格局动荡，中东作为传统的"世界油库"正站在历史性的十字路口。一方面 持续巩固其在碳氢化合物领域的优势，另一方面则大力开发可再生能源与未来产业，以实现经济多元 化。对全球投资者而言，这里既蕴含着巨大的机遇，也充满了复杂的挑战。 我们看到，当前全球能源体系正处于历史性的"十字路口"，而中东地区作为全球油气供应的核心枢纽， 也正处于能源变革的前沿阵地，其能源投资的战略逻辑、业态模式以及风险挑战正在经历深刻重构。 ...

上游资源：煤价环比回落，工业金属价格上涨。 1 ）煤炭： 煤价环比 -2.2% ，尽管供给仍偏紧，但需求端短期难有明显超预期空间，煤价回吐部分涨幅 ； 2 ）有色： 降息预期升温，工业金属价格上涨。 报告导读： 中观景气延续分化的增长格局，新兴科技景气仍强，高性能存储价格延续快速 上涨，游戏供给偏宽松；服务消费景气明显提升，地产周期和耐用品需求仍承压。 服务消费景气提升，科技硬件延续涨价。 上周（ 11.24-11.30 ）中观景气表现分化，值得关注： 1 ）内需景气线索有所增多，冰雪出行和电影市场景气度 显著提升，或反映地产和耐用品消费收缩之余，"吃喝玩乐"相关的服务型和大众品消费复苏趋势持续显现。 2 ）新兴科技行业延续高景气，但短期 AI 泡沫叙 事影响下， TMT 硬件景气增长的持续性有赖于 AI 应用取得积极进展。后续重点关注 AI 应用商业化进展。 3 ）建工需求偏弱，内需资源品大多偏弱震荡， 海外降息预期再度升温，国际金属价格大幅上涨；受铁矿增产影响，干散运价格环比延续提升。 下游消费：服务消费景气显著提升，地产耐用品仍承压。 1 ）服务消费： 国内冰雪游景气度显著提升，根据同程旅行，广州 - ...

Core Viewpoint - The economic growth target for 2026 is likely to be set around 5%, but due to insufficient demand and investment constraints, the projected GDP growth rate is estimated at 4.8% under a neutral assumption [3][4]. Group 1: Positive Factors Supporting Economic Recovery - The first positive factor is the tactical easing of the US-China trade tensions, which is expected to provide resilience for exports in 2026, particularly as the US approaches its midterm elections [4]. - The second factor is the early implementation of major projects in the first year of the 14th Five-Year Plan, with infrastructure investment expected to be a primary driver [4]. - The third factor involves the delayed effects of policy deployments from the end of this year, which are anticipated to manifest in early 2026, particularly in fiscal policy [5]. - The fourth factor is the ongoing effects of anti-involution governance, which may lead to a moderate recovery in PPI and CPI [6]. - The fifth factor is the demand potential from the new urbanization initiative, which is expected to release significant consumption and investment opportunities [6]. Group 2: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Directions - Fiscal policy is expected to play a supportive role, with a proposed increase in the deficit ratio to 4.5%-5% for 2026, and a broad deficit scale exceeding 16 trillion [7]. - In terms of monetary policy, a supportive stance is anticipated, with expectations for one interest rate cut and 1-2 reserve requirement ratio reductions in 2026 [8].

日本加息对全球市场有何影响？20251202 摘要 日本央行加息预期引发市场波动，与此前预期新首相上台后延续宽松政 策不同，当前预期基于日本最新数据和通胀指标，显示宽松政策难以为 继，导致市场调整并转向加息预期。 PMI 数据显示企业主动去库存，11 月外需回升但生产端偏弱，企业为避 免亏损缩减生产和采购，用现有库存满足需求。此举短期增加经济压力， 但中长期有助于重启库存周期，或在明年下半年改善供需关系并推动 PPI 回升。 2025 年 A 股流动性充裕，企业存款活化显著，活期存款占比提升。财 政发债增加企业现金流，反内卷和贸易战导致制造业投资下滑，资金流 入股市，风险偏好上升亦促使企业资金入市，预计该趋势在 2026 年上 半年持续。 当前债券市场表现不佳，但央行关注价格而非数量，下半年利率区间维 持在 1.3%-1.5%。降息可能要等到 2026 年，目前不宜看空债券市场， 关注中央经济工作会议是否带来超预期政策调整。 Q&A 日本央行加息预期对全球市场产生了哪些影响？ 日本央行加息预期对全球市场产生了显著影响。首先，日元套息交易的反转导 致投资者卖出高息资产，回流日元，这直接推动了全球债券市场利率上行 ...

债券类投资的主要配置与交易力量来自专业机构投资者，包括银行、基金、保险等，其中银行是核心力 量，其资金结构与股票投资存在较大差异，这也导致股债两类资产的定价方式有明显不同。就像大家常 调侃的，股票资产的走势并不太依赖经济基本面的实际运行，但债券资产却比较看重经济的实际表现以 及对未来基本面的判断，这里给大家同步一下最新的10月经济数据情况。 地产投资与大家的感受一致，地产开发投资及销售情况均未达预期。10月商品房销售面积与销售额同比 增速进一步下滑，对应的房企资金及房地产投资增速也同步回落。消费是今年的亮点领域，这得益于去 年以来实施的消费补贴政策，但想必大家都有感受——由于与生活息息相关，消费补贴正在退坡，这与 年末部分地区资金使用情况有关。我们之前也讨论过，除了消费补贴退坡，部分产品（如手机、消费电 子、摄影器材等）经过去年至今的更新周期，用户的更新需求已基本释放，因此数据显示消费延续偏弱 走势。 从分类数据来看，金银珠宝是一大亮点。受传统文化习俗影响，国人对黄金珠宝的喜爱度较高，因此尽 管金价上涨，黄金消费品的增速依然表现亮眼。而家电品类，自去年开始享受补贴后，8-10月增速逐步 下行，10月同比增速转 ...

Group 1: AI Bubble Discussion - The consensus among experts is that AI represents a significant bubble, with comparisons made to the 2000 internet bubble, suggesting that the current situation may be even worse [4][10][83] - Despite the recognition of the AI bubble, investment in AI is deemed necessary due to its high market concentration, particularly in the U.S. stock market [24][74][84] - Concerns are raised about the sustainability of AI investments, likening them to past infrastructure investments in China that did not yield sufficient cash flow returns [15][81][82] Group 2: Investment Opportunities - There is a strong recommendation for investing in commodities and mining stocks, which have outperformed AI stocks this year, with gold and silver prices rising approximately 60% and 80% respectively [30][31][95] - The focus is also on non-U.S. value stocks and dividend-paying stocks, which have shown resilience and better returns compared to tech stocks [30][31][41] - The concept of "flowers blooming in winter" is introduced, highlighting companies that maintain profitability even in downturns, suggesting they are good investment opportunities [34][70][89] Group 3: Gold and Precious Metals - Gold has been highlighted as a crucial part of investment portfolios, with a significant increase in its price reflecting concerns over fiat currency, particularly the U.S. dollar [48][95][102] - Recent actions by central banks, such as Russia selling gold, are seen as warning signs for the gold market, indicating potential overvaluation [52][63][100] - The long-term narrative for gold remains strong, but caution is advised regarding current price levels, as they may not be sustainable [50][56][102] Group 4: Asset Allocation Strategies - A "barbell strategy" is recommended, balancing investments between dividend-paying stocks (beta assets) and productivity-related assets (alpha assets) [37][66][92] - Investors are encouraged to focus on low PE and PB stocks that exhibit defensive characteristics and potential for growth during economic downturns [32][70][89] - The importance of diversifying investments to avoid the risks associated with concentrated positions in high-flying sectors like AI is emphasized [71][74][96]

东莞证券表示，低估值与盈利稳定双轮驱动的红利高股息资产迎来估值重塑。当前政策不断引导上市公司加大增持回购分红力度，强化投资 者回报；同时在地缘政治紧张等不确定性环境下，红利高股息资产的确定性溢价提升。此外，低利率环境放大了其"类债"吸引力。因此，兼 具"低估值"与"盈利稳定"特性的红利高股息资产配置价值凸显，建议关注金融、有色金属、公用事业和交通运输等行业。 成分股方面，银行、保险、石化等板块部分个股涨幅居前。截至发稿，中国石化大涨超2%，中国人保、南京银行、中国太保等多股跟涨超 1%；下跌方面，航运、基建板块部分个股表现不佳，招商轮船跌超9%，潞安环能、中国电建等跌超1%，拖累板块走势。 | 14 54 | 15分 30分 | ୧୦સ | 盘前盘后 叠加 九转 圆线 工具 < 2 | 2日 | 510030 | Ed | 14:13 价 | 1.092 | 夫 -0.002(-0.18%) 均价 1.093 成交量 0 IOPV | -0.002 -0.18% | | | | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- ...

Economic Growth Outlook - The GDP growth target for China in 2026 is expected to remain around 5%[4] - The contribution of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth is projected to be 53.5% in 2025, up from 44.5% in 2024[26] - The anticipated growth rate of social retail sales is around 4% in 2026, with final consumption expenditure growth expected to exceed 5%[51] Export Performance - China's export share is projected to continue its upward trend, with an expected growth rate of 4-5% in 2026[21] - As of July 2025, China's export share reached 15.1%, up from 14.9% in 2024, indicating strong global competitiveness[14] Investment Stability - Real estate investment is expected to stabilize, with a projected decline of around 10.2% in 2026, a significant improvement from previous years[55] - Infrastructure investment growth is anticipated to rebound significantly in 2026, supported by new policy tools and long-term special bonds[74] Inflation and Price Trends - CPI is expected to rise to around 0.6% in 2026, driven by food prices, while PPI is projected to recover from a decline of -2.8% in 2025[95][116] - The core CPI is expected to maintain a higher level of around 0.8-1% in 2026, reflecting improved consumer confidence and spending[110] Fiscal Policy Outlook - The narrow deficit ratio is projected to increase to 4-4.3% in 2026, with a special bond issuance of approximately 1.5 trillion yuan[127] - New local special bonds are expected to be in the range of 5-5.5 trillion yuan, marking an increase from 2025[128]

Economic Outlook - China is expected to maintain an economic growth target of around 5% for 2026, consistent with 2025, reflecting the central government's focus on stabilizing growth and promoting recovery [1] Consumption - From January to October 2025, total retail sales of consumer goods reached 41.2 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 4.3%, showing a slowdown from a peak of 5% in May [2] - The job market is showing signs of recovery, with the urban unemployment rate dropping to 5.10% in October 2025, and is expected to approach 5.0% [2] - The retail sales growth for 2026 is projected to be around 4.20%, indicating a moderate recovery despite structural pressures [2] Investment - Fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) from January to October 2025 was 408.914 billion yuan, down 1.7% year-on-year, primarily due to a significant decline in infrastructure and real estate investment [3] - Infrastructure investment is expected to rebound significantly in 2026, with a projected growth rate of approximately 5.50% [3] - Manufacturing investment is anticipated to recover to a growth rate of around 5.55% in 2026, supported by improved capacity utilization [3] Real Estate - Real estate investment is at a historical low, slightly above levels during the public health crisis, primarily due to weak sales [4] - The year-on-year growth rate of housing prices is showing signs of marginal recovery, with new residential prices down 2.60% and second-hand prices down 5.40% in October 2025 [4] - The decline in real estate investment is expected to narrow to -10.65% in 2026 [4] Exports - Total exports from January to October 2025 reached 221.146 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 6.2%, despite uncertainties from U.S. tariff policies [5] - Exports to non-U.S. regions have shown strong growth, with significant increases to Africa (26.10%), the EU (7.50%), ASEAN (14.30%), and India (12.30%) [6] - The global economic recovery and potential easing of tariffs are expected to provide a more stable environment for exports in 2026 [5][6] Prices - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 0.2% year-on-year in October 2025, while the Producer Price Index (PPI) fell by 2.1% [7] - Both CPI and PPI are expected to improve, with PPI potentially turning positive in the first half of 2026 [7] Fiscal and Monetary Policy - Fiscal policy is expected to remain proactive, with a projected deficit rate increase from 4% to 4.5% in 2026, alongside an increase in special bond issuance [8] - Monetary policy is anticipated to remain moderately loose, with potential interest rate cuts of 10-20 basis points in 2026 [8] Overall Economic Assessment - The Chinese economy is projected to achieve around 5% growth in 2026, supported by policy measures, external demand recovery, and improving price levels [9]

Core Viewpoint - The macroeconomic outlook for 2026 suggests a positive start for China's economy, with a focus on technological self-reliance and new productivity cultivation, supported by resilient external demand and domestic fiscal policies aimed at boosting consumption and investment [3][5][6]. Economic Outlook - The GDP growth rate for 2026 is projected to be around 4.8%, with expectations of a strong start to the "15th Five-Year Plan" [6][7]. - Industrial growth is expected to remain stable, with a focus on high-tech industries and a supportive policy environment [7][8]. - The service sector is anticipated to benefit from improved industrial production and consumer spending recovery [8]. Consumption - The nominal growth rate of retail sales is expected to be 4.1% in 2026, driven by policies promoting consumption upgrades and the gradual lifting of restrictive measures [10][12]. - The "old-for-new" consumption policy is likely to continue, focusing on sectors such as elderly care and health [12][13]. - The easing of restrictions in the automotive and housing sectors is expected to support consumer demand [13][15]. Investment - Fixed asset investment growth is projected at 2.5% for 2026, with manufacturing and broad infrastructure investments expected to drive growth [17][18]. - Manufacturing investment is anticipated to grow by 6.5%, supported by large-scale equipment updates and favorable export conditions [18][19]. - Broad infrastructure investment is also expected to grow by 6.5%, driven by new policy financial tools and local government initiatives [21][22]. Trade and Exports - Export growth is projected at 4.7% for 2026, supported by global fiscal expansion and China's efforts to penetrate non-US markets [29][30]. - The trade surplus is expected to maintain a high level, with a growth rate of 13.1% [29][30]. - China's exports to non-US markets are likely to continue to grow, aided by investments and trade cycles [33][34].