证券研究报告 | 固定收益研究*周报 2025 年 07 月 08 日 固定收益研究 债市周观察（6.30-7.6）——"反内卷"和"供给侧改革 2.0"成 热门话题 上周，资金面跨季后回归充裕，DR007 中枢进一步下移至 1.42%附近，但 宽松流动性未能有效传导至债市利率，没有货币政策触发因素下，收益率 难以继续下台阶，债市延续窄幅波动。6 月初以来市场就开始博弈可能会 重启买卖国债，且对 7 月打开降息窗口也有一定猜测，临近季末，央行通 过延迟公布买卖国债数据和二季度货币政策例会通稿删除"择机降准降 息"表述的方式，释放信号瓦解了市场一致预期。7 月 2 日，央行公布 6 月中央银行各项工具流动性投放情况，当月重启买卖国债预期完全落空。 另外，6 月 30 日，国家统计局公布了当月 PMI 数据，制造业 PMI 为 49.7%，前值为 49.5%，仍处于收缩区间，对债市影响不大。 7 月 1 日召开中央财经委员会第六次会议，会议中释放出"反内卷"的信 号，强调"要聚焦重点难点，依法依规治理企业低价无序竞争，引导企业 提升产品品质，推动落后产能有序退出"。会议引发对"供给侧改革 2.0" 的政策导向预期 ...

Report Information - Report Title: Weekly Report on Capital Flows of Exchange-Traded Index Funds [1] - Data Date: June 30, 2025 - July 4, 2025 [1] - Analyst: Jin Ling [1] - Report Date: July 8, 2025 [1] Core Content Domestic Passive Stock Funds - **Composite and Industry Themes**: Different concepts have varying fund sizes, weekly price changes, and net weekly capital inflows. For example, the SSE 50 has a fund size of 159.456 billion yuan, a weekly increase of 1.41%, and a net weekly capital outflow of 2.765 billion yuan; the large technology concept has a fund size of 216.688 billion yuan, a weekly decrease of 0.32%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 6.066 billion yuan [4]. - **Style Strategies and Other Categories**: Similar to the above, different concepts show different performance. For instance, the dividend low - volatility concept has a fund size of 43.535 billion yuan, a weekly increase of 1.82%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 1.419 billion yuan [4]. Overseas - Related Funds - **Composite and Industry Themes**: Concepts like the Nasdaq 100 have a fund size of 78.421 billion yuan, a weekly increase of 1.04%, and a net weekly capital outflow of 0.032 billion yuan; the Hong Kong stock technology concept has a fund size of 92.609 billion yuan, a weekly decrease of 2.43%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 2.88 billion yuan [5]. - **Style Strategies**: The dividend concept has a fund size of 126.9 million yuan, a weekly increase of 0.99%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 0.0016 billion yuan; the dividend low - volatility concept has a fund size of 77.7 million yuan, a weekly increase of 1.26%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 0.00154 billion yuan [5]. Other Investment Types - **Bonds**: Different maturities and types of bonds have different performances. For example, 30 - year bonds have a fund size of 8.969 billion yuan, a weekly increase of 0.18%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 0.0257 billion yuan; convertible bonds have a fund size of 43.859 billion yuan, a weekly increase of 1.05%, and a net weekly capital outflow of 0.0098 billion yuan [6]. - **Commodities**: Gold has a fund size of 70.887 billion yuan, a weekly increase of 1.13%, and a net weekly capital inflow of 2.252 billion yuan; energy and chemical products have a fund size of 293 million yuan, a weekly decrease of 0.37%, and a net weekly capital outflow of 0.0093 billion yuan [6]. - **Index Enhancement**: Different index - related concepts also show different trends. For example, the SSE 50 index - enhanced concept has a fund size of 76 million yuan, a weekly increase of 2.55%, and no net weekly capital inflow or outflow [6].

Group 1: Economic Theory and Models - The Ricardian equivalence theory is increasingly evident in China, where rising government deficit rates reduce residents' marginal propensity to consume[1] - The RBC model is utilized to simulate the impact of fiscal spending on household consumption and consumption propensity[1] - Labor supply elasticity is identified as a key factor influencing changes in household consumption propensity, with values of -0.12 and 0.8 showing that higher elasticity leads to lower consumption propensity and fiscal multipliers[1] Group 2: Fiscal Spending and Consumption Relationship - Fiscal spending has a crowding-out effect on household consumption, with an average APC of 41% since the reform and a tax rate (τ) of 19.76%, indicating that a 1% increase in τ results in a 1.53% decrease in consumption[1] - In scenarios where private consumption propensity declines, increased fiscal spending is recommended to stabilize consumption levels[1] - The relationship between fiscal spending (τ) and APC indicates that if APC decreases, fiscal spending must increase to maintain consumption levels[1] Group 3: Implications of Government Debt - Concerns over high government debt can lead to reduced consumption as residents anticipate future tax increases to balance fiscal requirements[1] - The sustainability of fiscal policy is crucial; unsustainable debt levels can lead to reduced consumer spending and economic growth potential[1] - Investment growth can suppress overall consumption levels, highlighting the balance needed between investment and consumption[1] Group 4: Simulation Results - The RBC model simulations show that increased government purchases lead to higher output but also result in decreased household consumption due to increased taxation[1] - Higher labor supply elasticity results in a faster decline in household consumption propensity following fiscal shocks, indicating a smaller fiscal multiplier[1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report indicates that major domestic stock indices have risen across the board, with the CSI 300, SSE 50, and SSE Composite Index showing increases of 1.54%, 1.21%, and 1.40% respectively, while mid and small-cap indices like the CSI 500, CSI 1000, and ChiNext Index increased by 0.81%, 0.56%, and 1.50% respectively [1][8] - The report highlights that the comprehensive ETF trading volume was 51.026 billion yuan, a decrease of 23.162 billion yuan from the previous week, with large-cap style ETFs accounting for 27.178 billion yuan and small-cap style ETFs for 24.225 billion yuan [1][27] - The average weekly return of 32 thematic ETFs was 0.98%, with large-cap style ETFs averaging 1.32% and small-cap style ETFs averaging 0.73% [2][28] Group 2 - The report identifies the top-performing comprehensive ETFs, with the top three being the Shen 100 ETF, ChiNext 50, and 300 ETF, which had returns of 1.99%, 1.79%, and 1.79% respectively, while the bottom three were the Double Innovation 50 ETF, 1000 ETF, and 500 ETF, with returns of 0.55%, 0.71%, and 0.90% [3][33] - In the thematic ETF sector, the steel ETF, bank ETF, and biomedicine ETF were the top performers with returns of 5.41%, 3.74%, and 3.03% respectively, while the bottom performers included the chip ETF, semiconductor ETF, and semiconductor 50 ETF, with returns of -1.40%, -1.06%, and -1.05% [3][33] - The report notes that there was a significant inflow of funds into the brokerage and military industry sectors, while the semiconductor sector continued to see inflows as investors looked to buy at lower prices [3][33] Group 3 - The report provides a detailed analysis of the trading activity of domestic stock ETFs, indicating that the trading volume of comprehensive ETFs was 51.026 billion yuan, with a notable decrease in trading activity compared to the previous week [27][28] - The report also tracks the market performance of various sectors, indicating that the financial, cyclical, consumer, growth, and stability style indices had weekly changes of 1.86%, 1.16%, 1.64%, 0.91%, and 0.92% respectively [1][8] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring the trading activity and fund flows in ETFs as indicators of market sentiment and potential investment opportunities [24][25]

证券研究报告 | 行业周报 2025 年 07 月 08 日 -7% 4% 16% 28% 39% 51% 62% 74% 2024-07 2024-11 2025-03 2025-07 非银行金融 沪深300 作者 分析师刘文强 非银行金融 持续关注宏大叙事效应，把握好非银金融板块节奏-非银周观点 从近期市场交易定价看，公募考核新规基准回补效应持续引发市场关注，市 场量能有所放大，银行、保险板块高位波动向上突破，券商、多元金融板块 波动走强。我们判断，7 月后国内外大事将迎来密集交织期，宏大叙事或是 决定市场可能进一步走强的关键因素。短期来看，包括国泰君安国际获得稳 定币相关牌照，引发市场广泛关注。市场成交量近期有所回升，或对证券板 块定价吸引力提升。交易节奏而言，市场可能要阶段性聚焦内部问题，具体 或要看包括 7 月份的政治局会议定调，以及 4 中全会等重磅会议。并购线建 议重点关注以信达证券、首创证券、浙商证券、国联民生、中国银河等为代 表个股；具有估值扩张空间的公司，推荐关注综合能力强、风险资本指标优 化、受益 ETF 发展的华泰证券、中金公司等；同时从赔率弹性角度，建议逢 低关注布局金融 IT 板块 ...

Investment Rating - The report assigns a "Buy" rating to several companies, including Changan Automobile, Asia-Pacific Holdings, and Haon Electric, while maintaining an "Overweight" rating for the overall automotive industry [1][4]. Core Insights - The automotive sector experienced a slight increase of 0.1% from June 30 to July 4, 2025, underperforming the CSI 300 index by 1.44 percentage points. The passenger vehicle segment rose by 0.43%, while commercial vehicles increased by 1.49% [9][36]. - Heavy-duty truck sales in June 2025 exceeded expectations, with a year-on-year increase of 32% and a month-on-month increase of 6%. Approximately 94,000 units were sold, with major manufacturers like China National Heavy Duty Truck and Dongfeng showing significant growth [2][36]. - The report highlights the launch of the Xiaopeng G7, the first AI car with L3-level computing power, priced between 195,800 and 225,800 yuan, showcasing advanced technology features [5][36]. Summary by Sections Market Review - The automotive sector's performance from June 30 to July 4, 2025, showed a 0.1% increase, with various segments performing differently against the CSI 300 index [9][36]. - The overall PE-TTM for the automotive industry was 25.95, reflecting a slight increase from the previous week [10][36]. Major Company and Industry Events - Heavy-duty truck sales in June reached approximately 94,000 units, with significant contributions from major manufacturers [2][36]. - Xiaopeng G7 was officially launched, marking a significant advancement in AI automotive technology [5][36]. New Vehicle Launches - A total of 33 new models were launched during the week, including the Xiaopeng G7 and various updated versions of existing models [34][36]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests a cautious approach to investment in the automotive sector, given the mixed performance of different segments and the overall market conditions [36].

Investment Rating - The industry rating is "Outperform the Market" [3] Core Viewpoints - The strategic transformation of China Resources from "holding integration" to "ecological leadership" is highlighted, focusing on the integration of research and development capabilities with channel strengths in the medical beauty sector [1][5] - The partnership between Shanghai Haohai Biological Technology Co., Ltd. and China Resources Pharmaceutical Group aims to explore new opportunities in the Chinese medical beauty industry by leveraging their combined strengths [1][2] Summary by Sections Industry Dynamics - The report discusses the shift in China Resources' strategy since 2018, moving from traditional acquisitions to a dual-driven model of "capital + industry," emphasizing ecological integration and reducing purely financial mergers [1][5] - The collaboration with Haohai Biological is positioned as a significant step in establishing a closed-loop ecosystem in the medical beauty field, integrating technology research, clinical transformation, and market promotion [5] Company Analysis - Haohai Biological is recognized for its strong R&D and production capabilities, particularly in hyaluronic acid products, and has established a leading position in various medical fields including ophthalmology and aesthetic medicine [2][6] - The company has successfully launched innovative products, such as the fourth-generation organic cross-linked hyaluronic acid, which is the only one in China using lysine as a cross-linking agent [6] Market Positioning - Haohai Biological has built long-term relationships with thousands of hospitals and medical beauty chains across China, while China Resources has a vast distribution network covering over 28 provinces and municipalities, enhancing market penetration and operational efficiency [7] - The report suggests that the collaboration will accelerate the clinical value transformation of Haohai's core products and improve sales efficiency [7] Investment Recommendations - The report recommends focusing on companies within the China Resources ecosystem that are expected to show improved performance in the upcoming interim reports, as well as those benefiting from state-owned enterprise reforms [7]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for Guodian Power and a "Hold" rating for Longyuan Power and Chuanwei Energy, with expected EPS for 2025E at 0.42, 0.79, and 1.05 respectively [1][6]. Core Views - The report highlights a 4.4% year-on-year increase in national electricity consumption in May 2025, with total consumption reaching 809.6 billion kWh [3][33]. - The report notes that the public utility sector index has seen a slight increase of 0.09% during the week of June 23-29, 2025, ranking 28th among 31 sectors [2][9]. - The report emphasizes the importance of new energy policies, which are expected to stabilize expected returns and improve existing projects, while also increasing the scale of new projects [6][38]. Summary by Sections Market Performance - The public utility sector index PE (TTM) is at 17.04, slightly down from 17.09 the previous week, and down from 18.16 a year ago [1][20]. - The sector's PB remains stable at 1.71, unchanged from the previous week and down from 1.89 a year ago [1][23]. - The report indicates that the sector's performance is lagging behind major indices, with a 1.82 percentage point deficit compared to the Shanghai Composite Index [2][9]. Industry Dynamics - The National Energy Administration reported a total installed power generation capacity of 3.61 billion kW by the end of May 2025, marking an 18.8% year-on-year increase [33][34]. - The report details that the average utilization hours for power generation equipment have decreased by 132 hours compared to the previous year [34]. - New pricing mechanisms for electricity in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia are introduced, with competitive bidding ranges set for new projects [35][38]. Key Data Tracking - As of June 30, 2025, the price of Shanxi mixed coal (5500) is reported at 615 RMB/ton, with a week-on-week change of 0.82% [40]. - The report tracks green certificate trading, with a total of 88.16 and 82.35 thousand transactions for wind and solar power respectively during the week of June 23-29, 2025 [41][44]. - The report also notes the CEA trading volumes for the week, with a total of 138.6 thousand tons traded on June 27, 2025, at an average price of 74.96 RMB/ton [46][48].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report - The central bank has been actively guiding the market's reasonable expectations through various measures to prevent the strengthening of unilateral consensus expectations in the bond market [1]. - Timely guidance by the central bank is crucial to prevent systemic risks, address domestic interest - rate constraints, and drive funds to flow from the bond market to the stock market [3]. - Preventing strong unilateral consensus expectations can control the rapid decline of interest rates, maintain the steepness of the interest - rate curve, and promote economic recovery [4]. 3. Summary by Related Content Central Bank's Measures to Guide Expectations - Last year, the central bank issued documents, conducted window - guidance on rural commercial banks, and prohibited some market participants from buying long - term bonds. It also约谈ed aggressive financial institutions and issued heavy fines for bond - market violations [1]. - In early January this year, the central bank influenced the market through marginal changes in liquidity operations, and the Financial Times warned against over - interpreting monetary easing. In the first quarter, the central bank maintained a tight balance of funds, leading to a rise in short - term bond yields and then long - term yields, breaking the consensus expectation formed since last quarter [2]. - In June this year, the central bank did not publish the monthly treasury bond trading data on June 30 and removed the wording of "choosing the opportunity to cut reserve requirements and interest rates" in the second - quarter regular meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee, effectively interfering with the consensus expectation of breaking through the previous low [6]. Significance of Central Bank's Guidance - To prevent the rapid decline of interest rates from triggering systemic risks, such as the liquidity trap in Japan in the 1990s. For example, the rapid decline of the 10 - year treasury bond rate from around 2.1% to 1.6% last quarter needed timely correction [3]. - There are many constraints in the downward path of domestic interest rates, including pressure on bank net interest margins and liability sides, and the need to maintain the stability of the RMB exchange rate to avoid excessive capital outflows [3]. - The central bank may aim to drive funds from the bond market to the stock market, especially under the strategy of developing new - quality productive forces, to support the financing of technology companies [3]. Current Bond Market Situation - Since early May this year, the 10 - year treasury bond has been fluctuating around 1.65% - 1.70%. Without a new comprehensive interest - rate cut, the bond market has not reached a new low. The market has been speculating about restarting treasury bond trading and opening an interest - rate cut window in July [5][6].

Investment Rating - The report maintains an investment rating of "Outperform" for the industry [3]. Core Insights - The launch of Tesla's Robotaxi marks a significant step towards the commercialization of autonomous ride-hailing services, with plans to expand the fleet to thousands of vehicles within months [22][39]. - Major advancements in quantum computing have been achieved, particularly with Microsoft's introduction of the 4D topological quantum error correction code, which significantly enhances error rates and operational efficiency [40][41]. Summary by Sections Robotaxi Launch - Tesla's Robotaxi was officially launched in Austin, Texas, with an initial deployment of about 10 vehicles, limited to invited users and specific operational areas [22][24]. - The Robotaxi utilizes the next-generation Full Self-Driving (FSD) system, which has a model parameter volume 4.5 times larger than the current version, and is expected to be fully operational later this year [24][25]. - The FSD system is designed to operate without pre-learning routes and is capable of point-to-point travel, with a fixed fare of $4.2 for rides [39]. Quantum Computing Breakthrough - Microsoft announced a significant breakthrough in quantum computing with the 4D topological quantum error correction code, which improves encoding efficiency and reduces error rates by 1000 times compared to 2D codes [40][41]. - This new technology will be integrated into Microsoft's Azure Quantum platform, enhancing research and development capabilities in various fields [40][41]. - The 4D topological code requires fewer physical qubits for each logical qubit, thus paving the way for more efficient quantum computing hardware [41]. Market Predictions - Frost & Sullivan predicts that the Robotaxi market will begin large-scale commercialization by 2026, with a projected market size of approximately 500 billion yuan in China by 2030 [39]. - The quantum computing market is expected to grow significantly, with IDC forecasting sales to reach $7.6 billion by 2027, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 48.1% from $1.1 billion in 2022 [40].