石油石化 2025 年 12 月 10 日 传统能源行业 2026 年年度策略报告 周期新启，攻守兼备 强于大市（维持） 行情走势图 -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 25-01 25-02 25-03 25-04 25-05 25-06 25-07 25-08 25-09 25-10 25-11 25-12 沪深300 石油石化 煤炭 证券分析师 | 陈潇榕 | 投资咨询资格编号 | | --- | --- | | | S1060523110001 | | | chenxiaorong186@pingan.com.cn | 马书蕾 投资咨询资格编号 S1060524070002 mashulei362@pingan.com.cn 平安观点： 行 业 报 告 行 业 年 度 策 略 报 告 证 券 研 究 报 告 图表1 主要大宗商品和金融资产价格涨跌幅 图表2 原油、天然气、煤炭价格走势(美元/百万英热) 资料来源： wind ，钢联数据，平安证券研究所，注：数据截至 2025.11.20 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 10 11 12 13 ...

Group 1 - The banking industry in 2026 will face a mixed external environment with strong macroeconomic resilience but insufficient effective demand, leading to continued moderate monetary policy and challenges in asset allocation due to a low interest rate environment [4][10] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of a financial powerhouse, urging banks to leverage their resource endowments and deepen their strategic initiatives over the next five years [4][10][22] - The overall financial performance of listed banks is expected to improve in 2026, driven by the recovery of net interest income and non-interest income, with a projected net profit growth of 2.4% year-on-year [4][27] Group 2 - The net interest margin is expected to narrow by 6 basis points in 2026, with net interest income growth projected to rise to 4% compared to 0.3% in 2025 [4][27] - Non-interest income is anticipated to continue improving due to the recovery of wealth management opportunities and the fading impact of fee reductions from previous years [4][27] - The overall asset quality of the banking sector is expected to remain stable, with a focus on monitoring risks in the retail sector [4][27] Group 3 - The investment strategy emphasizes high dividend yields as a protective measure, with the banking sector's average dividend yield at 3.94%, providing a significant premium over ten-year government bonds [4][27] - Specific banks such as Chengdu Bank, Jiangsu Bank, and Shanghai Bank are highlighted for their strong regional advantages and potential for continued dividend growth [4][27][34] - The report suggests that the active capital market will provide a potential boost to quality retail banks, enhancing their recovery prospects [4][27]

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints - In 2025, the CSI Cash Flow Index performed excellently, with an excess return of 11.2% compared to the CSI Dividend Index as of the end of November, mainly coming from the second half of the year. The index can stably outperform the CSI Dividend Index in the long - term, and its relative excess return does not depend on the dominance of growth or value styles [5][8]. - The adjustment of constituent stocks contributed good returns to the index. The high - frequency and high - proportion adjustment of constituent stocks in the past year has brought good performance, especially the 49 stocks included on June 16, with an average return of 27.1% in 90 days after inclusion, much higher than the 11.9% of the excluded stocks. The index also showed significant industry timing ability [5][15]. - The industry rotation strategy based on the industry distribution of the CSI Cash Flow Index had an annualized return of 12.8% and an annualized excess return of 1.9% since 2014. The index's industry allocation ability can bring significant excess returns in the value - dominant style, but the excess return is prone to large drawdowns in the growth - dominant style [5][20]. Summary by Directory 2025 CSI Cash Flow Index Performed Excellently - At the beginning of 2025, free - cash - flow index funds became a hot topic in the market. As of November 30, 59 new cash - flow index funds were issued, tracking multiple cash - flow - related indexes. The cash - flow index was questioned due to high - frequency constituent stock updates, over - fitting risks, and opaque historical data. From January to February, it significantly underperformed the dividend index, causing doubts about its excess - return stability [8]. - As of the end of November 2025, the excess return of the CSI Cash Flow Index compared to the CSI Dividend Index reached 11.2%, mainly from the second half of the year. In the first half, it underperformed by 2.5 percentage points, but from mid - July, it significantly outperformed, with a cumulative excess return of 14.1% in the second half [5][8]. - At the beginning of the value - to - growth style switch, the cash - flow index is prone to underperform the dividend index, which is in line with historical rules. During the value - to - growth style switch starting from September 2024, the CSI Cash Flow Index underperformed the CSI Dividend Index by 7.2 percentage points from November 13, 2024, to April 8, 2025 [11]. - The cash - flow index performed well both when the market rose significantly and the growth style dominated from July to September, and when the market adjusted and the value style dominated from October to November. Since July, it has achieved significant excess returns compared to the dividend index [12]. Component Stock Adjustment Contributed Good Returns to the Index - The CSI Cash Flow Index has a high - frequency and often high - proportion adjustment of constituent stocks. In the past year, the adjustment of constituent stocks contributed good returns. The index conducts quarterly adjustments in March, June, September, and December. In 2025Q3, 2025Q2, 2025Q1, and 2024Q4, the number of changed constituent stocks was 39, 49, 8, and 44 respectively. Except for the 8 stocks included on March 17, the average return of included stocks was higher than that of excluded stocks in other adjustments [15]. - In June, the index significantly increased its holdings in non - ferrous metals, power equipment and new energy, and machinery industries, showing significant industry timing ability. The non - ferrous metals (increased by 5.6%), agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery (increased by 5.3%), machinery (increased by 3.1%), and power equipment and new energy (increased by 2.7%) industries that were significantly increased in June had gains of 44%, 12%, 27%, and 43% respectively in the third quarter [16][17]. Industry Rotation Strategy Based on the Industry Distribution of the CSI Cash Flow Index - Since the free - cash - flow index has significant alpha returns, and industry allocation and timing ability are important sources of its excess returns, an industry rotation strategy is constructed based on the industry distribution of the CSI Cash Flow Index to verify its industry allocation ability. Due to the limited public data of the index's constituent stocks, the self - calculated constituent stocks since December 2013 are used [19]. - The industry rotation strategy based on the industry distribution of the CSI Cash Flow Index has an annualized return of 12.8% and an annualized excess return of 1.9% since 2014. The accumulation of excess returns has significant periodic characteristics. The index's industry allocation ability can bring more significant excess returns in the value - dominant style, while the excess return is prone to large drawdowns in the growth - dominant style [20].

Group 1 - The macroeconomic environment in 2025 shows resilience in external demand while internal demand remains volatile, leading to uncertainty in demand prospects [6][7]. - From January to September 2025, China's export growth maintained a strong resilience with a cumulative year-on-year growth rate of 6.1%, driven by high-value-added products like electromechanical products [6][7]. - A-share core entities' foreign income maintained high growth, with a year-on-year increase of 11.4% in H1 2025, while domestic income saw a reduced decline of -0.1% [12][13]. Group 2 - The TMT and manufacturing sectors are experiencing a recovery in both internal and external demand, with significant support from AI-related applications and domestic supply-demand policies [21][22]. - The TMT sector benefits from strong growth in overseas demand, particularly in the communication and semiconductor industries, with communication equipment's foreign income growing by 33.3% in H1 2025 [27][28]. - The manufacturing sector, particularly in power equipment and defense industries, shows improved domestic income growth, indicating a positive trend supported by policy measures [12][19]. Group 3 - The majority of TMT and manufacturing industries have a high proportion of foreign income, generally exceeding 10%, indicating a reliance on synchronized internal and external demand [18][20]. - The gross profit margins for most TMT and manufacturing sectors are significantly higher for foreign operations compared to domestic ones, with differences often exceeding 10 percentage points [32][33]. - Future opportunities are anticipated in technology manufacturing and domestic market construction, particularly in AI technology and equipment manufacturing, which are expected to benefit from supportive policies [19][21].

债券 2025 年 12 月 9 日 经济新范式下的债市策略探索 证券分析师 刘璐 投资咨询资格编号 S1060519060001 liulu979@ pingan.com.cn 郑子辰 投资咨询资格编号 S1060521090001 zhengzichen160@pingan.com.cn 张君瑞 投资咨询资格编号 S1060519080001 zhangjunrui748@pingan.com.cn 平安观点： 债 券 报 告 债 券 年 度 报 告 证 券 研 究 报 告 2026 年宏观利率债年度策略 2025 年经济周期弱化，资产的定价呈现新特征。经济转型进行时，周期弱 化、结构当道，总量资产趋势难寻，且有"失锚"感，大类资产形成了长期 叙事+极端估值修正的双因子模式。对债市来说，"失锚"也体现为非典型熊 市，曲线哑铃型上移 10-30BP：一季度是经典的基本面、资金面驱动，曲线 熊平；三季度是风险偏好和政策冲击下的机构行为主导的调整，曲线哑铃型 走位。但机构行为有共性，与机构考核、资金属性等有关：1）大行最早配 置放量，标志是大幅超季节性买债；2）农商行在调整的早期和中期入场， 略偏左侧交易；3） ...

Export Performance - In November 2025, China's exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year, a rebound of 7.0 percentage points from the previous month[1] - Imports grew by 1.9% year-on-year, up 0.9 percentage points from the previous month[1] - The trade surplus reached $111.68 billion, compared to $90.07 billion in the previous month[1] Regional Analysis - The drag from exports to the United States expanded by 0.6 percentage points to 4.4 percentage points[3] - Exports to the EU, Hong Kong, Africa, ASEAN, and Latin America contributed 1.9, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, and 1.0 percentage points respectively[3] - ASEAN remains the largest contributor to China's exports, with significant increases from Africa, the EU, Hong Kong, and India compared to 2024[3] Product Analysis - Mechanical and high-tech products were the main drivers of export growth, contributing 4.8 and 1.6 percentage points respectively[3] - Labor-intensive products continued to drag on exports, contributing a negative 0.6 percentage points[3] - Key products like automobiles, ships, and integrated circuits showed strong performance, collectively increasing their contribution to 2.0 percentage points[3] Import Dynamics - Mechanical and high-tech products maintained stable contributions to import growth at 1.8 and 2.5 percentage points respectively[3] - The drag from raw materials decreased to 2.5 percentage points, a reduction of 0.2 percentage points from the previous month[3] - Agricultural products' drag on import growth was 0.3 percentage points, down 0.1 percentage points from the previous month[3] Risk Factors - Potential risks include underwhelming implementation of growth policies, escalation of geopolitical conflicts, and unexpected severity of overseas economic downturns[3]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Outperform the Market," indicating that the industry index is expected to perform better than the market by more than 5% over the next six months [36]. Core Insights - The 2025 National Basic Medical Insurance, Maternity Insurance, and Work Injury Insurance Drug List, along with the first version of the Commercial Health Insurance Innovative Drug List, was released on December 7, 2025. This adjustment includes 114 new drugs, of which 50 are classified as Class 1 innovative drugs [3]. - The newly launched Chinese Drug Price Registration System aims to facilitate the global pricing system for innovative drugs and attract high-quality foreign drugs to the Chinese market, benefiting patients [4][5]. - The innovative drug sector is expected to continue its rise, with recommendations to focus on companies with rich pipeline layouts, high-potential innovative drugs, and leading technology platforms [11]. Summary by Sections Industry Developments - The 2025 drug list adjustment marks the eighth update since the establishment of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, reflecting ongoing efforts to enhance drug accessibility and innovation in China [3]. - The Chinese Drug Price Registration System, launched on December 2, 2025, allows pharmaceutical companies to independently declare drug prices, promoting a more transparent and globalized pricing structure [4][5]. Company Highlights - Yino Pharmaceutical has rapidly emerged in the metabolic disease treatment field since its establishment in 2014, with its core product, Isupreglutide α, receiving approval as a Class 1 innovative drug and entering commercialization [7]. Investment Strategy - The report suggests focusing on companies with diverse pipelines, such as Heng Rui Medicine, BeiGene, and China National Pharmaceutical Group, as well as those with high-potential innovative drugs like Sanofi and Kaiyin Technology [11]. - It also highlights the importance of companies with leading technology platforms, such as Dongcheng Pharmaceutical and WuXi AppTec, as well as upstream companies benefiting from overseas expansion [11]. Market Performance - The pharmaceutical sector experienced a decline of 0.74% last week, ranking 19th among 28 industries, while the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 Index rose by 1.28% [14][24]. - As of December 5, 2025, the pharmaceutical sector's valuation stands at 29.30 times (TTM), with a premium of 17.46% over the overall A-share market [27].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "stronger than the market," indicating that the industry index is expected to outperform the market by more than 5% over the next six months [29]. Core Insights - The report highlights the importance of focusing on segments with marginal improvements and stable growth within the consumer sector, particularly in the home appliance and beauty industries [3][4]. - The tourism sector is showing potential for recovery, with leading companies like Ctrip and Huazhu Hotels responding quickly to changing consumer demands [3]. - The beauty industry is experiencing steady growth, with a recommendation to monitor leading brands that adapt swiftly to market dynamics [3]. - The liquor industry is facing challenges, with a notable decline in net profits for many companies in Q3 2025 compared to Q2 2025, but leading firms are expected to gain market share [4][20]. - The snack segment is showing a divergence in performance, with certain products like konjac continuing to thrive, while dairy companies are entering a recovery phase [4][25]. Summary by Sections Home Appliances - The home appliance sector is experiencing a downturn, with air conditioning production down 27.9% year-on-year in October 2025, and sales down 20.1% [27]. - Central air conditioning sales reached 11.2 billion yuan in October 2025, facing downward pressure [27]. - Refrigerator production decreased by 9.8% year-on-year, while washing machine production saw a slight decline of 0.2% [27]. Social Services - The report emphasizes the need to focus on leading companies that can adapt to changing consumer demands in the social services sector, particularly in tourism and beauty [3][4]. Food and Beverage - Alcohol - The report notes a significant decline in net profits for many liquor companies in Q3 2025, with a focus on high-end and mid-range liquor brands expected to perform better [4][20]. - The average price of pork in the wholesale market increased by 0.2% to 17.68 yuan per kilogram as of December 5, 2025 [25]. Food and Beverage - General - The snack segment is experiencing a mixed performance, with konjac products showing strong growth potential [4][25]. - Dairy companies are expected to enter a recovery phase as supply and demand dynamics improve [4][25]. Cultural Communication - The report suggests that media companies should focus on segments related to spiritual needs and consumer sentiment to capture opportunities [4][17].

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Outperform the Market," indicating an expected performance that exceeds the market by more than 5% over the next six months [27]. Core Insights - AppLovin, a leading mobile advertising technology platform, has shown impressive growth, with a revenue of $1.405 billion in Q3 2025, representing a 68% year-over-year increase, and a net profit of $836 million, up 92% year-over-year [10][12]. - The company is expanding its client base beyond game developers to include web advertising and e-commerce, with the launch of the Axon Ads Manager self-service platform, which has seen a 50% weekly increase in spending from self-service advertisers since its introduction [9][10]. - The integration of AI in advertising is evolving, with marketing agents capable of generating tailored advertising content and assisting brands in navigating cultural and legal differences in foreign markets [15][17]. Summary by Sections Company Overview - AppLovin, founded in 2012 and headquartered in Palo Alto, California, serves over one billion users daily and provides a comprehensive advertising intermediary service through its AI-driven platforms, including AXON, MAX, and Adjust [4][5]. Financial Performance - In Q3 2025, AppLovin achieved a revenue of $1.405 billion, a 68% increase year-over-year, and a net profit of $836 million, also up 92% year-over-year. The company anticipates Q4 2025 revenue between $1.57 billion and $1.6 billion, reflecting a 12% to 14% quarter-over-quarter growth [10][12]. Future Outlook - AppLovin plans to enhance its self-service platform and introduce AI-driven advertising features to attract new advertisers, with expectations of significant growth in new advertiser numbers by 2026 [14][25]. - The demand for AI-driven marketing solutions is increasing, particularly among domestic companies looking to expand internationally, highlighting the potential for growth in the AI and advertising sector [15][17]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies in the AI and advertising space, including 汇量科技, 迈富时, 易点天下, 蓝色光标, 值得买, 焦点科技, and 百融云-W, as they are expected to benefit from the growing integration of AI in marketing [25].

Group 1: Precious Metals - Gold - The weakening of the US dollar credit remains the core logic for gold pricing in 2025, with a notable negative correlation between gold prices and the dollar's share in global foreign exchange reserves [11][12] - The Federal Reserve is expected to continue its rate-cutting cycle into 2026, which may support gold prices, especially with concerns over the independence of monetary policy due to potential changes in leadership [13][15] - The long-term trend of weakening US dollar credit is not expected to change, with the US fiscal deficit projected to reach 6.9% of GDP in 2024, indicating ongoing structural issues in the US fiscal system [16][17] Group 2: Industrial Metals - Supply constraints for copper are expected to intensify, with significant disruptions in overseas copper mining projects leading to a projected decrease in output by over 100,000 tons in 2025 [23][24] - The demand for copper is anticipated to grow significantly due to the rise of AI and data centers, with each MW of installed capacity requiring approximately 27 tons of copper [27][28] - The macroeconomic environment, characterized by a weak dollar and continued rate cuts by the Federal Reserve, is expected to drive copper prices upward [29][31] Group 3: Energy Metals - The supply of lithium and cobalt is expected to improve significantly due to the end of overseas capacity clearances and the implementation of supply constraint policies by major producing countries [33] - The demand for energy metals is projected to benefit from the resilience of battery technologies and the growth of the energy storage sector, leading to a positive supply-demand dynamic [33][34] Group 4: Tin - The supply of tin is tightening due to regulatory changes in Indonesia and ongoing production disruptions in Myanmar, with exports from Indonesia declining by approximately 20% year-on-year [45][46] - The global demand for refined tin is expected to grow, particularly in the electronics sector, driven by high semiconductor sales and the increasing use of tin solder in AI and high-performance computing applications [51]