Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [2][10] Core Views - The company reported a significant improvement in profitability, with H1 2025 revenue of 224 million yuan (+12.8%) and net profit attributable to shareholders of 33 million yuan (+92.0%), indicating a substantial enhancement in profitability [5] - The company is the leading domestic provider of three-dimensional electrophysiology surgeries, with over 80,000 surgeries completed across more than 1,000 hospitals [6] - The international market revenue grew by over 40% in H1 2025, with successful entries into markets such as Mexico, the UK, and Rwanda [7] - The company has a rich pipeline of products under development, including a pulse ablation product that has received NMPA approval [8] - Revenue projections for 2025-2027 are 537 million yuan, 688 million yuan, and 892 million yuan, with corresponding net profits of 72 million yuan, 104 million yuan, and 144 million yuan [9] Financial Summary - For 2025, the company expects revenue growth of 30.0%, with net profit growth of 37.3% [12] - The gross margin is projected to improve from 58.7% in 2024 to 60.0% by 2027 [12] - The earnings per share (EPS) is forecasted to increase from 0.11 yuan in 2024 to 0.31 yuan in 2027 [12]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve is expected to "restart" interest rate cuts, which will benefit risk asset prices [2][13] - The Shanghai Composite Index and the ChiNext Index are showing upward trends, with increases of 6.70% and 22.07% respectively [2] - The NASDAQ index is also expected to rise, supported by the anticipated interest rate cuts [2][42] Group 2 - The report suggests a high allocation to equities, particularly in growth sectors such as technology and AI, due to the favorable market conditions [3][27] - The bond market is expected to see a decrease in yields, particularly in short-term bonds, as the Fed's actions create more room for domestic rate cuts [50][60] - Commodities like gold are recommended for overweight allocation, while oil is suggested for underweight due to ongoing production increases [3][27] Group 3 - The report highlights structural improvements in certain sectors, such as the technology and defense industries, which are expected to benefit from government policies and market demand [28][36] - The engineering machinery sector is anticipated to recover due to cyclical trends and increased global investment [41] - Agricultural chemicals are also expected to see a rebound in demand, driven by food security strategies and recent price stabilization [41]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [2] Core Views - The company's performance in Q2 2025 exceeded expectations, with revenue of 1.442 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 8% [7] - The company is expected to enter a new phase of rapid growth starting in 2025 as new domestic bases begin to ramp up production and overseas bases are developed [7] - The company aims to enhance its core competitiveness in the smart cockpit sector, focusing on integrated smart interior solutions for automotive manufacturers [7] Financial Summary - Revenue projections for the company are as follows: - 2024: 5.667 billion yuan - 2025: 6.971 billion yuan - 2026: 8.492 billion yuan - 2027: 10.167 billion yuan - Year-on-year revenue growth rates are projected at 23.2% for 2024, 23.0% for 2025, 21.8% for 2026, and 19.7% for 2027 [6] - Net profit attributable to the parent company is projected to be: - 2024: 425 million yuan - 2025: 557 million yuan - 2026: 688 million yuan - 2027: 858 million yuan - The net profit growth rates are expected to be -22.1% for 2024, 30.9% for 2025, 23.5% for 2026, and 24.7% for 2027 [6] - The company's gross margin is projected to stabilize at 16.0% from 2025 onwards [6] Market and Operational Insights - The company is actively expanding its overseas market presence, particularly in Europe, following recognition for its smart cockpit design [7] - New production bases in Zhaoqing, Hefei, and Anqing are expected to gradually achieve profitability, contributing to overall capacity enhancement [7] - The company has reported strong revenue growth in specific segments, such as Tianjin Changchun, which saw a 111% year-on-year increase [7]

Investment Rating - Investment Rating: Buy (Maintain) [1] Core Views - The industry is experiencing a recovery in demand, with Q2 performance showing a quarter-on-quarter increase [1] - In H1 2025, the company achieved revenue of 14.62 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.07%, while net profit attributable to shareholders was 727 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 9.72% [4] - Q2 2025 revenue reached 7.39 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.44% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 2.25% [4] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - The company's overall gross margin for H1 2025 was 16.4%, a decrease of 0.9% year-on-year [5] - Revenue from various segments in H1 2025 included special chemicals (2.615 billion yuan), pesticides (2.568 billion yuan), fertilizers (1.924 billion yuan), and organic silicon (1.369 billion yuan) [5] - Q2 2025 non-net profit was 437 million yuan, a quarter-on-quarter increase of 91.06%, primarily due to high phosphate rock prices and price increases in glyphosate products [5] Market Position and Product Analysis - Glyphosate's advantages are highlighted, with the market demand expected to grow due to limited new production capacity and increasing planting areas of transgenic crops [5] - The company has a designed production capacity of 230,000 tons/year for glyphosate, ranking first in the domestic market [5] - Phosphate rock prices remain high, with the company holding significant phosphate reserves and plans to acquire a 50% stake in Qiaogou Mining, increasing reserves to 58 million tons [6] New Projects and R&D - The company is accelerating the implementation of new projects in the fields of new energy and electronic chemicals, with R&D investment in H1 2025 amounting to 535 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.21% [8] - Key projects include the production of lithium phosphate and high-purity electronic chemicals, which are progressing steadily [8] Investment Recommendations - The company is expected to achieve net profits of 1.825 billion yuan, 2.078 billion yuan, and 2.366 billion yuan for the years 2025-2027, corresponding to P/E ratios of 16, 14, and 13 times respectively [9]

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Overweight" [1] Core Insights - The report highlights the ongoing active research in life sciences and the global wave of biotechnology revolution, which is accelerating integration into economic and social development, providing new solutions for major challenges such as health, climate change, resource security, and food security. The National Development and Reform Commission has issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Bioeconomy," indicating a trillion-yuan market potential in the bioeconomy sector [3][4]. Market Performance - The synthetic biology index, composed of 58 listed companies involved in synthetic biology and related technologies, rose by 8.25% to 1845.19 during the week of August 25-29, 2025. This performance outpaced the Shanghai Composite Index by 7.41% and the ChiNext Index by 0.51% [4][19]. - The overall performance of synthetic biology stocks met expectations, with an increase of 8.25%, ranking second among various sectors [19]. Company Developments - The report mentions several significant developments in the synthetic biology sector: - The first synthetic biology project in Ordos City, with an investment of 230 million yuan, aims to produce 4,000 tons of bio-based calcium propionate annually, positioning itself as the largest producer of clean label products globally [10]. - The successful trial of the world's first bio-based 1,5-pentanediol process by Seabear, achieving over 99.5% purity, which is significant for high-end cosmetics and biomedicine [26]. - A framework cooperation agreement for a 31 billion yuan green hydrogen methanol integrated project was signed in Duolun County, aiming to produce 200,000 tons of green hydrogen and 1 million tons of green methanol annually [26]. - The successful licensing of the SRJET bio-jet fuel production technology by Sinopec's research institute to Total Energy, marking its entry into the global market [27]. Financing Trends - The report notes an acceleration in financing for synthetic biology companies, with nearly a hundred companies completing new financing rounds since the beginning of 2025. Notable financing activities include: - Nanjing Batefly completing a round of financing to develop high-performance packaging solutions [34]. - Huaxi Biological's exclusive investment from CVC Fund for the commercialization of a new generation of pre-filled syringes [36]. Research Directions - The report outlines several innovative research directions: - Zhongke Guosheng's development of a bio-based aromatic polyamide fiber using FDCA, marking a breakthrough in the bio-based materials sector [38]. - Zhengtong Technology's new biodegradable polyester, which combines the biodegradability of aliphatic polyesters with the mechanical properties of aromatic polyesters, receiving national patent authorization [39].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [1] Core Views - The company reported a rapid growth in performance for the first half of 2025, with total revenue reaching 3.36 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 35.28%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 536 million yuan, up 51.54% year-on-year [5] - The company is continuously deepening its industrial chain layout, focusing on the integration of phosphate resources and capacity construction [6] - The company has a strong competitive advantage due to its dual-driven strategy of resource and technology, which helps in building a long-term competitive barrier [7] Financial Performance - In the first half of 2025, the company achieved total revenue of 3.36 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 35.28% and a net profit of 536 million yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 51.54% [5] - The revenue from the phosphate chemical segment grew rapidly, with key products such as feed-grade dicalcium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate showing revenue increases of 33.22% and 38.91% respectively [5] - The company’s gross profit margin for feed-grade dicalcium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate improved, with margins of 32.60% and 44.57% respectively [5] Industry Positioning - The company is actively expanding its overseas market presence, with international sales revenue reaching 1.066 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 35.05%, accounting for 31.73% of total revenue [5] - The company is enhancing its integrated industrial chain centered around phosphate rock resources, with a current annual mining capacity of approximately 3.2 million tons [6] - The company is also increasing its production capacity for lithium iron phosphate, responding to the growing demand in the new energy materials market [5][8] Future Outlook - The company is expected to achieve net profits of 1.229 billion yuan, 1.444 billion yuan, and 1.853 billion yuan for the years 2025 to 2027, with corresponding P/E ratios of 13, 11, and 9 times [9]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Accumulate" (maintained) [3] Core Views - In the first half of 2025, the company achieved revenue of 2.522 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 48.54%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 855 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 216.64% [6] - The company's potassium chloride revenue reached 2.460 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, with a gross margin of 58.20%, reflecting a significant enhancement in profitability [8] - The potassium fertilizer supply-demand situation remains tight, with expectations for continued industry prosperity due to limited domestic production capacity and increasing import reliance [10][11] Financial Performance - In Q2 2025, the company reported revenue of 1.309 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.00%, and a net profit of 470 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 149.17% [7] - The average price of potassium chloride in the first half of 2025 was 2,943.76 yuan/ton, an increase of 20.56% compared to the same period last year [8] - The company is expected to achieve net profits of 1.58 billion, 2.14 billion, and 2.95 billion yuan for the years 2025 to 2027, corresponding to P/E ratios of 20, 14, and 10 times respectively [12] Industry Outlook - The domestic potassium chloride price as of August 29, 2025, was 3,275 yuan/ton, reflecting a 30.17% increase since the beginning of the year [9] - China's potassium fertilizer consumption reached 9.7711 million tons in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 2.36%, while production fell by 17.10% [10] - The company plans to expand its production capacity with ongoing projects, aiming to enhance its market position in the potassium fertilizer industry [9]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [1] Core Views - The company has shown rapid growth in clinical business and possesses a rich reserve of innovative assets [1] - In H1 2025, the company achieved operating revenue of 590 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.87%, while the net profit attributable to the parent company was 130 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 12.61% [4][5] - The second quarter of 2025 saw revenue of 359 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.73%, and a net profit of 101 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.23% [4] Summary by Sections Clinical Business and R&D - The company has invested continuously in R&D, with over twenty types of proprietary Class 1 new drugs in the pipeline, covering various important therapeutic areas [5][6] - Key projects include: 1. STC007 injection for postoperative pain and chronic kidney disease-related itching, with ongoing clinical trials [5] 2. STC008 injection targeting cachexia in advanced solid tumors, with all healthy subjects recruited for Phase Ia trials [5] 3. ZM001 injection, a CAR-T cell therapy for moderate to severe SLE, currently in Phase I trials [5] 4. IC19, a universal CAR-T targeting CD19, in the IIT stage [6] Financial Performance - In H1 2025, the company’s pharmaceutical research revenue was 203 million yuan (down 40.80%), while clinical trials and bioanalysis revenue was 279 million yuan (up 29.05%) [7] - The company expects revenue for 2025-2027 to be 1.306 billion, 1.587 billion, and 1.841 billion yuan, respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 21.1%, 21.5%, and 16.0% [8] - The net profit attributable to the parent company is projected to be 236 million, 307 million, and 345 million yuan for the same period, with growth rates of 32.8%, 30.3%, and 12.4% [8] Market Position and Future Outlook - The company is expected to continue increasing the number of proprietary products approved for market, which will enhance revenue post-R&D phase [7] - The company maintains a strong focus on innovation and expanding its clinical business, which is expected to contribute significantly to future growth [5][7]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Style Rotation Model - **Model Construction Idea**: The model is based on asset pricing theory, incorporating factors that influence profit expectations, discount rates, and investor sentiment. It uses historical data to form a logical, quantifiable, and effective strategy[38]. - **Model Construction Process**: - **Macro Level**: Utilizes an event-driven approach to study the relationship between styles and macroeconomic factors. Six dimensions are considered: economic growth, consumption, monetary policy, interest rates, exchange rates, and real estate. Five event patterns are defined, including historical highs/lows, marginal improvement trends, exceeding expectations, and new highs/lows. The model evaluates the relative returns, information ratios (IR), excess monthly win rates, and correlations of style indices within one month after macro events[38]. - **Market State**: Reflects investor sentiment and risk appetite. Proxy variables include monthly returns, turnover rates, volatility, ERP, BP, DRP, and excess returns of the CSI Dividend Index. Event study methods are used to analyze the relationship between market state and style rotation[38]. - **Micro Features**: Based on multi-factor models, the model incorporates performance changes, capital flows, and trading sentiment of listed companies. It emphasizes the relative position of values rather than absolute values. Backtesting shows momentum effects in performance, capital preference, and trading activity[39]. 2. Model Name: Industry Rotation Model - **Model Construction Idea**: Focuses on micro-level industry rotation due to the difficulty of capturing macro drivers with available data. It adopts a bottom-up perspective to propose effective micro-industry indicators[40]. - **Model Construction Process**: - **Micro Indicators**: Includes fundamental, technical, and analyst-based factors. - **Fundamental**: Historical changes in fundamentals and marginal changes in analyst consensus forecasts. - **Technical**: Adjusted industry momentum and stripped limit-up momentum. - **Analyst**: Analyst-based factors reflecting industry expectations[40][44]. --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Style Rotation Model - **Macro Level**: Evaluates the impact of macro events on style indices' relative returns, IR, and excess monthly win rates[38]. - **Market State**: Uses proxy variables like monthly returns, turnover rates, and volatility to assess the relationship with style rotation[38]. - **Micro Features**: Backtesting confirms momentum effects in performance, capital flows, and trading activity[39]. 2. Industry Rotation Model - **Micro Indicators**: Backtesting results highlight the effectiveness of fundamental, technical, and analyst-based factors in capturing industry rotation signals[40][44]. --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Revenue Surprise (营收超预期) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the degree to which revenue exceeds expectations, reflecting growth potential[12][15]. - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Formula**: Not explicitly provided in the report. - **Factor Evaluation**: Strong performance in recent months, with a positive direction[15]. 2. Factor Name: Annual Momentum (年动量) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Captures price momentum over a one-year horizon, indicating price trends[12][15]. - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Formula**: Not explicitly provided in the report. - **Factor Evaluation**: Positive performance, indicating strong price momentum[15]. 3. Factor Name: Analyst ROE Forecast Change (一致预测ROE环比变化) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Reflects changes in analysts' ROE forecasts over three months, indicating market expectations[12][15]. - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Formula**: Not explicitly provided in the report. - **Factor Evaluation**: Positive performance, showing strong alignment with market sentiment[15]. 4. Factor Name: Quarterly Net Profit YoY Growth (季度净利润同比增速) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures year-over-year growth in quarterly net profit, reflecting growth potential[12][15]. - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Formula**: Not explicitly provided in the report. - **Factor Evaluation**: Positive performance, indicating strong growth signals[15]. --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Revenue Surprise - **1-Month Excess Return**: 4.4% - **3-Month Excess Return**: 3.7% - **6-Month Excess Return**: 6.0% - **12-Month Excess Return**: 7.5%[15] 2. Annual Momentum - **1-Month Excess Return**: 4.4% - **3-Month Excess Return**: 5.1% - **6-Month Excess Return**: 5.9% - **12-Month Excess Return**: 6.5%[15] 3. Analyst ROE Forecast Change - **1-Month Excess Return**: 4.1% - **3-Month Excess Return**: 7.2% - **6-Month Excess Return**: 9.2% - **12-Month Excess Return**: 10.7%[15] 4. Quarterly Net Profit YoY Growth - **1-Month Excess Return**: 3.1% - **3-Month Excess Return**: 6.3% - **6-Month Excess Return**: 8.5% - **12-Month Excess Return**: 12.0%[15]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The issuance of replacement bonds is tapering off, and the urban investment bond market continues to experience a narrow - scale contraction. In August 2025, the net repayment of urban investment bonds was 840 million yuan, with the scale narrowing compared to the previous month and the same period last year. The issuance and maturity scales both decreased year - on - year. There may still be an unreleased early repayment pressure from special refinancing bonds, and the risk of early discounted redemption should be noted [2][13][17]. - The financing of municipal - level entities has turned positive, and the proportion of short - duration bond issuance has increased in the volatile market. The net financing of municipal - level entities has recovered, mainly due to the marginal improvement in the financing environment of some strong municipal - level entities. The 3 - year - plus bonds remain the main issuance term, but the scale of 1 - year bonds has significantly increased [2][13]. - The overall subscription sentiment has declined, while short - duration varieties have seen an inverse increase. In August, the average subscription multiple of urban investment bonds was 2.88 times, a decrease from the previous month. The subscription multiples of municipal - level entities have marginally increased, while those of other levels have decreased. The demand for bonds within 1 year has increased, while that for bonds over 5 years has decreased [3][14]. - The credit bond market has been continuously volatile, and the market favors short - end varieties. Since August, the credit bond market has shown a volatile upward trend, and the market tends to choose short - end credit assets to avoid risks. The yields of bonds at all terms and levels have generally increased, with short - duration bonds performing relatively stably. The spreads of short - end bonds have been compressed [3][15]. 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1 Replacement Bonds Issuance Tapering Off, Urban Investment Continues Narrow - Scale Contraction 3.1.1 Issuance and Repayment: Six - Month Consecutive Net Repayment of Urban Investment Financing - As of August 31, 2025, 3,797 urban investment entities under the HA caliber issued 51.74 billion yuan in bonds and repaid 52.58 billion yuan, resulting in a net repayment of 840 million yuan. The net repayment scale decreased compared to the previous month and the same period last year. The financing structure has further differentiated, with municipal - level entities ending five consecutive months of net repayment, while low - level entities such as district - level entities continue to contract [17]. - From an administrative perspective, the net financing of municipal - level entities was 1.25 billion yuan, and that of provincial - level entities was 860 million yuan in August. District - level and park - level entities had net repayments of 1.73 billion yuan and 1.24 billion yuan respectively [17]. - From a rating perspective, only AAA - rated entities had net inflows of 2.63 billion yuan in August, while other rated entities had net repayments, with AA + entities having the highest at 1.98 billion yuan [18]. - From a variety perspective, MTN had the highest net financing of 3.88 billion yuan, while enterprise bonds had the highest net repayment of 2.47 billion yuan [18]. - From a term perspective, bonds with a term of over 3 years had the highest net financing of 11.03 billion yuan, while 2 - year bonds had the highest net repayment of 9.59 billion yuan [18]. - From a regional perspective, Zhejiang had the highest net financing of 1.03 billion yuan, while Jiangsu had the highest net repayment of 1.56 billion yuan. Compared with the previous month, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Beijing had increases, while Shanghai, Sichuan, and Henan had decreases [19]. - From a subject perspective, 344 entities had net inflows in August, with Shaanxi Xixian New Area Development Group Co., Ltd. having the highest net financing of 450 million yuan [19]. 3.1.2 Maturity Pressure: Approximately 6.5 trillion yuan will mature before the end of 2026 - As of August 31, 2025, the maturity pressure of 3,797 urban investment bonds under the HA caliber before the end of 2026 is about 6.47 trillion yuan, with 1.81 trillion yuan in 2025 and 4.66 trillion yuan in 2026. The remaining maturity pressure by the end of 2025 is about 180.86 billion yuan, with the peak in September at 55.64 billion yuan [39]. - The top 5 provinces in terms of remaining maturity amount by the end of 2025 are Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Sichuan, and Hubei [40]. - The top 5 cities are Qingdao, Nanjing, Suzhou, Chengdu, and Xi'an [41]. - The top 5 districts are Jiangning District of Nanjing, Huangdao District of Qingdao, Huangpu District of Guangzhou, Shapingba District of Chongqing, and Jimo District of Qingdao [41]. - The top 5 parks are Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, Xi'an High - tech Industrial Development Zone, Taizhou Medical High - tech Industrial Development Zone, Wuzhong Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Suzhou High - tech Industrial Development Zone [41]. - The top 5 entities are Shudao Investment Group Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Communications Holding Co., Ltd., Hunan Expressway Group Co., Ltd., Shandong Hi - Speed Group Co., Ltd., and Qingdao Urban Construction Investment (Group) Co., Ltd. [41]. 3.1.3 Primary Subscription: The average subscription multiple is 2.88 times, and short - duration bonds are favored - In August, among the issued urban investment bonds, 27.28 billion yuan of bonds disclosed bidding data, with a cumulative bidding scale of 78.56 billion yuan and an average subscription multiple of 2.88 times, a decrease from the previous month [44]. - In terms of administrative levels, the subscription multiples of municipal - level entities have marginally increased. The average subscription multiple of provincial - level entities was 2.20 times, a decrease from the previous month; that of municipal - level entities was 3.35 times, an increase; that of district - level entities was 2.87 times, a decrease; and that of park - level entities was 2.86 times, a decrease [46]. - In terms of bond ratings, the overall subscription sentiment of all rated entities has cooled down, and the subscription of AA - rated bonds has significantly declined. The average subscription multiples of AAA, AA +, AA, AA(2), and AA - rated bonds have changed to varying degrees compared to the previous month [46]. - In terms of bond terms, short - and long - duration bonds have shown different performances, and the demand for bonds within 1 year has increased. The average subscription multiple of bonds within 1 year was 2.43 times, an increase from the previous month; that of 1 - 2 - year bonds was 3.41 times, a slight increase; that of 2 - 3 - year bonds was 3.19 times, a decrease; that of 3 - 5 - year bonds was 3.24 times, a slight decrease; and that of bonds over 5 years was 2.61 times, a significant decrease [47]. 3.2 The Credit Bond Market is Continuously Volatile, and the Market Favors Short - End Varieties 3.2.1 Valuation Spread: Credit Volatility Weakens, Triggering Redemption Concerns - Since August, the credit bond market has shown a volatile upward trend. The market tends to choose short - end credit assets to avoid risks. At the beginning of the month, the market stabilized due to factors such as loose liquidity and the resumption of VAT on treasury bonds. In the middle and late months, the equity market affected the bond market, and there was a large - scale net capital withdrawal. The yields and spreads of credit bonds increased rapidly, deviating from the trend of interest - rate bonds, triggering concerns about a redemption wave. By the end of the month, the market stopped falling again and returned to a narrow - range volatile market [54]. - The yields of bonds at all terms and levels have generally increased, with short - duration bonds performing relatively stably. For example, the yields of 1 - year AAA, AA +, AA, and AA(2) bonds have increased by 0.2bp, 0.2bp, 0.7bp, and 0.2bp respectively; those of 3 - year bonds have increased by 5.5bp, 6.0bp, 7.0bp, and 11.5bp respectively; and those of 5 - year bonds have increased by 7.1bp, 9.0bp, 16.1bp, and 16.1bp respectively [55]. - The spreads of short - and long - end bonds have shown different performances, and the spreads of bonds within 1 year have been compressed. For example, the spreads of 1 - year AAA, AA +, AA, and AA(2) bonds have narrowed by 3.3bp, 3.3bp, 2.8bp, and 3.3bp respectively; those of 3 - year bonds have changed to varying degrees; and those of 5 - year bonds have also shown different trends [56][59]. 3.2.2 Secondary Transaction: Activity Continues to Decline, and Risk - Aversion Sentiment Increases - The trading activity of urban investment bonds has declined, and the trading enthusiasm has significantly decreased. In August 2025, the sample trading records of urban investment bonds were about 14,000 transactions, with an average daily trading volume of about 665 transactions, a 11.0% decrease from the previous month. The daily average trading volume has declined for three consecutive months. The proportion of taken transactions was 70%, a 1 - percentage - point decrease from the previous month, and the long - short ratio has also slightly decreased [66]. - Driven by risk - aversion sentiment, the trading proportion of medium - and short - duration urban investment bonds has significantly increased. In terms of bond ratings, the trading proportion of AAA - rated bonds has decreased, while that of AA +, AA, and AA(2) bonds has increased, and that of AA - rated bonds has decreased. In terms of terms, the trading proportion of bonds within 1 year and 1 - 3 years has increased, while that of bonds over 3 years has decreased [67].