Macro: Supply and Demand Gap Widening - In November, supply growth slightly decreased year-on-year, with industrial added value and service production indices at 4.8% and 4.2% respectively, compared to 4.9% and 4.2% in October [5] - The demand structure showed marginal improvement in export delivery value, while domestic demand growth declined, primarily driven by the decrease in industrial added value growth [5] - Fixed asset investment saw a cumulative year-on-year decline of 2.6% from January to November, with construction installation projects being the main factor for the overall investment decline [7] Consumer Sector: Consumption Growth Slows - In November, total retail sales increased by 1.3% year-on-year, marking a decline of 1.6 percentage points from October, the lowest monthly growth rate in 2023 [6] - The decline in consumption was attributed to weakened support from trade-in programs and high base effects from the previous year, particularly in categories like home appliances (-19.4%) and automotive (-8.3%) [6] - The "Double Eleven" shopping festival caused a shift in consumption patterns, pulling forward sales from November, which contributed to the slowdown in retail sales growth [6] Investment: Fixed Asset Investment Decline - The cumulative year-on-year decline in fixed asset investment expanded to 2.6% from January to November, with construction installation projects being the primary contributor [7] - The November fixed asset investment saw a seasonally adjusted month-on-month decline of 1.03%, a slight narrowing from October's 1.51% [7] - The government is expected to push for investment stabilization, with additional funding support anticipated to improve investment data by 2026 [7] Real Estate: Continued Weakness - The real estate market remains weak, with new housing sales area declining by 17.3% year-on-year in November, a slight improvement from October's 18.8% decline [10] - Real estate investment saw a year-on-year decline of 30.3% in November, indicating a cautious approach from developers amid weak market demand [10] - The overall investment environment remains pressured, with the government emphasizing the need for stabilization measures [10] Financial Sector: Credit Demand Weakness - In November, new social financing increased by 2.5 trillion yuan, but new RMB loans decreased by 390 billion yuan year-on-year, reflecting weak credit demand [25][26] - The decline in credit demand is attributed to slow recovery in the real economy and weakened demand in the real estate sector [26] - The government bonds and corporate bonds have been the main contributors to social financing, indicating a reliance on these instruments for economic support [26] Commodity Sector: Demand Needs Boost - In November, domestic crude oil production was 4.3 million barrels per day, a year-on-year increase of 1.9%, while net imports were 12.43 million barrels per day, up 4.8% [15] - The steel sector faced a decline in production, with crude steel output down 10.9% year-on-year in November, reflecting weak demand and high inventory levels [17] - The copper market showed a year-on-year increase in production by 9.7% in November, but demand remained subdued due to seasonal factors [19]

Market Overview - The A-share market showed a mixed performance with the Shanghai Composite Index down 0.11% at 3884.93 points, the Shenzhen Component down 0.71% at 13164.03 points, and the ChiNext Index down 1.29% at 3153.07 points, as of midday trading [1] - The total trading volume in the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets reached 1.18 trillion yuan, with nearly 2700 stocks rising [1] Sector Highlights - The insurance sector experienced significant gains, with China Ping An rising nearly 5%, reaching a four-year high [1][3] - The consumer sector showed strength, particularly in the dairy industry, with Yangguang Dairy hitting the daily limit, and the liquor sector also active, led by Huangtai Liquor [1][2] - Retail stocks were robust, with Baida Group achieving three consecutive trading limits [1][4] - The commercial aerospace sector continued to perform well, with Hualing Cable and Zhongchao Holdings both achieving three consecutive trading limits [1] - Conversely, the computing hardware sector saw a collective decline, with Longfei Optical Fiber hitting the daily limit down, and the film and television sector also faced declines [1] Regulatory and Policy Updates - The insurance sector's positive performance was supported by a recent notification from the financial regulatory authority, which adjusted risk factors for insurance companies investing in certain indices [3] - The Ministry of Commerce and other departments issued a notice to strengthen the collaboration between commerce and finance to boost consumption [4] Institutional Insights - CITIC Securities noted that while external demand may face challenges, there are increasing factors to expect better internal demand in the coming year [5] - CITIC Jian Investment believes the underlying logic of a bull market remains intact, with expectations for a new wave of market activity as adjustments have largely completed [6] - Guotai Junan expressed optimism about the market's cross-year momentum, particularly in technology, brokerage, insurance, and consumer sectors [8]

对于后市，我们比市场共识更乐观：部分投资者以政策表述从"超常规"到"跨周期"解读政策不积极，但 这存在谬误，2025年超常规是相较于2024年尾部风险暴露而言。面向2026年，中央经济工作会议明 确"巩固拓展经济稳中向好势头"，并要求财政政策"更加积极"与"内需主导"，首次提出"推动投资止跌 回稳"，并时隔十年重提房地产"去库存"；中财办副主任韩文秀表示将根据形势变化出台实施增量政 策，继续实施"国补"与靠前实施"十五五"重点项目，隐含了实现"十五五"良好开局的开门红重要性。考 虑近期经济活动转淡与房地产销售面积下滑加快，政策预期有望上修。在人民币稳定的前提下，2026年 初中国央行降息预期有望提高。在交易层面，保收益降仓位已经步入尾声，岁末年初的再配置与机构资 金回流有望改善市场流动性和活跃成交，跨年攻势已经开始。 考虑到前期股指的大幅调整、总量政策加码与增量入市环境，当下是布局春季行情的重要窗口。春节前 具备产业趋势的大盘成长有望占优，受益险资"开门红"配置的大盘价值也有望反弹。看好科技/券商保 险/消费。 中信建投：跨年有望迎来新一波行情 从9月初至12月初，AH两地市场经历了较长时间的调整，投资者情绪 ...

Price Performance - CPI shows a continuous decline in pork prices, while fruit and vegetable prices are on the rise, with a recent increase of 0.71%[2] - PPI indicates rising prices for crude oil and non-ferrous metals, with WTI prices increasing by 4.39%[2] Domestic Macro - Demand Side - Consumer demand is slightly cooling, with retail sales of passenger cars declining by 3.8% year-on-year[3] - External demand is also weakening, as indicated by a 16.9% month-on-month drop in the Baltic Dry Index (BDI)[3] Domestic Macro - Production Side - Production continues to decline, with a decrease of 1.53 percentage points in the industrial production index[3] - Real estate and infrastructure investment is also on a downward trend, with a decline of 2.46 percentage points[3] Fiscal Policy - The fiscal policy for next year is expected to remain proactive, with a focus on stimulating economic growth[4] - The recent Central Economic Work Conference has set a relatively positive tone for future economic policies[4] Monetary and Liquidity Conditions - The yield curve for government bonds has slightly shifted downwards, indicating a potential easing of monetary policy[4] - SHIBOR rates have shown minor fluctuations, with the 7-day SHIBOR at 1.4510%, up by 4 basis points[4] International Macro and Market - The Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates by 25 basis points, with a dovish tone from Chairman Powell[4] - Market expectations indicate a potential for further rate cuts, with probabilities for rates below 2.5% increasing significantly[4]

宏观经济 | 证券研究报告 — 总量点评 2025 年 12 月 10 日 11 月通胀点评 内需依然偏弱，关注外需波动 11 月 CPI 同比增速符合万得一致预期，PPI 同比增速略低于万得一致预期； CPI 同比上行主要靠食品价格，特别是鲜菜价格的拉动，服务价格环比出现 季节性回落；PPI 环比增速连续两个月增长，但 11 月同比降幅较 10 月小幅 扩大，主要受输入性因素影响。 相关研究报告 《政治局会议点评》20251209 《稳中求进、提质增效》20251208 《全面布局"十五五"》20251208 中银国际证券股份有限公司 具备证券投资咨询业务资格 宏观经济 证券分析师：张晓娇 xiaojiao.zhang@bocichina.com 证券投资咨询业务证书编号：S1300514010002 证券分析师：朱启兵 (8610)66229359 Qibing.Zhu@bocichina.com 证券投资咨询业务证书编号：S1300516090001 11 月 CPI 环比下降 0.1%，同比增长 0.7%，核心 CPI 同比增长 1.2%，服 务价格同比增长 0.7%，消费品价格同比增长 0.6%。 ...

证 券 研 究 报 告 【宏观快评】 出口强在中游——11 月进出口数据点评 事 项 11 月我国以美元计算出口同比 5.9%，预期 3.8%，前值-1.1%；11 月以美元计 价进口同比 1.9%，预期 3%，前值 1.0%。 主要观点 核心观点： 1）11 月出口增速反弹超预期（较上月高 7 个点）有基数的影响（5 个点左右）， 也有需求韧性的支撑。一是 11 月我国制造业 PMI 新出口订单大幅修复且各行 业全面回升，二是出口边际增长动能有所恢复。9-11 月环比平均 1.1%，与历 史同期均值相近，Q3 出口月度环比均值仅有 0.4%（大幅低于过去十年同期平 均 1.4%）。 2）品类来看，出口强在机电（对应中游制造），弱在劳密。1-11 月，我国机电 产品出口累计同比 7.9%，2024 年为 7.4%，其中，"机电三样"（车、船、集成 电路）出口增速均在 15%以上。 3）往后看，①月度视角下，12 月基数抬升，或带来同比读数 2-3 个点的调整 压力。②季度视角下，领先指标显示外需环境稳健，电子链或继续助力增长。 ③半年至一年维度下，货币宽松累积效应驱动的稳定外需环境+机电出口景 气，或支撑出口 ...

Core Viewpoint - The significant rebound in November exports is primarily attributed to the dissipation of short-term supply disruptions rather than an improvement in external demand [2][7][30] Export Analysis - November exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year (YoY) in USD terms, a notable recovery from a decline of 1.1% in October, driven by factors such as increased working days and the reduction of "production rush" effects [2][6][7] - The increase in working days in November (up by 2 days YoY) and the tapering off of the "production rush" phenomenon contributed significantly to the export rebound [2][7] - Exports to emerging economies showed a marked recovery in November, with exports to Africa and Latin America rising by 17.1 percentage points (pct) and 12.8 pct respectively, despite no significant improvement in demand from these regions [2][11] - The export of goods such as food, steel, and auto parts, which had seen significant declines in October, rebounded in November, with respective increases of 34 pct, 18.7 pct, and 13.6 pct [3][18] Import Analysis - Imports also showed a recovery in November, with a YoY increase of 1.9%, up by 0.9 pct from the previous month [3][25] - Processing trade imports surged by 9.2 pct to 13.9%, exceeding previous growth levels, indicating a rebound in supply conditions [3][25] - Major commodities like crude oil and electromechanical products saw improved import growth rates, with crude oil imports increasing by 8.4 pct to 8.1% [3][25][51] Future Outlook - The easing of supply disruptions, combined with ongoing improvements in external demand and China's competitive export advantages, is expected to support exports for the remainder of the year [4][30] - The potential for improved exports to the U.S. is bolstered by the easing of tariffs and the likelihood of inventory replenishment in the U.S. market [4][30] - Continued industrialization in emerging markets is anticipated to drive demand for imported production materials, further supporting China's export of intermediate and capital goods [4][30] Regular Tracking - In November, both exports and imports showed signs of recovery, with notable increases in consumer electronics and light industrial products [5][37] - Capital goods exports exhibited mixed results, with intermediate goods like auto parts and integrated circuits showing growth [5][40] - Exports to non-U.S. developed economies and emerging markets increased, while exports to the U.S. declined [5][47][48]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report In November 2025, the manufacturing PMI showed a marginal improvement with synchronized recovery in production and demand and accelerated destocking, but the asymmetric recovery of raw material and finished product prices may still restrict corporate profit repair, and the sustainability of external demand contribution remains to be verified. The decline in service - sector sentiment indicates that the resilience of domestic demand also needs to be observed. The bond market has adjusted, and the impact of PMI data is expected to be limited. It is recommended to allocate 10 - year Treasury bonds with a taxable coupon yield above 1.8% when there are adjustments [2]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs Manufacturing PMI - **Overall situation**: In November 2025, the manufacturing PMI was 49.2%, up 0.2 pct from the previous month, still seasonally weak but with marginal improvement. Production, procurement, and import indices on the supply - side increased, and new order and backlog order indices on the demand - side rose. Inventory destocking accelerated, and some predictive indicators showed improved supply - demand relationships [5][9]. - **External demand contribution**: The new export order index rose 1.7 pct to 47.6%, and the new export order indices of four major manufacturing industries and large, medium, and small enterprises all increased. However, the asymmetric recovery of raw material and finished product prices may pressure corporate profit repair [9]. - **Enterprise size and industry differences**: Small and medium - sized enterprises' sentiment improved, especially small enterprises which rose 2 pct to a nearly 6 - month high of 49.1%, while large enterprises' sentiment declined 0.6 pct to 49.3%. High - tech manufacturing with a high proportion of small and medium - sized enterprises remained in expansion, while the sentiment of equipment and consumer goods manufacturing declined, and their production sides may be stronger than the demand sides [9]. Non - manufacturing PMI - **Overall situation**: The non - manufacturing business activity index was 49.5% in November 2025, down 0.6 pct from the previous month, the first time below the boom - bust line since 2023. The service - sector sentiment was dragged down by factors such as the fading holiday effect, while the construction industry's sentiment improved [5][9]. - **Sub - item structure**: The inventory and new order indices of non - manufacturing declined, while the new export order index rose. The sales price and input price indices increased for two consecutive months. In the service sector, the financial industry and some new - energy industries showed good performance. The construction industry's business activity index increased, possibly boosted by financial activities and policy support [9]. Investment Suggestion The bond market has adjusted, and the impact of PMI data is expected to be limited. It is recommended to allocate 10 - year Treasury bonds with a taxable coupon yield above 1.8% when there are adjustments [2][9].

Revenue Insights - From January to October 2025, the national general public budget revenue reached 18.65 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.8%, with a growth rate improvement of 0.3 percentage points compared to January to September[1] - In October, the general public budget revenue recorded a year-on-year growth of 3.2%, up from 2.6% in September, driven primarily by tax revenue which grew by 8.6%[1][2] - Personal income tax showed a remarkable year-on-year growth of 27.3%, significantly higher than the previous value of 16.7%, making it a core driver of tax revenue growth[2] Expenditure Trends - General public budget expenditure from January to October 2025 totaled 22.58 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 2%[1] - In October, public budget expenditure decreased by 9.8%, marking the first negative growth of the year, attributed to earlier fiscal spending in the first half of the year and constraints from the annual deficit requirements[3] - Infrastructure spending saw a significant decline of 26.7%, indicating reduced support for traditional fiscal investment methods[5] Tax Revenue Dynamics - Non-tax revenue experienced a sharp decline of 33.0%, indicating an ongoing improvement in the quality of fiscal revenue[1] - Export tax rebates fell by 14.8%, suggesting a potential weakening in external demand, consistent with the downward trend in October's export growth[2] - The growth rate of securities transaction stamp duty normalized to 17.5%, down from a previous 342.4%, indicating a return to typical market conditions[2] Fiscal Policy Implications - The tightening of fiscal expenditure in October may necessitate an increase in the deficit ratio next year to support economic continuity, especially with the upcoming "14th Five-Year Plan"[3] - Local government land transfer revenue dropped by 27.3%, a significant increase in decline compared to the previous month's -1.0%, impacting government fund expenditures which fell by 38.2%[5]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the necessity of expanding domestic demand to drive China's economic recovery and achieve high-quality development, while also addressing the resilience of foreign trade amidst external shocks and the ongoing revaluation of Chinese assets in a global context [2][5][12]. Economic Outlook - The worst phase of the economic cycle is believed to be passing, as all economic leading indicators are showing upward trends for the first time in three years, indicating potential improvement in the economic cycle [5][6]. - The GDP growth target of 5% for the year is considered achievable based on the economic data from the first three quarters [5]. Domestic Demand and Consumption - Key measures to boost domestic consumption include the deployment of policy financial tools and the release of local debt limits, alongside efforts to stabilize expectations and strengthen confidence in the economy [7]. - Confidence in long-term economic transformation and mid-term price recovery is crucial, with a focus on observable price signals such as stock and housing prices [7]. Foreign Trade and External Demand - China's foreign trade shows strong resilience, but external demand is expected to face short-term adjustment pressures, with a moderate recovery anticipated in the first half of the following year [8]. - Eleven out of twenty leading indicators suggest a potential recovery in external demand, although caution is advised due to the risk of demand overextension [8]. Industry Policy and New Economic Growth - The article outlines a clear framework for modernizing the industrial system, categorizing industries into traditional, emerging, and future sectors, each requiring tailored policy support [9][10]. - Traditional industries will focus on quality improvement and efficiency, while emerging industries will see a shift from subsidies to market-oriented support [10][11]. Investment Strategy - The investment landscape suggests a shift from bonds to equities, with a focus on dividend strategies across various industries, particularly those with low valuations and high dividend yields [5][12]. - The article highlights the ongoing strong momentum for gold, driven by non-traditional macro factors, and suggests a long-term bullish outlook on gold as global order remains unstable [12][14].