9 月城投债净偿还同比收窄 新增 35 家主体声明市场化 —— 2025 年 9 月城投债发行审批月度跟踪 [[Table_R Table_Report eportTTime ime]] 2025 年 10 月 19 日 | [李一爽 Table_FirstA 固定uthor 收益]首席分析师 | | --- | | 执业编号：S1500520050002 | | 联系电话：+86 18817583889 | | 邮 箱：liyishuang@cindasc.com | | 朱金保 固定收益分析师 | | 执业编号：S1500524080002 | | 联系电话：+86 15850662789 | | 邮 箱：zhujinbao@cindasc.com | Xyue 证券研究报告 债券研究 [T债券able_ReportType] 专题 | ] [Table_A 李一爽 uthor固定收益首席分析师 | | --- | | 执业编号：S1500520050002 | | 联系电话：+86 18817583889 | | 邮 箱： liyishuang@cindasc.com | 朱金保 固定收益分析师 执业编 ...

Investment Rating - The industry investment rating is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - On October 13, NVIDIA released the white paper "800 VDC Architecture for Next-Generation AI Infrastructure," outlining its vision for "AI factories," which includes the new generation of open architecture rack servers and an expanded NVIDIA NVLink Fusion ecosystem [2][3] - The introduction of the 800VDC power supply system in NVIDIA's Vera Rubin GPU platform allows for a significant increase in power capacity from 200KW to 1MW per cabinet, indicating a clear trend towards HVDC technology [3] - The demand for high-end soft magnetic materials is expected to rise due to the higher voltage and current requirements of the 800V architecture, necessitating advancements in material performance [3] - The adoption of hollow-core fiber optics by cloud computing giants enhances data center interconnectivity, reducing latency over long distances, which is crucial for real-time data synchronization and AI model training [3] Summary by Sections HVDC Technology - The transition from UPS to medium-voltage rectifiers and eventually to SST solutions is outlined, with medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) already validated in industrial applications, suggesting low implementation difficulty [3] - SST solutions are projected to be more efficient, potentially saving about 50% in space, thus providing more operational flexibility for future data center management [3] Soft Magnetic Materials - The 800V architecture's requirements for magnetic components necessitate higher performance materials, with ferrite materials being particularly suitable [3] Hollow-Core Fiber Optics - Hollow-core fiber optics are noted for their advantages in speed, signal loss reduction, and signal quality improvement, which are critical for enhancing data center operations [3] Investment Recommendations - Suggested companies to watch include: 1. HVDC: Zhongheng Electric, Igor, Sunshine Power, Jinpan Technology, Heweih Electric 2. Soft Magnetic Materials: Hengdian Dongci, Jinli Permanent Magnet 3. Hollow-Core Fiber: Zhongtian Technology, Hengtong Optic-Electric [4]

IMO 投票决定净零排放框架讨论推迟至 2026 年 【】【】[Table_Industry] 环保周报 [Table_ReportDate] 2025 年 10 月 19 日 15666646523.tcy 证券研究报告 郭雪 环保联席首席分析师 执业编号：S1500525030002 邮箱：guoxue@cindasc.com 吴柏莹 环保行业分析师 执业编号：S1500524100001 邮箱：wuboying@cindasc.com 信达证券股份有限公司 CINDASECURITIESCO.，LTD 北京市西城区宣武门西大街甲127号金隅大厦 B座 邮编：100031 [Table_Title] IMO 投票决定净零排放框架讨论推迟至 2026 年 行业研究——周报 [Table_ReportType] 行业周报 [Table_StockAndRank] 环保 投资评级 看好 2025 年 10 月 19 日 本期内容提要: 请阅读最后一页免责声明及信息披露 http://www.cindasc.com 2 上次评级 看好 [Table_Author] 化工行业： [Table_Summary] [T ...

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the light industry manufacturing sector is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The report emphasizes the importance of valuation shifts in Hong Kong's new consumption sector while advocating for a stable investment in traditional leading companies [2] - The paper discusses various segments within the light industry, including paper manufacturing, exports, new tobacco products, smart glasses, gold and jewelry, two-wheeled vehicles, cross-border e-commerce, pet products, IP retail, and maternal and child products, highlighting growth opportunities and market dynamics [2][3][4][5] Summary by Relevant Sections Paper Manufacturing - UPM announced a two-week maintenance shutdown at its Fray Bentos pulp mill, which is expected to lead to a slight increase in pulp prices in Q4. The report anticipates a moderate recovery in cultural paper prices due to limited new capacity and upcoming publishing tenders [2][3] Exports - The report notes that Yi Yi plans to increase its stake in the "Gao Ye Jia" brand, which is expected to contribute significantly to profits by 2026. Additionally, a recent anti-dumping investigation in Canada may benefit compliant leading companies [2][3] New Tobacco Products - Smoore International reported Q3 revenue of 4.196 billion yuan, reflecting a 27.5% quarter-on-quarter increase. The company is expanding its presence in Europe with its HILO brand [2][3] Smart Glasses - Yingmu launched its first multi-SKU smart glasses, addressing user pain points with innovative designs and improved comfort [3] Gold and Jewelry - Lao Pu Gold and Chow Tai Fook are actively engaging in promotional activities, with Lao Pu announcing a price adjustment on October 26. The report expects a boost in sales due to seasonal demand and rising gold prices [3][4] Two-Wheeled Vehicles - Dahon's sales channels are performing well, with significant growth in both offline and online sales. The company is expanding its product range and enhancing its supply chain [3][4] Cross-Border E-Commerce - Karote is adjusting its strategy to mitigate the impact of US-China tariffs, focusing on product diversification and market expansion in the US and Japan [3][4] Pet Products - Zhongchong reported a 15.9% year-on-year increase in revenue for Q3, driven by strong performance in its self-owned brands and overseas business [4] IP Retail - Pop Mart is deepening its long-term IP strategy, while Miniso is accelerating its fashion crossover initiatives to enhance brand value [4][5] Maternal and Child Products - The report highlights the growth of the toy segment within maternal and child retail, driven by innovative store models and IP collaborations [5]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the utility sector is "Positive" [2] Core Insights - The report highlights the recent release of mechanism electricity prices for new projects in Xinjiang and Gansu, with solar power priced at 0.235 yuan/kWh and wind power at 0.252 yuan/kWh [4] - The report indicates that the power sector is expected to see profit improvement and value reassessment following multiple rounds of supply-demand tensions in the electricity market [4] - The ongoing market reforms in electricity pricing are anticipated to lead to a gradual increase in electricity prices, benefiting power operators [4] Summary by Sections Market Performance - As of October 17, the utility sector declined by 0.7%, outperforming the broader market, which saw a 2.2% drop [11] - The electricity sector specifically saw a decrease of 0.66%, while the gas sector fell by 0.99% [13] Electricity Industry Data Tracking - The price of thermal coal at Qinhuangdao Port (Q5500) increased by 34 yuan/ton week-on-week, reaching 740 yuan/ton as of October 17 [20] - Coal inventory at Qinhuangdao Port decreased by 960,000 tons week-on-week, totaling 5.45 million tons [25] - Daily coal consumption in inland provinces was 3.107 million tons, down 312,000 tons/day from the previous week [28] Natural Gas Industry Data Tracking - The LNG ex-factory price index in Shanghai was 4,013 yuan/ton, down 20.19% year-on-year and 0.32% week-on-week [51] - The EU's natural gas supply increased by 8.8% year-on-year, reaching 6.07 billion cubic meters in week 41 of 2025 [58] Key Industry News - The mechanism electricity prices for solar and wind projects in Xinjiang were announced, with a total of 67 projects selected [4] - The release of the "Regulations on Fair and Open Supervision of Oil and Gas Pipeline Facilities" marks a significant step in China's oil and gas market reform [4] Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on national coal power leaders such as Guodian Power, Huaneng International, and Huadian International, as well as regional leaders in tight supply areas [4] - For natural gas, companies with low-cost long-term gas sources and receiving station assets are expected to benefit from market conditions [4]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the steel industry is "Positive" [2] Core Viewpoints - The steel sector has faced a decline of 2.62% this week, underperforming the broader market, with specific segments like special steel down 4.47% and long products down 2.47% [10] - Despite current challenges, including supply-demand imbalances and declining profits, the implementation of "stability growth" policies is expected to support steel demand, particularly in real estate and infrastructure [3][10] - The report suggests that the steel industry is likely to maintain a stable supply-demand situation, with potential for value recovery in undervalued companies, especially those with high gross margins and strong cost control [3] Supply Situation - As of October 17, the capacity utilization rate for blast furnaces in sample steel companies is 90.3%, a decrease of 0.22 percentage points week-on-week [24] - The average daily pig iron output is 2.4095 million tons, down 0.59 tons week-on-week but up 78,700 tons year-on-year [24] - The total output of five major steel products is 7.489 million tons, a decrease of 45,200 tons week-on-week [24] Demand Situation - The consumption of five major steel products reached 8.754 million tons as of October 17, an increase of 123,980 tons week-on-week, representing a 16.50% rise [33] - The transaction volume of construction steel by mainstream traders is 97,000 tons, down 1.24 tons week-on-week [33] Inventory Situation - Social inventory of five major steel products is 11.258 million tons, a decrease of 23,200 tons week-on-week, but an increase of 28.51% year-on-year [41] - Factory inventory of five major steel products is 4.564 million tons, down 161,400 tons week-on-week [41] Steel Prices & Profits - The comprehensive index for ordinary steel is 3,415.7 yuan/ton, down 44.57 yuan/ton week-on-week, and down 11.93% year-on-year [47] - The profit for rebar produced in blast furnaces is -66 yuan/ton, a decrease of 44 yuan/ton week-on-week [55] - The profit for electric arc furnace construction steel is -146 yuan/ton, an increase of 6 yuan/ton week-on-week [55] Raw Material Situation - The spot price index for Australian iron ore (62% Fe) is 781 yuan/ton, down 12 yuan/ton week-on-week [69] - The price of coking coal at the port is 1,690 yuan/ton, up 30 yuan/ton week-on-week [69] - The average profit for independent coking enterprises is -13 yuan/ton, down 22% week-on-week [69] Investment Suggestions - The report recommends focusing on regional leading companies with advanced equipment and environmental standards, as well as those with strong growth potential and cost control capabilities [3]

Group 1: Report's Overall Information - Report Title: 3Y within General Credit Bonds and 3 - 5Y Tier 2 and Perpetual Bonds Spread Continues to Compress - Credit Spread Weekly Tracking 20251018 [1] - Report Date: October 18, 2025 [2] - Report Type: Special Report [2] Group 2: Report's Core Views - Interest rates are oscillating, and credit bonds continue to recover. The spreads of 1Y medium - low grade and 3Y medium - high grade bonds have significantly compressed. Credit spreads have generally converged, with short - duration spreads having a larger convergence amplitude. [2][5] - Urban investment bond spreads have generally declined by 4 - 5BP, with spreads of different external ratings and administrative levels all showing a downward trend. [2][9] - Most industrial bond spreads have declined, but the spreads of mixed - ownership real estate bonds have still increased. The spreads of central and state - owned enterprise real estate bonds have declined, while those of mixed - ownership and private real estate bonds have increased. The spreads of coal, steel, and chemical bonds have mostly declined. [2][20] - The yields of Tier 2 and perpetual bonds have all declined this week, and the spreads of 3 - 5Y bonds have continued to recover, with high - grade varieties performing better. [2][31] - The excess spread of 3Y industrial perpetual bonds has increased, while the excess spread of 5Y urban investment bonds has decreased. [2][34] Group 3: Summary by Directory I. Interest rates oscillate, and credit bonds continue to recover, with the spreads of 1Y medium - low grade and 3Y medium - high grade bonds significantly compressing - Interest rate bonds have maintained an oscillating pattern. The yields of 1Y, 3Y, 5Y, and 7Y China Development Bank bonds have increased by 1BP, 2BP, 1BP, and 2BP respectively compared to last week, while the yield of 10Y bonds has decreased by 1BP. [2][5] - Most credit bond yields have declined, and credit spreads have significantly converged. Short - duration credit spreads have a larger convergence amplitude. [2][5] - In terms of rating spreads, the spreads of different grades and terms have shown different changes. In terms of term spreads, the spreads of different grades and terms have also shown different trends. [5] II. Urban investment bond spreads have generally declined by 4 - 5BP - The credit spreads of external rating AAA platforms have generally declined by 4BP compared to last week, while those of AA+ and AA have both declined by 5BP. Spreads of platforms in different regions have different degrees of decline. [2][9] - In terms of administrative levels, the credit spreads of provincial platforms have generally declined by 4BP, while those of municipal and district - county platforms have both declined by 5BP. Spreads of platforms in different regions have different degrees of decline. [2][17] III. Most industrial bond spreads have declined, but the spreads of mixed - ownership real estate bonds have still increased - The spreads of central and state - owned enterprise real estate bonds have declined by 4BP, while those of mixed - ownership real estate bonds have increased by 46BP, and those of private real estate bonds have increased by 1BP. The spreads of some real estate companies have different degrees of change. [2][20] - The spreads of all grades of coal bonds have declined by 4BP; the spreads of AAA steel bonds have declined by 4BP, and those of AA+ have declined by 5BP; the spreads of AAA chemical bonds have declined by 4BP, and those of AA+ have declined by 5BP. The spreads of some companies have different degrees of decline. [2][20] IV. The spreads of 3 - 5Y Tier 2 and perpetual bonds continue to recover - The yields of 1Y Tier 2 capital bonds of all grades have declined by 1BP, and perpetual bonds have remained roughly flat, with credit spreads declining by 2 - 3BP. [2][31] - The yields of 3Y Tier 2 capital bonds of all grades have declined by 3 - 4BP, and the yields of perpetual bonds have declined by 2 - 3BP, with spreads compressing by 5 - 7BP. [2][31] - The yields of 5Y Tier 2 capital bonds of all grades have declined by 2 - 3BP, and the yields of all grades of perpetual bonds have declined by 3 - 5BP, with spreads declining by 3 - 6BP. [2][31] V. The excess spread of 3Y industrial perpetual bonds has increased, while the excess spread of 5Y urban investment bonds has decreased - The excess spread of industrial AAA 3Y perpetual bonds has increased by 0.99BP compared to last week to 15.51BP, at the 41.31% quantile since 2015. The excess spread of industrial 5Y perpetual bonds has remained flat compared to last week at 12.39BP, at the 25.90% quantile since 2015. [2][34] - The excess spread of urban investment AAA 3Y perpetual bonds has increased by 0.15BP to 4.97BP, at the 3.01% quantile. The excess spread of urban investment AAA 5Y perpetual bonds has declined by 3.39BP to 11.08BP, at the 16.73% quantile. [2][34] VI. Credit spread database compilation instructions - The overall market credit spreads, commercial bank Tier 2 and perpetual bond spreads, and urban investment/industrial perpetual bond credit spreads are calculated based on ChinaBond medium - short - term notes and ChinaBond perpetual bond data, with historical quantiles since the beginning of 2015. The credit spreads related to urban investment and industrial bonds are compiled and statistically analyzed by Cinda Securities R & D Center, with historical quantiles since the beginning of 2015. [39] - The calculation methods for various spreads and the sample selection criteria for industrial and urban investment bonds are provided. [41]

- The report introduces the **Cinda-VIX volatility index**, which reflects investors' expectations of future volatility in the options market. The index is based on methodologies from international practices and adjusted for the characteristics of China's options market. It includes a term structure to capture volatility expectations across different time horizons. As of October 17, 2025, the 30-day Cinda-VIX values for major indices are: 22.97 for SSE 50, 24.07 for CSI 300, 35.47 for CSI 500, and 30.70 for CSI 1000[61][62][63] - The report also discusses the **Cinda-SKEW index**, which measures the skewness of implied volatility across different strike prices of options. This index helps investors understand market expectations regarding the distribution of future returns and potential tail risks. Higher SKEW values indicate increased concerns about significant market downturns. As of October 17, 2025, the SKEW values for major indices are: 103.13 for SSE 50, 102.83 for CSI 300, 99.44 for CSI 500, and 99.76 for CSI 1000[68][72][74] - The report evaluates **four futures hedging strategies** based on CSI 500, CSI 300, SSE 50, and CSI 1000 indices. These strategies include "continuous monthly hedging," "continuous quarterly hedging," and "minimum discount hedging." The strategies are tested over the period from July 22, 2022, to October 17, 2025. Key metrics such as annualized return, volatility, maximum drawdown, net value, annual turnover, and year-to-date returns are analyzed for each strategy. For example, the minimum discount strategy for CSI 500 futures achieved an annualized return of -1.54%, a volatility of 4.60%, and a maximum drawdown of -7.97%[44][47][46] - The **annualized basis adjustment model** is introduced to account for the impact of dividend expectations on futures basis. The formula used is: $ Annualized\ Basis = (Actual\ Basis + (Expected\ Dividend\ Points))/Index\ Price \times 360/Days\ to\ Maturity $ This adjustment ensures that the basis reflects the dividend impact during the contract's lifetime[19][20][21] - The report provides **dividend point forecasts** for the next year for major indices: CSI 500 (81.96), CSI 300 (83.80), SSE 50 (68.34), and CSI 1000 (62.81). Additionally, the dividend points for specific contracts are estimated, such as 2.16 for IC2511, 3.95 for IF2511, 4.91 for IH2511, and 1.19 for IM2511[9][11][15][17] - The **performance of the hedging strategies** for each index is detailed. For example, the minimum discount strategy for CSI 300 futures achieved an annualized return of 1.23%, a volatility of 3.07%, and a maximum drawdown of -4.06%. For SSE 50 futures, the minimum discount strategy achieved an annualized return of 1.73%, a volatility of 3.05%, and a maximum drawdown of -3.91%. For CSI 1000 futures, the minimum discount strategy achieved an annualized return of -4.17%, a volatility of 5.55%, and a maximum drawdown of -11.11%[52][56][58]

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the airline transportation industry is "Positive" [2]. Core Viewpoints - The industry has maintained a high passenger load factor since the beginning of 2025, with domestic airlines focusing on low growth in capacity while increasing investment in international routes. The supply remains tight with a net fleet growth rate below 3%. The passenger load factor has improved year-on-year and compared to the same period in 2019, particularly in domestic routes. Domestic turnover has shown steady growth, while international turnover has significantly recovered to 2019 levels. Ticket prices have turned positive during the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays, with demand remaining robust. The fourth quarter is expected to see improvements in year-on-year comparisons due to a low base from the previous year, which will support the recovery of unit revenue for airlines [12][13][36]. Summary by Sections Investment Suggestions - The report suggests focusing on airlines such as China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Air China, Spring Airlines, and Juneyao Airlines due to the expected recovery in unit revenue and profitability [13][36]. Passenger Load Factor and Ticket Prices - The passenger load factor remains high, with the industry achieving a load factor of 87.5% in August 2025, up 0.6 percentage points year-on-year and 0.9 percentage points compared to 2019. Domestic turnover increased by 3.5% year-on-year, while international and regional routes have recovered to 100.4% of 2019 levels [15][19]. - Ticket prices have shown a positive trend, with the average domestic ticket price reaching 942 RMB during the National Day holiday, reflecting a year-on-year decrease of only 1.5%. The average ticket price for early October 2025 was up 2.2% year-on-year [4][23]. Oil Prices and Exchange Rates - The average aviation fuel price in October 2025 was 5572 RMB per ton, a slight decrease of 0.1% year-on-year. The Brent crude oil price has also decreased, with an average of 64.25 USD per barrel in October, down 16.7% year-on-year. The Chinese Yuan has appreciated against the US Dollar, with the exchange rate at 7.0968 RMB per USD as of October 16, 2025 [5][36][40]. Airline Operations and Fleet Growth - Airlines have continued to invest in international capacity, with domestic and international passenger load factors remaining high. In September 2025, the domestic load factor for major airlines showed significant year-on-year increases, with China Eastern Airlines leading with a 3.4 percentage point increase compared to 2019 [41][44]. - In terms of fleet growth, Air China had the highest net increase in aircraft in September 2025, adding 5 aircraft, while other airlines also showed modest growth [6][41].

Group 1: Price Trends - Food prices have been in negative territory for several months, but consumer goods are driving a rebound in CPI, marking the first divergence since food prices turned negative[1] - In September, the PPI for non-ferrous, black, and energy sectors all saw year-on-year increases, with black PPI showing the largest rise[1] - The core CPI reached a new high for the year at 1%, indicating potential structural policy tools may be more effective moving forward[1] Group 2: Financial Data Insights - The divergence between social financing (社融) growth and loan balance growth that began in December 2024 appears to have ended, suggesting a return to synchronized growth[1] - The M2-M1 spread has narrowed further, indicating an increase in the liquidity of funds, which historically correlates with positive stock market performance[1] - In September, M2 growth slowed while M1 growth increased, reflecting a more active financial environment[1] Group 3: Economic Policy Implications - Current inflation levels are under pressure, necessitating a continuation of loose monetary policy, as both CPI and PPI remain in negative territory[1] - The government's CPI target for 2025 is set at around 2%, the lowest since 2003, indicating a cautious approach to inflation management[1] - The ongoing anti-involution policies are expected to support PPI recovery, with potential for CPI to turn positive in Q4 2025[1] Group 4: Risk Factors - Geopolitical risks and unexpected increases in international oil prices are highlighted as potential threats to economic stability[1]