Quantitative Models and Construction Quantitative Model Framework: Asset Style Rotation - **Model Name**: Asset Style Rotation Framework - **Model Construction Idea**: The model identifies asset styles based on intrinsic attributes tied to industry lifecycle changes, categorizing assets into five style stages: external growth, quality growth, quality dividend, value dividend, and bankruptcy value. It aims to determine the dominant market style by comparing asset advantages using a priority sequence of g > ROE > D[5][6][9] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Step 1**: Define five asset style stages based on industry lifecycle changes - **Step 2**: Compare asset advantages using the sequence g > ROE > D, where: - g represents growth rate - ROE represents return on equity - D represents dividend yield - **Step 3**: Evaluate whether assets are "good" and whether they are "expensive" to identify advantageous assets - **Step 4**: Focus on the most advantageous sectors based on the current market environment[5][6][9] - **Model Evaluation**: The framework has demonstrated strong explanatory power for A-share style rotation since 2009, achieving an annualized return of 27.35%[16] - **Model Testing Results**: - Annualized return since 2009: 27.35% - Historical excess returns in specific years (e.g., 2017: 27%, 2020: 44%, 2024: 52%)[16][19] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Factor: Pre-Expected Growth (gf) - **Factor Name**: Pre-Expected Growth (gf) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Focuses on analyst expectations for high growth sectors, regardless of lifecycle stage[6] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Step 1**: Use analyst forecasts to identify sectors with high expected growth - **Step 2**: Calculate the spread (Δgf) between top-performing and bottom-performing groups to measure growth advantage[21] - **Factor Evaluation**: Δgf continues to expand, indicating strong analyst optimism for high-growth sectors[21][31] - **Factor Testing Results**: Δgf expansion observed, with top-performing sectors showing significant upward adjustments[21][31] Factor: Actual Growth (g) - **Factor Name**: Actual Growth (g) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures performance momentum during transition and growth stages[6] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Step 1**: Calculate the spread (Δg) between top-performing and bottom-performing groups based on actual growth rates - **Step 2**: Evaluate industry momentum and growth differentiation[25] - **Factor Evaluation**: Δg continues to contract, suggesting reduced differentiation in growth performance across sectors[25] - **Factor Testing Results**: Δg contraction observed, with top-performing groups declining and bottom-performing groups improving[25] Factor: ROE (Return on Equity) - **Factor Name**: ROE (Return on Equity) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Focuses on valuation levels under the PB-ROE framework during mature stages[6] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Step 1**: Identify high ROE sectors - **Step 2**: Evaluate valuation levels using PB-ROE residuals - **Step 3**: Measure asset advantage differences using ROE spread[27] - **Factor Evaluation**: ROE advantage has bottomed out and started to recover, indicating potential fundamental improvement[27][31] - **Factor Testing Results**: ROE spread shows recovery, with low beta exposure and reduced crowding in top-performing groups[27][30] Factor: Dividend Yield (D) - **Factor Name**: Dividend Yield (D) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Focuses on dividend yield and additional characteristics during mature stages[6] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Step 1**: Identify high dividend yield sectors - **Step 2**: Measure crowding levels and evaluate attractiveness based on yield spreads[31] - **Factor Evaluation**: High dividend yield assets remain crowded, and further overweighting is not recommended[31] - **Factor Testing Results**: Elevated crowding levels observed since mid-2024, with limited attractiveness under current market conditions[31][33] Factor: Bankruptcy Value (PB+SIZE) - **Factor Name**: Bankruptcy Value (PB+SIZE) - **Factor Construction Idea**: Focuses on valuation and restructuring expectations during stagnation and recession stages[6] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Step 1**: Identify sectors with low PB and small market capitalization - **Step 2**: Evaluate attractiveness based on PB+SIZE scores[49] - **Factor Evaluation**: Demonstrated significant excess returns during specific periods (e.g., 2015-2016, 2021-2023)[49] - **Factor Testing Results**: Recent recommendations include sectors such as animal vaccines, fuel gas, and textile products, with positive performance over the past three months[49] --- Backtesting Results for Strategies Pre-Expected Growth Strategy - **Recommended Sectors**: Culture and entertainment, lithium batteries, PCB, shipbuilding, tungsten[35] - **Performance Metrics**: - Culture and entertainment: +12.80% - Lithium batteries: +49.71% - PCB: +37.74% - Shipbuilding: +7.21% - Tungsten: +52.27%[35] Actual Growth Strategy - **Recommended Sectors**: Coal chemical, battery services, lithium chemical products, rare earth and magnetic materials, other home appliances[38] - **Performance Metrics**: - Coal chemical: +13.04% - Battery services: +28.25% - Lithium chemical products: +62.42% - Rare earth and magnetic materials: +26.15% - Other home appliances: +53.68%[38] ROE Strategy - **Recommended Sectors**: Agriculture, liquor, power distribution equipment, non-dairy beverages, network connection and tower setup[40] - **Performance Metrics**: - Agriculture: +4.31% - Liquor: +2.35% - Power distribution equipment: +13.72% - Non-dairy beverages: +4.82% - Network connection and tower setup: +80.30%[40] Quality Dividend Strategy - **Recommended Sectors**: Glass fiber, boiler equipment, automotive motors and controls, lithium battery equipment, network connection and tower setup[43] - **Performance Metrics**: - Glass fiber: +28.94% - Boiler equipment: +28.42% - Automotive motors and controls: +59.57% - Lithium battery equipment: +68.04% - Network connection and tower setup: +80.30%[43] Value Dividend Strategy - **Recommended Sectors**: Security, daily chemicals, pet food, service robots, network connection and tower setup[46] - **Performance Metrics**: - Security: +16.06% - Daily chemicals: -0.98% - Pet food: -5.82% - Service robots: +0.01% - Network connection and tower setup: +80.30%[46] Bankruptcy Value Strategy - **Recommended Sectors**: Animal vaccines, fuel gas, textile products, dyeing, building decoration[49] - **Performance Metrics**: - Animal vaccines: +8.59% - Fuel gas: +15.29% - Textile products: +10.19% - Dyeing: +9.37% - Building decoration: +11.57%[49]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company, considering the sustained high demand for high-end optical modules driven by AI [4]. Core Insights - The company achieved significant revenue growth, with a reported revenue of approximately 250.05 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 44.43%. The net profit attributable to shareholders reached approximately 71.32 billion yuan, up 90.05% year-on-year [1]. - The company is a leader in the 1.6T and silicon photonics optical module sectors, with key customers beginning to deploy 1.6T technology and increasing orders, indicating a strong growth trajectory for the upcoming quarters [2]. - The optical module industry is experiencing rapid growth, particularly due to increased capital expenditures from major overseas clients for AI data center construction, which is expected to drive demand for optical modules in 2025-2026 [3]. Financial Performance Summary - For Q3 2025, the company reported a single-quarter revenue of 102.16 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 56.83%, with a gross margin of 43%. The net profit for the quarter was 33.27 billion yuan, reflecting a quarter-on-quarter increase of 30.38% [1]. - The company forecasts revenues of 396.40 billion yuan, 685.00 billion yuan, and 854.40 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively, with net profits projected at 111.90 billion yuan, 192.30 billion yuan, and 239.73 billion yuan for the same years [4]. - The report highlights a consistent increase in profit margins across quarters, with strong cash flow and favorable balance sheet metrics [1][4].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company [5][7]. Core Insights - The company reported a revenue of 26.304 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, representing a year-on-year growth of 29.98%. However, the net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 5.29% to 766 million yuan [3]. - The company has a robust order backlog of 46.89 GW as of September 30, 2025, indicating strong future revenue potential [4]. - The company is positioned as a leader in offshore wind power, with significant advancements in technology and a growing international presence, having secured orders in multiple European markets [5]. Financial Performance Summary - For Q3 2025, the company achieved a revenue of approximately 9.161 billion yuan, an increase of 8.53% year-on-year, but a decrease of 2.95% quarter-on-quarter. The net profit for the same quarter was about 156 million yuan, up 5.39% year-on-year but down 49.38% quarter-on-quarter [3]. - The gross margin for the first three quarters of 2025 was approximately 11.47%, down 3.73 percentage points year-on-year, while the net margin was around 3.00%, down 1.27 percentage points year-on-year [3]. - The company expects revenues of 42.15 billion yuan, 49.59 billion yuan, and 52.26 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, with corresponding net profits of 1.167 billion yuan, 2.287 billion yuan, and 2.943 billion yuan [6]. Segment Performance Summary - In the wind turbine manufacturing segment, the company generated sales revenue of 20.518 billion yuan, with external sales of 12.28 GW, a year-on-year increase of 59.50%. The onshore wind turbine shipment increased by 73.53% to approximately 11.02 GW, while offshore shipments decreased by 6.61% to about 1.258 GW [4]. - The power station transfer segment saw sales revenue of 3.746 billion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 77.28% [4]. - As of September 30, 2025, the company had a self-operated power station grid-connected capacity of 2,048 MW and a construction capacity of 4,062 MW [4].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company [5] Core Views - The company reported a revenue of 50.915 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, a year-on-year decrease of 13.10%, with a net loss attributable to shareholders of 3.403 billion yuan, which is an improvement compared to the same period last year [1] - In Q3 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 18.101 billion yuan, down 9.78% year-on-year and 5.53% quarter-on-quarter, with a net loss of 834 million yuan, showing a narrowing of losses [1][2] - The company is experiencing operational losses due to the competitive environment in the photovoltaic industry, where product prices have fallen below industry cost lines [2] - The company is optimistic about price recovery as the "anti-involution" measures in the photovoltaic sector are being implemented, leading to price increases for silicon materials and wafers [2] - The company is committed to advancing its BC technology, achieving a battery efficiency of 27.81% and a module efficiency of over 26% in the first half of 2025, setting new records in the industry [3] - Revenue projections for 2025-2027 are estimated at 70.199 billion yuan, 82.576 billion yuan, and 90.024 billion yuan respectively, with net profits expected to be -4.019 billion yuan, 2.577 billion yuan, and 4.904 billion yuan [3][4] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For Q3 2025, the company reported a revenue of 18.101 billion yuan, a decrease of 9.78% year-on-year and 5.53% quarter-on-quarter, with a net loss of 834 million yuan [1] - The first three quarters of 2025 saw a total revenue of 50.915 billion yuan, with a net loss of 3.403 billion yuan [1] Market Environment - The photovoltaic industry is facing challenges with product prices falling below cost lines, leading to operational losses for the company [2] - Recent price increases in silicon materials and wafers are expected to improve profitability as the "anti-involution" measures take effect [2] Technology and Innovation - The company is focused on enhancing its BC technology, achieving significant efficiency improvements in its products [3] - The company anticipates that by the end of 2025, over 60% of its high-efficiency battery capacity will be based on HPBC2.0 technology [3] Future Projections - Revenue forecasts for 2025-2027 are 70.199 billion yuan, 82.576 billion yuan, and 90.024 billion yuan, with net profits projected to improve significantly by 2027 [3][4]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company [5] Core Views - The company achieved a revenue of 8.846 billion yuan in the first three quarters of 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 10.36%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 2.347 billion yuan, up 4.79% year-on-year [1] - The company has seen significant growth in its energy storage battery packs, driven by increasing global demand for household energy storage [3] - The company is actively launching new products and iterating existing ones, particularly in the commercial energy storage inverter segment, which has shown substantial growth [2] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - In Q3 2025, the company reported a revenue of 3.311 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 1.32% and a quarter-on-quarter increase of 11.51%. The net profit attributable to shareholders was 825 million yuan, down 17.84% year-on-year but up 1.00% quarter-on-quarter [1] - The company forecasts revenues of 12.608 billion yuan, 15.118 billion yuan, and 17.577 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027, respectively, with corresponding growth rates of 12.5%, 19.9%, and 16.3% [4] Product Development - The company has introduced new off-grid energy storage inverter models ranging from 3.6-6KW and expanded its commercial energy storage solutions to a power range of 100kW-2.5MW [2] - The company is focusing on overseas markets, particularly in regions like Africa and Europe, where demand for commercial energy storage is rapidly increasing due to supportive policies and rising electricity prices [2] Market Outlook - The global energy storage market remains robust, with the company positioned to benefit from high demand in emerging markets such as Pakistan and Nigeria, as well as in Australia, where subsidies are expected to drive growth [2] - The company anticipates continued strong growth in its energy storage battery business, which is expected to enhance overall profitability [3]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company, with a closing price of 22.69 CNY per share as of November 3, 2025 [6]. Core Views - The company has achieved record sales in October, with wholesale sales reaching 143,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 22.5% and a month-on-month increase of 7.1%. Cumulative sales from January to October reached 1.066 million units, up 9.9% year-on-year [1]. - The introduction of new models, particularly the Tank 400, is expected to enhance brand positioning and drive sales growth. The new model features advanced technology and is aimed at improving the driving experience [2]. - The Haval brand continues to perform well, with sales of 88,000 units in October, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 21.4% and a month-on-month increase of 7.7%. The launch of new models is expected to further strengthen market competitiveness [3]. - The company's overseas sales are also on the rise, with October sales reaching 57,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 28.7% and a month-on-month increase of 13.7%. The company is making progress in localizing production in Australia, which is anticipated to boost overseas sales [3]. Summary by Sections Sales Performance - In October, the company reported a wholesale sales figure of 143,000 units, with significant contributions from various brands: Haval (88,000 units), Wey (13,000 units), Pickup (14,000 units), Ora (6,000 units), and Tank (22,000 units) [1]. - Cumulative sales for the first ten months of the year reached 1.066 million units, with Haval and Wey brands showing notable year-on-year growth [1]. New Product Launches - The Tank 400 was launched for pre-sale on October 21, 2025, with advanced features aimed at enhancing the driving experience and promoting brand high-end positioning [2]. - Haval's new models, including the 2026 version of the Big Dog and the Menglong, are expected to drive sales through competitive pricing and upgraded features [3]. Financial Projections - The company forecasts revenues of 226.78 billion CNY in 2025, 289.8 billion CNY in 2026, and 318.78 billion CNY in 2027, with corresponding net profits of 12.67 billion CNY, 17.52 billion CNY, and 19.4 billion CNY respectively [4][5]. - The projected PE ratios for the upcoming years are 15 for 2025, 11 for 2026, and 10 for 2027, indicating a favorable valuation outlook [4][5].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company [6]. Core Views - The company focuses on profit-first strategies and has a strong growth in energy storage business [2][3]. - The company has achieved a global module shipment of 19.9GW in the first three quarters of 2025, with a third-quarter shipment of 5.1GW [2]. - The company has a robust order reserve in the energy storage segment, with a total order amount of approximately $3 billion as of June 30, 2025 [3]. - The company has demonstrated strong operating cash flow, with a net cash flow from operating activities of approximately 5.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 120.9% [3]. Financial Performance Summary - For the first three quarters of 2025, the company reported a revenue of 31.27 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 8.51%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 989 million yuan, down 49.41% year-on-year [1]. - In Q3 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 10.22 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 16.38%, and a net profit of 258 million yuan, down 63.96% year-on-year [1]. - The company expects revenues for 2025-2027 to be 39.169 billion, 45.891 billion, and 55.148 billion yuan, with corresponding growth rates of -15.2%, 17.2%, and 20.2% [4]. - The projected net profit for the same period is 1.372 billion, 2.910 billion, and 3.718 billion yuan, with growth rates of -38.9%, +112.0%, and +27.8% respectively [4].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for Spring Airlines [6] Core Views - The company reported a revenue of 16.8 billion yuan for the first three quarters of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 5.0%, while the net profit attributable to shareholders decreased by 10.3% to 2.34 billion yuan [1] - In Q3 2025, the company experienced a revenue of 6.5 billion yuan, up 6.0% year-on-year, but the net profit decreased by 6.2% to 1.17 billion yuan, indicating a decline in profitability due to pressure on passenger kilometer revenue [1][3] - The report highlights that the company's capacity deployment increased by 14% year-on-year, with an overall seat occupancy rate of 92.5%, remaining stable compared to Q3 2024 [2] - The decline in passenger kilometer revenue is attributed to falling ticket prices during the summer season and on routes to Japan, with domestic ticket prices down 3.9% year-on-year [4] Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For Q1-Q3 2025, the company achieved a revenue of 16.8 billion yuan, with a net profit of 2.34 billion yuan, reflecting a 10.3% decline year-on-year [1] - The Q3 2025 gross margin was 23.8%, down 1.9 percentage points year-on-year, while unit costs decreased by 4.7% [3] Capacity and Utilization - The company increased its capacity deployment by 14% year-on-year, with international capacity growing by 25% [2] - The domestic route capacity increased by 11%, maintaining a seat occupancy rate of 93.5% [2] Cost and Revenue Dynamics - The report notes that the decline in passenger kilometer revenue is due to industry price reductions, with a 7.5% year-on-year drop in overall seat kilometer revenue [3] - The report anticipates a recovery in revenue driven by improved supply-demand dynamics and a potential rebound in ticket prices [4] Future Outlook - The report projects a net profit of 2.4 billion yuan for 2025, with estimates for 2026 and 2027 at 2.96 billion yuan and 3.47 billion yuan, respectively [5] - The current stock price corresponds to a price-to-earnings ratio of 22 for 2025, 18 for 2026, and 15 for 2027 [5]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for the company, indicating a potential upside of over 15% relative to the benchmark index [5]. Core Insights - The company has shown significant improvement in profitability, with a year-on-year increase in net profit of 102% for the first three quarters of 2025, driven by reduced unit costs and improved load factors [1][2]. - The company is expected to continue benefiting from a favorable operational environment, with unit revenue projected to rise and unit costs to decline, leading to enhanced profit margins [3]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For the first three quarters of 2025, the company reported revenues of 5.73 billion yuan, up 11% year-on-year, and a net profit of 620 million yuan, up 102% year-on-year [1]. - In Q3 2025 alone, revenues reached 2.12 billion yuan, a 9.3% increase year-on-year, with net profit at 370 million yuan, reflecting a 32% increase [1]. Cost Management - The unit cost decreased by 4.1% year-on-year in Q3 2025, aided by improved utilization rates and a drop in fuel prices, which fell by 12% year-on-year [2]. - The company has also begun to reverse credit impairment losses, indicating improved cash flow from customers [2]. Revenue Drivers - The company has maintained stable unit revenue despite industry-wide price declines, supported by institutional contracts that insulate it from price fluctuations [3]. - The demand for leisure travel has remained strong, contributing to better-than-expected performance in traditionally low-demand periods [3]. Profit Forecast - The report forecasts net profits of 620 million yuan, 850 million yuan, and 1.13 billion yuan for 2025, 2026, and 2027 respectively, with corresponding growth rates of 129.7%, 38.0%, and 33.6% [4][10]. - The projected earnings per share for the same years are 0.48 yuan, 0.66 yuan, and 0.89 yuan, with price-to-earnings ratios decreasing from 22 in 2025 to 12 in 2027 [4][10].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for China Southern Airlines [6][8]. Core Views - The company's Q3 earnings showed a year-on-year growth, driven by improved cost management despite revenue pressures from declining prices [3][4]. - The overall capacity growth in Q3 partially offset the impact of price declines, with a 5.3% increase in available seat kilometers (ASK) [4]. - The unit fuel cost and financial expenses are on a downward trend, contributing to profit improvements [5]. - The report forecasts a rebound in ticket prices, which is expected to enhance profitability [6]. Summary by Sections Financial Performance - For the first three quarters of 2025, the company reported revenue of 137.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.2%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 2.31 billion yuan, up 17.4% [3]. - In Q3 alone, revenue reached 51.4 billion yuan, reflecting a 3.0% year-on-year growth, with a net profit of 3.84 billion yuan, up 20.3% [3]. Capacity and Revenue - The company's capacity growth slowed in Q3, with domestic ASK increasing by 4.5% and international ASK by 9.4% [4]. - The overall passenger revenue decreased by 3.6% year-on-year, indicating pricing pressures, although September saw a price increase of 1.0% [4]. Cost Management - The unit cost decreased by 3.5% year-on-year, with unit fuel costs at 0.14 yuan, down 7.3% [5]. - Financial expenses also decreased, with interest expenses down by approximately 300 million yuan year-on-year [5]. Profitability Outlook - The report projects net profits for 2025-2027 to be 1.84 billion, 4.24 billion, and 7.67 billion yuan respectively, with corresponding price-to-earnings ratios of 68, 30, and 16 [6][7].