Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current state of China's Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Producer Price Index (PPI), highlighting a slight decrease in both indices, indicating ongoing deflationary pressures in the economy. It emphasizes the need for effective demand stimulation and policy coordination to enhance economic recovery and stabilize prices. CPI Analysis - In April 2025, the CPI year-on-year change was -0.1%, consistent with the previous value, while the PPI year-on-year change was -2.7%, lower than the previous -2.5% [1][7] - The CPI month-on-month change was 0.1%, an improvement over the negative growth seen in February and March. Key price increases were driven by reduced imports affecting beef prices, increased travel activity during the May Day holiday, and rising gold prices [8][9] - Beef prices rose by 3.9% month-on-month in April, with the year-on-year decline narrowing by 5.9 percentage points. Travel-related costs, including airfare and accommodation, saw significant increases, contributing approximately 0.10 percentage points to the CPI month-on-month [8][9] PPI Analysis - The PPI month-on-month change was -0.4%, unchanged from March. Input price pressures remain significant, particularly in the oil and gas extraction sector, which saw a month-on-month decline of 3.1% [10][11] - The steel industry continues to face the necessity of capacity reduction, with black metal smelting prices decreasing by 1.0% month-on-month. The construction sector supports cement prices, while the automotive industry experiences ongoing price declines due to technological advancements and market competition [10][11] - The article anticipates that the PPI year-on-year decline may continue to widen due to elevated bases from May to July and external demand pressures affecting capacity utilization in certain industries [4][12] Policy Implications - The People's Bank of China (PBOC) emphasizes that the relationship between money supply and prices is complex and depends on supply-demand dynamics. Effective demand stimulation is crucial for price recovery, necessitating coordinated policies across various sectors [5][14] - The article suggests that optimizing the supply-demand ratio is essential for positive effects from monetary policy expansion. Key policy paths include boosting consumption, stabilizing local investment, and promoting technological and industrial innovation [6][15]

Core Viewpoint - The export growth in April 2025 reached 8.1% year-on-year, exceeding expectations despite the impact of new tariffs from the U.S. [1][5][6] Group 1: Export Performance - April's export growth of 8.1% is higher than the 5.8% growth in the first quarter and significantly above the market expectation of 0.6% [5][6] - Exports to the U.S. decreased by 21.0% year-on-year, but this was still better than anticipated [6][7] - Exports to ASEAN, India, Africa, and Latin America showed strong growth rates of 20.8%, 21.7%, 25.3%, and 17.3% respectively, providing a counterbalance to the decline in U.S. exports [8][6] Group 2: Export Product Categories - Labor-intensive products such as textiles, bags, clothing, and toys saw a combined year-on-year decline of 0.8% [9] - Electronics, particularly mobile phones, were significantly affected by tariffs, with exports down 21.4% for phones and 1.7% for automatic data processing equipment [11] - Home appliances and furniture exports also declined, with year-on-year decreases of 2.9% and 7.8% respectively [12] - Automotive exports showed slight improvement, with a year-on-year growth of 4.4% in April, up from 2.2% in the first quarter [13] - Notable growth was observed in several categories: general machinery equipment exports increased by 17.0%, ship exports surged by 36.1%, and integrated circuit exports rose by 20.2% [13][11] Group 3: Competitive Advantage of Chinese Manufacturing - The April export data highlights the competitiveness and resilience of "Made in China" products [13] - China's manufacturing sector has both scale and efficiency advantages, as indicated by its global manufacturing value added share of approximately 31% in 2021, compared to the U.S. at 16% and Japan at 6% [14] - The Competitive Industrial Performance (CIP) index shows that China has improved its ranking from 35th in 1990 to 2nd in 2021, indicating enhanced efficiency [14] Group 4: Tariff Impact and Future Outlook - Caution is advised regarding the potential impact of tariffs, as historical data suggests that the effects may intensify in the coming months [15] - The PMI for April showed a 4.3-point decline in export orders, indicating a slowdown in demand, particularly in textiles, chemicals, and midstream equipment manufacturing [16] - The current growth dynamics suggest a need for policies to stimulate domestic demand, especially in light of the ongoing tariff pressures [17]

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 在美联储2025年5月议息会议中，FOMC官员一致投票保持联邦基金利率目标区间在4.25-4.5%，这 是自2024年9月启动降息后第三次暂停。同时，美联储表示将继续资产负债表缩减。本次议息会议不降息在 市场预期之内，相对更为重要的是美联储对于经济和通胀等问题的认识。 第二， 新闻发布会中，鲍威尔的开场演说主要观点是经济韧性较强（in a solid position）、通胀持续回 落，货币政策现阶段处于合理位置（in a good place）。（1）一季度GDP环比折年率转负主要由于企业抢 进口导致，但私人最终国内需求保持稳健增长。（2）就业情况亦保持稳健（solid），新增非农前3个月月均 15.5万人，失业率低位、新增增速有序放缓。（3）通胀较2022年年中显著回落，短期通胀预期有所回升， 关税预期为主要背景；长期通胀预期仍然保持稳定 。 第五， FOMC声明变化不大，一是在声明开头增加了"受净出口数据影响"，但仍将经济活动描述为稳健 （solid pace），二是新增"委员会认为失业率上升和通 ...

广发证券 资深宏观分析师 钟林楠 zhonglinnan@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 2025 年 5 月 7 日，央行、国家金融监管总局与证监会在国新办新闻发布会上介绍"一揽子金融政策 支持稳市场稳预期"有关情况，宣布了一揽子逆周期调节政策。我们理解，这是 4 月 25 日政治局会议"加强 超常规逆周期调节"精神的落地。政策涉及内容较多，我们可以简单理解为货币政策、房地产政策、金融政 策、市场政策四个方面。 第二， 货币政策举措共有十项，其中较为关键的包括：（ 1 ）降准 50BP ，投放大约 1 万亿元流动性；（ 2 ）降息 10BP ，引导 LPR 下降 10BP ；（ 3 ）结构性工具降息 25BP ，科创与技术改造再贷款、支农 支小再贷款额度均增加 3000 亿元，创设服务消费与养老再贷款（ 5000 亿元额度）与科技创新债券风险分 担工具，汽车金融公司与金融租赁公司法准率降至 0% 等。与 924 新闻发布会提出的"降准 50BP+ 降息 20BP "组合相比，这次"降准 50BP+ 降息 10BP+ 结构性工具降息 25BP+ 结构性工具扩容 1.1 万 亿 元"的组合 ...

Core Viewpoint - The macroeconomic environment is experiencing significant fluctuations due to tariff impacts, with asset prices showing a "rebound" effect after initial adjustments, leading to increased volatility in global markets [1][2][3]. Group 1: Asset Performance - As of April 30, 2025, the performance ranking of major assets is as follows: Gold > Euro Stoxx > Nikkei > Chinese Bonds > Nasdaq > 0 > Sci-Tech 50 > CSI 300 > Dow Jones > Hang Seng > US Dollar > Hang Seng Tech > LME Copper > Crude Oil [1][13]. - Gold has shown a year-to-date increase of 26.5% and a monthly rise of 6%, leading in both returns and Sharpe ratio among major assets, although it faced a pullback in late April [1][17]. - The domestic stock market exhibited a "dumbbell" characteristic, with small-cap and stable dividend stocks outperforming large-cap stocks, as evidenced by a 5.0% increase in the micro-cap index [1][41]. Group 2: Macroeconomic Indicators - The April manufacturing PMI, services PMI, and construction PMI in China fell to 49.0%, 50.1%, and 51.9%, respectively, indicating initial impacts from external demand [3]. - The US economy is showing signs of negative impacts from trade tensions, with Q1 GDP growth adjusted for inflation recording a negative annualized rate, and consumer spending growth slowing to 1.8% [3]. - The Eurozone and Japan's manufacturing PMIs showed slight increases, indicating some resilience in their economies [3]. Group 3: Market Dynamics - The domestic bond market displayed a dual pricing characteristic of nominal growth and liquidity, with interest rates declining in early April due to tariff impacts and expectations of policy easing later in the month [2][4]. - The stock market is increasingly focused on "finding certainty," with a shift towards dividend-paying and stable sectors amid rising external demand concerns [2][4]. - The correlation between stocks and bonds has deepened, with the rolling 12-month correlation increasing from -0.26 to -0.30, indicating a stronger inverse relationship [28]. Group 4: Sector Performance - In April, only 4 out of 31 sectors recorded positive returns, with beauty care, agriculture, retail, and utilities leading the gains, while sectors like power equipment and telecommunications lagged due to tariff impacts [41][51]. - The real estate market showed a mixed performance, with new home sales declining while second-hand home sales maintained a high growth rate, reflecting resilience in major cities [53]. Group 5: Investment Strategies - The dividend asset timing model indicates a continued rise in dividend scores, suggesting a shift towards dividend-paying stocks as a strategy to mitigate uncertainty [6][7]. - The valuation macro deviation framework suggests that if nominal GDP growth can recover, there will be further room for reasonable valuation expansion in the market [8].

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第五， 美乌签署矿产协议。美国国务院发言人布鲁斯5月2日表示，美国将不再在俄罗斯和乌克兰的谈判中扮 演调解人的角色 。这一表态意味着美国自 2024 年底以来主导的一系列停火与分阶段撤军方案基本搁浅。 第六 ， OPEC+原油增产。5月4日，OPEC+ 在沙特主导下宣布 6 月起日增产 41.1 万桶 ，从此前"小步增 量"转为激进放量，标志政策转向。沙特此举既意在回应长期超产的哈萨克斯坦、伊拉克，也借高闲置产能遏 制美国页岩油。华尔街随即下调布伦特预测，布伦特原油跌至四年低位至58美元/桶。得益于油价下跌，亚洲 航空公司股价均明显上扬。 。 第七， 亚洲货币普遍上涨，彭博亚洲货币指数触及六个月高位。4月30日至5月5日期间，中国台湾地区新台 币、马来西亚林吉特、韩元、新加坡元、泰铢、离岸人民币、印尼盾分别升值6.64%、2.33%、1.66%、 1.09%、1.07%、0.91%、0.9%。我们理解可能一是资金从美元资产流出；二是市场预期未来亚洲的出口 商将会减少美元持有；三是市场认为现阶段已经从关税风险上行 ...

广发证券 资深宏观分析师 贺骁束 hexiaoshu@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 4月工业部门开工率同比涨跌互现，其中钢铁、焦化等内需链仍偏强，外需相关度较高的纺服产业链 率开工率呈回落迹象。截至4月第四周，全国247家高炉开工率（期末值，下同）同比增长3.7pct；焦化企业 开工率同比增长8.8pct。苯乙烯开工率同比增长1.7pct；PVC开工率同比增长1.8pct。汽车半钢胎开工率同 比回落2.9pct，全钢胎开工率同比回落1.0pct。PTA江浙织机负荷率同比回落9.0pct，环比回落5.8pct；涤 纶长丝江浙织机开工率同比回落17.3pct，环比回落8.5pct。纺服产业链开工率回落的情况和PMI数据也较为 匹配，在报告《哪些行业景气度逆势上行：4月PMI简析》中，我们指出：从出口订单来看，纺服、化工、中 游装备制造降幅最大。 第二， 4月建筑资金到位率延续改善，传统基建相关实物工作量仍偏弱，电力侧实物开工相对偏强。据百年 建筑调研，截至4月29日，全国工地资金到位率58.8%，相较3月末环比回升0.9pct，非房建、房建项目资金 到位率环比分别增长0.8、1.7pct。 ...

广发证券 资深宏观分析师 王丹 bjwangdan@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 4月制造业PMI环比下行1.5个点至49.0，环比降幅明显大于2014年以来季节性均值的0.8个点。中观景气面同步放缓，位于扩张区间的行业个数由前值 的8个减少至5个。前期公布的EPMI、BCI指数和PMI指向一致，可以相互印证，显示外需的影响在初步形成。 第二， 从分项指标看，从出口订单向生产、价格、就业的传递链条较为清晰。（1）出口订单环比下行4.3个点至44.7，绝对景气水平为过去10年仅好于2020 和2022年4月的偏低水平，显示了关税落地对外需的影响；（2）企业生产量指标4月环比下降2.8个点，且代表企业未来生产意愿的采购指标环比下降5.5个 点，是所有分项指标中环比降幅最大的，显示了企业在外部冲击下主动调整当期和未来生产的表现；（3）购进和出厂价格环比分别下降2.8和3.1个点，尤其是 出厂价格环比降幅创下过去8个月新低，3月PPI环比已经下降0.4个点的背景下，输入性价格下跌过程尚未结束；（4）雇员指标环比下降0.3个点，这一指标已 经环比连续2个月放缓。 第三， 哪些行业相对来说受影响较 ...

第三， 每一轮技术革命可进一步划分为导入期（Installation Period）和展开期（Deployment Period）。导入期又进一步包括爆发阶段与狂热阶段。在爆发阶 段，新技术初步出现并引发投资热潮，金融资本主导，技术创新与投机泡沫并存；至狂热阶段，技术应用快速扩散，但市场泡沫逐步退潮。展开期进一步包括协同 阶段与成熟阶段。协同阶段的特点是技术逐渐成熟，开始与实体经济深度融合，社会制度（如政策、法规）开始适应新技术，形成稳定的"技术-经济范式"；至成 熟阶段，技术已经全面普及，并开始相对稳定地助力经济增长 。 第四， 关于技术革命对经济增长的影响，经典的理论主要是卢卡斯和罗默的"内生增长理论"、熊彼特的"创造性破坏理论"。内生增长理论把技术进步视为内生变 量，通过人力资本积累、研发投入、知识溢出等因素推动，技术是一种可积累的公共品，会不断地作用于经济。创造性破坏理论则认为技术创新的本质是结构性变 革，是新技术对旧技术的替代，以及它带来的市场垄断权的更迭和产业结构的重组。简单来看二者区别，内生增长理论之下，技术革命是线性的、连续的；创造性 破坏理论之下，技术革命是非连续的、跳跃性的。从"创造性破坏 ...

广发证券 资深宏观分析师 王丹 bjwangdan@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 一季度工业企业营收、盈利均较去年增速有所上行，其中盈利由负转正，同比为小幅正增的0.8%。这与一季度GDP增速实现良好开局的情况比较吻 合。上市公司盈利和规模以上企业盈利在大的趋势上应具有同步性，我们估计表现会大致相似。 第二， 从3月单月来看，规上工业企业营收和盈利也处于加速趋势中。3月规上工业企业营收同比增长4.2%，较1-2月加快1.4个点；工业企业利润同比增长 2.6%，较1-2月的-0.3%加快3.1个点。从量、价、利润率三因素拆解，3月工增同比实现7.7%的高增，营收利润率同比降幅较1-2月小幅收窄，二者共同支 撑了利润的改善；PPI环比和同比降幅扩大，形成对利润改善幅度的制约。 第三， 哪些行业带来了整体利润的改善？从中观角度看，增速较快的行业线索有六：一是受益于涨价和新兴产业需求支撑的有色产业链；二是"两新"政策加力 驱动的专用设备、通用设备、电气机械和仪器仪表行业；三是受益于航空航天产业高速发展 [7]和出口增长的交运设备行业；四是必选消费相关的农副食品行 业；五是公用事业（废弃资源利用 ...