广发证券 资深宏观分析师 贺骁束 hexiaoshu@ gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 6月工业原材料价格小幅回升，能源价格受地缘政治扰动先扬后抑，有色分项价格收涨。截至6月30 日，生意社BPI指数录得857点，相较5月末回升0.1%。其中能源、有色价格（月环比）分别为-0.1%、 1.9% 。 第二， 6月内需定价商品中焦煤、螺纹期货价收涨，月环比涨幅分别为23.4%、2.5%。南华工业品指数环比 正增长，同比降幅较5月进一步收窄 。 第三， 一线城市二手房价格指数涨跌互现，上海二手房价格回稳。截至6月第四周（6月23日），四大一线城 市二手房挂牌价指数相较5月最后一周（5月26日）环比分别录得-0.7%、0.8%、-0.8%、-0.04% 。 第四， 新兴产业链价格涨跌互现，光伏行业综合指数环比继续下行，碳酸锂、半导体相关产品偏强。6月光 伏行业综合指数（SPI）环比回落4.6%（前值-6.9%），其中电池片拖累较大；碳酸锂期货结算价环比回升 5.3%。表征半导体（内存）景气度的DXI指数延续强势，DXI指数（代表DRAM即内存产值变化景气度）环比 上涨29.4% 。 第五， 临沂商 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the mixed performance of various sectors in June, with a notable decline in coal-fired power generation and a slight recovery in construction-related activities [1][3][11] - The coal-fired power generation in June decreased by 1.8% year-on-year, contrasting with a 0.4% increase in May, indicating a downward trend in traditional energy sources as renewable energy gains market share [1][8] - Industrial operating rates showed seasonal characteristics, with steel and coking industries experiencing declines, while the automotive and chemical sectors, particularly styrene, showed marginal improvements [2][9][10] Group 2 - Infrastructure-related indicators improved significantly, with the national construction site funding availability rate at 59.1%, a month-on-month increase of 0.2 percentage points [3][11] - Cement dispatch rates rose to 40.8% year-on-year, up 3.1 percentage points compared to the previous year, indicating a positive trend in construction activity [11][12] - The average daily subway ridership in major cities increased by 2.0% year-on-year, reflecting stable social activity despite seasonal weather impacts [13][13] Group 3 - New home sales showed signs of weakening, with the average daily transaction area in 30 major cities down 8.6% year-on-year, compared to a decline of 3.3% in May [4][15][16] - The automotive and home appliance sectors remained bright spots in the economy, with passenger car retail sales increasing by 24% year-on-year in early June [6][17] - The three major home appliances maintained high sales growth rates, with online sales showing significant fluctuations throughout June [18][19][20] Group 4 - Container throughput growth slowed, but the number of container ships sent to the U.S. showed signs of stabilization, with a year-on-year increase of 9.5% in June [6][21][22] - The overall economic picture for June reflects resilience in the automotive and home appliance sectors, while traditional infrastructure projects are gradually gaining momentum [23][23]

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI for June increased slightly by 0.2 points to 49.7, with six sectors in expansion compared to four in May, indicating a modest recovery in the manufacturing sector [1][5][6]. Manufacturing Sector Summary - The sectors leading in absolute prosperity include petroleum, chemical fiber, electrical machinery, specialized equipment, and agricultural products, benefiting from commodity price influences and large-scale equipment updates [1][7]. - The automotive sector saw a 7.8-point increase in export orders, with a 13.4% year-on-year growth in retail sales during the "618" promotion, and the launch of the 2025 new energy vehicle initiative [2][10]. - The pharmaceutical sector's PMI rose by 7.2 points, ending a two-month decline, influenced by policies supporting innovative drug development [2][10]. - Specialized equipment and non-metallic minerals also showed improvements, with increases of 3.3 and 3.7 points respectively, correlating with the rise in construction PMI [2][10]. - High-energy industries' PMI rose by 0.8 points, reflecting a divergence from overall manufacturing PMI trends [2][12]. Emerging Industries Summary - New materials and next-generation information technology are the only two sectors in the expansion zone for June, with new materials leading for two consecutive months and next-generation information technology for four months [3][13]. - The automotive manufacturing sector improved, but the new energy vehicle segment saw a significant decline in production by 15.9 percentage points, likely due to production cuts and supply-demand adjustments [3][15]. Construction Industry Summary - The construction PMI increased by 1.8 points in June, with residential and construction activity indices rising by 6.1 and 3.4 points respectively, attributed to improved funding for projects and minimal weather impact on indoor construction [3][15][16]. - However, the real estate sector's activity index and new orders declined by 0.7 and 2.9 points, indicating ongoing challenges in the front-end sales segment [3][19]. Service Industry Summary - The information technology and financial services sectors showed the highest prosperity, while offline travel-related industries experienced significant declines, with transportation and hospitality sectors dropping over 5 points [4][19][20]. - The service sector PMI decreased slightly by 0.1 points to 50.1, with various service sectors showing mixed performance [4][20]. Overall Insights - The overall PMI remains low, highlighting the need to focus on mid-level indicators, such as the benefits seen in emerging sectors, the automotive export order increase, and the recovery in pharmaceutical manufacturing [4][21].

Core Viewpoint - In June 2025, three soft indicators showed divergence: EPMI and BCI declined, while manufacturing PMI increased slightly by 0.2 points to 49.7, indicating mixed economic signals in the manufacturing sector [1][3][4]. Group 1: PMI Analysis - The increase in manufacturing PMI is attributed to sample differences, with EPMI focusing on strategic emerging industries and BCI primarily representing private small and medium enterprises. The structure of June's PMI indicates that large enterprises are experiencing improved conditions, while small enterprises are facing downturns [4][5]. - In June, large enterprises' PMI was 51.2, up from 50.7; medium enterprises' PMI was 48.6, up from 47.5; and small enterprises' PMI was 47.3, down from 49.3, highlighting the disparity in performance across different enterprise sizes [5]. Group 2: Industry Performance - Significant increases in PMI were observed in the petroleum processing, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, with respective increases of 8.6, 7.2, and 4.0 points. These changes are expected to have a notable impact on overall data due to the substantial contribution of these industries to manufacturing value added [6][8]. - The rise in the petroleum and chemical sectors is linked to fluctuations in commodity prices, particularly due to recent increases in international crude oil prices [2][6]. Group 3: Employment and Expectations - Manufacturing employment and enterprise expectations both saw declines in June, indicating a slowdown in internal economic momentum when excluding the impacts of commodity price fluctuations [8][10]. - The manufacturing employment index was reported at 47.9, down from 48.1, while the production and business activity expectation index was at 52.0, down from 52.5, reflecting cautious sentiment among manufacturers [9][10]. Group 4: Positive Signals - Despite some negative indicators, there were positive signals in June, such as a slight increase in new export orders to 47.7, which contrasts with the direction of EPMI export orders, suggesting potential for future verification [11]. - The construction sector also showed improvement, with the construction PMI rising by 1.8 points to 52.8, driven by better orders and business activity expectations, likely influenced by recent policy measures aimed at stabilizing the real estate market [10][12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential economic slowdown and the various factors influencing market sentiment, including external trade relations, fiscal policies, and consumer behavior, while highlighting the resilience of certain sectors in the face of these challenges. Group 1: Economic Indicators and Trends - The EPMI, PMI, and BCI indicators show a gradual increase in economic activity from January to March 2025, followed by a pullback in April and stabilization in May [1] - In June, EPMI and BCI data indicate signs of economic slowdown, attributed to external demand weakening, a small cycle slowdown in real estate, and fluctuations in consumer electronics sales due to policy changes [2][3] - The overall economic environment is influenced by external trade discussions between China and the US, with both sides making progress on trade agreements [3] Group 2: Market Reactions and Asset Performance - Global stock markets rebounded in the fourth week of June, with significant gains in US indices, driven by improved risk appetite and expectations of interest rate cuts [5] - The decline in oil prices and the drop in gold prices reflect a shift towards risk-on sentiment, while the performance of commodities like copper has improved due to reduced geopolitical tensions [6][7] - The Chinese stock market showed strong performance, with the Wande All A Index rising by 3.56%, indicating a recovery in investor sentiment and increased trading activity [8] Group 3: Consumer Behavior and Spending - Consumer spending data indicates a slight decline, with personal consumption expenditures (PCE) down by 0.1% in June, suggesting that households are beginning to draw on savings to maintain spending levels [10] - The travel sector is experiencing a resurgence, with predictions of a 5.4% increase in passenger transport during the summer season, reflecting a recovery in travel demand [20][21] Group 4: Policy and Fiscal Measures - The Chinese government is implementing more proactive fiscal policies to stabilize the economy, focusing on employment and market expectations [3][4] - A joint directive from multiple government departments aims to enhance financial support for consumer sectors, indicating a strategic push to stimulate consumption [24][25]

广发证券首席经济学家 郭磊 guolei@gf.com.cn 摘要 第一， 2025年6月BCI读数为49.3，较前值下行1.0个点。这与前期出来的EPMI数据在指向上一致。6月经济继续确认边际放缓迹象。 第二， 销售和利润前瞻指数同步回落，环比分别下行2.7、2.9个点。我们估计可能和需求端一系列边际变化有关：一是房地产在经历放缓脉冲，6月前28天30城 成交同比为-17.8%；二是从港口集装箱吞吐量和EPMI的6月出口订货指标来看，外需存在放缓特征，可能和海外进口商利用关税平静期补库需求已集中释放有 关；三是"国补"换档、第三批资金待下达期间，家电3C产品等终端销售不排除存在短期扰动。 第三， 企业库存前瞻指数环比上行1.5个点。在销售和利润下降的条件下，逻辑上企业不会主动补库；所以库存上升属于需求放缓带来的被动补库。实际上5月规 上工业企业数据就已经显现出类似特征，在报告《5月企业盈利增速出现调整的原因》中，我们指出"价格回落下拉名义库存；但需求弱于供给、产销率下降导致实 际库存有一定程度的被动上升"。 第四， 企业投资和招工前瞻指数一上一下，投资小幅上行0.1个点，招工下行1.4个点。我们理解投资存在 ...

Core Viewpoint - The revenue growth rate of industrial enterprises above designated size has shown fluctuations, with a significant decline in profit margins, indicating a challenging economic environment and potential investment risks [1][9][10]. Revenue Growth - In the first five months of the year, the cumulative revenue growth rate for industrial enterprises was 2.7%, down from 3.2% in the previous period, with May's month-on-month growth dropping to 0.8% [7][8][10]. - The revenue growth experienced a rebound in January and February, followed by a decline in April and May, reflecting a typical economic nominal growth pattern with insufficient growth momentum [1][7]. Profit Margins - The profit margin change was more pronounced than revenue, with May's profit declining by 9.1%, the lowest since October of the previous year, leading to a cumulative profit decline of 1.1% for the first five months [9][10][11]. - The profit growth rate turned negative again in May after briefly turning positive in March, indicating a volatile profit environment [9][10]. Industry Performance Fastest Growing Industries - Equipment manufacturing, particularly in transportation equipment (56%), general equipment (10.6%), and specialized equipment (7.1%), showed significant profit growth [15][16]. - The aerospace sector, including aircraft manufacturing (120.7%) and related equipment, also reported high profit growth rates [15][16]. - Non-ferrous metal mining and smelting industries saw profit increases of 41.7% and 9.8%, respectively, likely due to rising upstream prices and demand from emerging industries [15][16]. Slowest Growing Industries - The upstream mining sector, textile and apparel industries, and durable consumer goods (automobiles and furniture) experienced the lowest profit growth rates, with coal profits down by 50.6% and automotive profits down by 11.9% [19][20]. - The decline in profits for these sectors is attributed to falling commodity prices and weak domestic demand [19][20]. Profit Structure - The profit structure remains concentrated in midstream manufacturing, with equipment manufacturing accounting for 33.4% of incremental profits, up 3.6 percentage points from the previous year [20][24]. - Public utilities and raw materials industries also saw profit shares increase, indicating a shift in profit distribution within the industrial sector [20][24]. Inventory and Debt - As of the end of May, nominal inventory showed a slight decrease, while actual inventory rose by 6.8%, indicating a mismatch between supply and demand [28]. - The asset-liability ratio for industrial enterprises was 57.7%, with a slight increase year-on-year, reflecting a cautious approach to capital expenditure amid weak demand [30].

广发宏观周度述评（第19期） 广发宏观周度述评（第1-18期，复盘必读） 内容 第一， 三季度的增长条件。 2025年上半年，中国实际增长有效修复。"两新"、出口、服务类消费是经济的三大带动力量。前5个月设备工器具投资同比17.3%； 限额以上家电、手机零售同比分别为30.2%、27.1%；出口同比6.0%；服务零售额同比增长5.2%[1]。 三季度经济增长条件如何？ 从约束因素来看，主要有三点：（1）关税影响可能有一个滞后显现。5月出口同比初步有放缓迹象[2]，6月集装箱吞吐量[3]、EPMI出口订单也呈现类似指向 [4]；（2）房地产处于一轮小周期减速脉冲中，5月地产销售、投资降幅有所扩大，一二三线城市新建商品住宅价格指数环比均转负[5]；（3）社零单月同比5月至 6.4%的高位，反映前期积极政策效果的释放，这一增速已经不低（2020年以来年度增速最高是2023年的7.2%，之前一年负增长形成低基数；2019年实际GDP 同比6.1%，对应社零同比8.0%）。部分地区国补换档期间不排除存在月度波动。 从最新的边际变化来看，6月EPMI出现一定程度放缓。EPMI、PMI、BCI三大"软指标"年初以来的走势均 ...

广 发证券资 深宏观分析师 吴棋滢 wuqiying@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 报告摘要 第一， 5 月财政收入增速小幅回踩。公共财政收入同比、税收收入同比分别回落至 0.1% （前值 1.9% ）、 0.6% （前值 1.9% ），但 仍位于正值区间，强于一季度表现。非税收入同比 -2.2% ，为 2024 年以来首次转负。应与财政收入对非税收入的依赖有所减轻有关， 今年预算对非税收入增长目标有明显下调 （目标增速 -14.2% ）。前 5 个月公共财政收入累计同比 -0.3% ，距离年初目标差值（ 0.37 个百分点）较前期有所收窄。 第二， 分税种来看，国内增值税表现较好，累计同比 2.4% ，或与工业企业利润增速好转有关；个人所得税表现较好，累计同比涨幅 扩大至 8.2% （去年年度为 -1.7% ），与低基数、汇算清缴、二手房交易较为活跃、股市年内表现较好背景下部分股东减持等因素有 关。消费税表现中性，和今年较高的社零增速有一定直观上的反差，主要是消费税中烟酒车油等占比较高，其中前两者增速不快；汽车 零售辆增速较快，但由于降价，零售额增速并不快。税收收入的主要拖累项一是外贸环节相关税种， ...

Core Viewpoint - The Strategic Emerging Industries Purchasing Managers Index (EPMI) fell by 3.1 points to 47.9 in June, marking the lowest level for the same period since 2014, indicating a weakening economic environment in the traditional manufacturing off-season [1][5][6]. Group 1: EPMI and Economic Indicators - The EPMI's decline is slightly greater than the seasonal average decline of 1.1 points observed from 2014 to 2024 [1][7]. - The absolute value of 47.9 is 1.4 points lower than the same period last year, reflecting a significant downturn in emerging industries [8][9]. - Among seven sub-sectors of strategic emerging industries, only two are in the expansion zone, a decrease of one from May [9]. Group 2: Supply and Demand Indicators - Production and product order indices fell by 5.5 and 6.0 points respectively in June [2][11]. - The production-to-order ratio increased to 2.0, indicating that demand is declining faster than supply, although it remains below the three-year average [2][12]. - Export orders decreased by 6.6 points, which is a larger drop than overall orders, suggesting a potential downward adjustment in export growth [2][11]. - Purchasing and selling prices fell by 2.4 and 1.2 points respectively, continuing a three-month trend of decline [2][13]. - Research and development activities increased by 2.1 points, ending a three-month decline, but new product launches have decreased for four consecutive months [2][15]. Group 3: Sector Performance - New materials and next-generation information technology are the only two sectors in the expansion zone, with new materials leading for two months and next-generation information technology for four months [3][16]. - The biotechnology sector showed a recovery after two months of decline, while other sectors experienced a slowdown in June [3][16]. - The electric vehicle sector saw a significant drop in production metrics, which was greater than the change in demand, possibly linked to strict accounting periods [3][15][17]. Group 4: Traditional vs. New Industries - The economy can be simplified into "traditional industries + new industries," with traditional industrial operating rates showing divergence [3][18]. - The steel and coking sectors have lower operating rates compared to May, while the chemical industry has seen some recovery [3][18]. - The EPMI data suggests that the manufacturing PMI may also see a slight decline in June [3][18]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The trends in EPMI, PMI, and BCI since the beginning of the year show a gradual increase until March, followed by a pullback in April and stabilization in May [4][18]. - The real estate market's performance and the potential for construction industry counter-cyclical support will be critical moving forward [4][18].