Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that in 2025, major asset classes will experience extreme differentiation under the "narrative embrace," with gold leading the way in risk-reward ratio, and emerging markets outperforming developed markets in equities [1][18] - The asset rotation framework for 2025 differs from previous years, as "narrative trading" has changed the mapping relationship between major assets and economic cycles, indicating a potential shift in pricing dynamics for 2026 [2][25] - The short-term liquidity acts as a "switch" for asset price increases, while narrative trading amplifies these price movements, suggesting a symbiotic relationship between liquidity and narrative trading [3][27] Group 2 - The correlation between assets serves as a window to observe "trend stickiness" influenced by narratives, with three typical scenarios: trend stickiness, mean reversion, and drift towards new fundamentals [4][30] - In the context of U.S. assets, 2025 saw a typical "de-dollarization" narrative in the first half, with liquidity pricing power recovering in the second half, although narrative trading has not reversed [5][34] - For Chinese assets, there is a notable return to negative correlation between stocks and bonds, while the correlation between stocks and commodities is strengthening, indicating a shift in market dynamics influenced by AI narratives [6][38] Group 3 - The cross-analysis between China and the U.S. shows a divergence in the first half of 2025 under the "de-dollarization" narrative, while the second half saw a strong resonance between "AI narratives" and recovering liquidity pricing power [7][42] - Alternative assets like gold are experiencing a return to negative correlation with U.S. assets, while the relationship between gold and long-term developed country bonds has strengthened, indicating competitive dynamics in the context of de-dollarization [8][44] - The speed of response of Chinese assets to narrative shocks has accelerated, positioning them as "leaders" in global market changes, contrasting with the lagging response of U.S. and European assets [9][39]

Group 1: Power Generation and Industrial Activity - The cumulative power generation of coal-fired power plants in December decreased by 8.2% year-on-year, compared to a 7.2% decline in November, indicating a continuation of weak demand in both power and non-power sectors [1][6] - The industrial operating rates showed mixed results, with the operating rate of steel blast furnaces down by 0.7 percentage points year-on-year, while the operating rate of weaving machines in Jiangsu and Zhejiang increased by 0.1 percentage points [7][8] - Key steel mills reported a 1.4% month-on-month decline in crude steel production, with a 4.5% year-on-year decrease, while rebar production fell by 10.5% month-on-month and 16.2% year-on-year [9] Group 2: Construction and Material Supply - The funding availability rate for construction sites improved marginally, with a 0.2 percentage point increase in funding for both non-residential and residential construction [11] - The asphalt production rate remained stable month-on-month but decreased by 0.4 percentage points year-on-year, indicating fluctuations in construction activity [11][12] - The national cement dispatch rate recorded a 30.09% rate, down 3.1 percentage points month-on-month, reflecting a slowdown in construction material supply [12] Group 3: Consumer Behavior and Sales Trends - The average daily subway ridership in major cities increased by 1.4% year-on-year, while domestic flight operations rose by 1.3%, suggesting a slight recovery in consumer mobility [3][12] - Real estate sales remained weak, with a 32.9% year-on-year decline in average daily transactions of commercial housing in major cities during the first half of December [16] - Retail sales of passenger vehicles saw a significant drop of 32% year-on-year, with wholesale sales down by 40%, indicating a contraction in consumer spending in the automotive sector [17] Group 4: Manufacturing and Export Activity - The container throughput at domestic ports increased by 6.7% year-on-year, although this growth rate was lower than the 10.2% recorded in November, reflecting ongoing resilience in trade [21] - The Business Price Index (BPI) showed signs of recovery, with a 0.8% increase compared to the end of November, indicating a potential stabilization in industrial prices [24] - The production of household appliances continued to decline, with online sales of air conditioners, refrigerators, and washing machines dropping significantly, reflecting reduced consumer demand [18][19]

Economic Overview - The economic data for November indicates a significant lack of effective demand, with supply remaining relatively stable. Industrial added value year-on-year is at 4.8%, slightly down from the previous value of 4.9%, primarily due to base effects. The demand side shows a clear divergence, with export growth rebounding while domestic demand remains weak. Fixed asset investment year-on-year is approximately -11%, consistent with previous values. Real estate sales area has seen a slight narrowing in decline, but sales revenue has expanded in its year-on-year decline. Retail sales have significantly slowed to 1.3% year-on-year [1][5][6]. Industrial Production - The seasonally adjusted month-on-month industrial added value is 0.44%, higher than October and roughly in line with the average of the previous ten months, indicating little change in the real intensity of industrial production. High-tech industries have seen a year-on-year added value growth of 8.4%, with significant production increases in integrated circuits and industrial robots. However, smartphone and solar cell production have experienced negative year-on-year growth, while construction materials like crude steel and cement also show negative growth [8][10][12]. Retail Sales - The seasonally adjusted month-on-month retail sales have decreased by 0.42%, marking the lowest point of the year. Among major categories, the highest absolute growth is in communication equipment at 20.6% year-on-year. However, durable consumer goods such as home appliances and automobiles show the lowest growth due to high base effects and reduced promotional efforts [11][12]. Fixed Asset Investment - The seasonally adjusted month-on-month fixed asset investment is -1.03%, slightly better than the previous value of -1.5%. Year-on-year, it stands at -11.1%, consistent with the previous value. Manufacturing investment has seen a slight narrowing in decline, while real estate investment has expanded its decline. Infrastructure investment remains relatively unchanged. The issuance of 500 billion yuan in policy financial tools is expected to support some projects in manufacturing and infrastructure, but current data does not yet reflect this impact [12][13][16]. Real Estate Market - Real estate-related indicators remain at low levels. The sales area has seen a slight narrowing in decline, but the sales revenue decline has expanded. New construction area has also seen a slight narrowing in decline, while construction area has expanded its decline. The price index for new residential properties in 70 large and medium-sized cities has decreased by 0.4% month-on-month, slightly better than October's 0.5% decline, but still among the highest declines of the year [16][17]. GDP Simulation - The simulated actual GDP index based on industrial added value and service production index year-on-year is approximately 4.22%. The cumulative actual GDP year-on-year for the first eleven months stands at 5.02%. The economic data indicates strong resilience in exports, while the main weaknesses lie in domestic demand, particularly in consumption, fixed investment, and real estate [4][17].

Group 1: Macroeconomic Perspective on Inbound Consumption - Inbound consumption has been growing rapidly, with inbound tourists reaching 131.9 million in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 60.8%, and total spending of $94.2 billion, up 77.8% [1] - The proportion of inbound consumption to GDP in China is approximately 0.5%, compared to 1% to 3% in major countries, indicating significant growth potential [2] - The Chinese government is focusing on enhancing the inbound consumption environment, as highlighted in the 14th Five-Year Plan, which aims to cultivate international consumption centers and improve the convenience of inbound tourism [2] Group 2: Advantages and Challenges of Inbound Consumption - China possesses rich natural and historical resources, with 60 UNESCO World Heritage sites, and a robust manufacturing sector that offers diverse products at competitive prices [2] - The supply capacity of tourism infrastructure is currently insufficient, which may constrain the overall experience for inbound tourists [3] - The government is working on optimizing tourism public service systems to match the high-quality development of the tourism industry [3] Group 3: Market Trends and Financial Environment - The U.S. Federal Reserve has lowered the federal funds rate, impacting global markets, with tech stocks experiencing volatility while cyclical and financial sectors show gains [4] - The A-share market is experiencing a mixed performance, with a notable increase in the computing power chain, while the overall trading volume has decreased [9] - The liquidity in the market remains loose, with overnight funding rates hitting new lows, indicating a supportive monetary policy stance [22][23] Group 4: Policy and Economic Outlook - The central economic work conference emphasized the need for a more proactive fiscal policy, aiming to stabilize investment growth and optimize the use of special bonds [25][26] - The government is focusing on enhancing financial support for the real economy, with an emphasis on maintaining low financing costs and improving the efficiency of monetary policy tools [22][23] - The upcoming policies are expected to address structural issues in the economy, including the optimization of consumption policies and the resolution of local government debt risks [28][36]

Core Viewpoint - The financial data for November indicates a notable improvement in corporate financing demand, with the initial effects of policy financial tools becoming evident. However, the residential sector remains a significant shortcoming, primarily due to the ongoing adjustments in the real estate market [4][11]. Group 1: Social Financing and Credit - In November, social financing increased by 2.49 trillion yuan, exceeding market expectations of 2 trillion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 159.7 billion yuan. The stock growth rate of social financing remained stable at 8.5% [1][5]. - The increase in real credit was 405.3 billion yuan, showing a year-on-year decrease of 116.3 billion yuan, marking the fifth consecutive month of decline. The decline was primarily driven by a reduction in residential loans [6][7]. - Corporate loans remained strong, aligning with the high BCI corporate financing environment index for November, indicating a shift in bank assessments towards corporate sectors due to weak residential loan demand [2][7]. Group 2: Government and Corporate Bonds - Government bond financing amounted to 1.2 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 104.8 billion yuan, with expectations for December financing to remain around 1.2 trillion yuan [8]. - Corporate bond financing increased by 416.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 178.8 billion yuan, driven by policy encouragement for technology finance and lower financing costs [8][9]. Group 3: Trust and Other Financing Instruments - The amount of undiscounted bank acceptance bills increased by 149 billion yuan, reflecting a significant expansion in bank bill issuance, likely influenced by lower interest rates [9]. - Trust loans increased by 84.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 75.3 billion yuan, partly due to the spillover effects of policy financial tools on infrastructure financing [9]. Group 4: Monetary Supply and Growth Rates - M1 grew by 4.9% year-on-year, a decline of 1.3 percentage points from the previous month, indicating a continued downward trend following a peak in September [10]. - M2 growth was recorded at 8.0%, a decrease of 0.2 percentage points, primarily due to reduced credit generation [10]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The main highlight of the November financial data is the improvement in corporate financing demand, with a need to monitor the impact of policy financial tools in the upcoming quarters, especially in the construction sector [4][11].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the new macroeconomic policy framework established during the Central Economic Work Conference, which includes five new "musts" aimed at enhancing economic potential, balancing policy support with structural reforms, and focusing on both material and human capital investments [1][9][10] - The first "must" is to fully tap into economic potential to address insufficient effective demand and release domestic demand space [1][9] - The second "must" stresses the importance of combining policy support with reform and innovation to stimulate factor vitality [1][9] - The third "must" highlights the need to invigorate market vitality while improving regulatory frameworks [1][9] - The fourth "must" calls for a close integration of investments in physical assets and human capital, emphasizing the need for increased investment in education, healthcare, and social security [1][9] - The fifth "must" focuses on strengthening internal capabilities to respond to external challenges, including expanding domestic demand and ensuring industrial chain security [1][9] Group 2 - The article discusses the need to "promote investment stabilization," as the decline in fixed asset investment growth has contributed to insufficient domestic demand, with a reported year-on-year decrease of 1.7% in fixed asset investment for the first ten months of the year [2][10] - Policies aimed at stabilizing investment include maintaining necessary fiscal deficits, increasing central budget investment, optimizing project implementation, and enhancing the role of new policy financial tools [2][10] - The article notes that the focus on investment recovery in major economic provinces will be a key point of attention for 2026 [2][10] Group 3 - The article emphasizes that monetary policy will prioritize stabilizing economic growth and ensuring reasonable price recovery, with a focus on the rebound slope of the deflation index as an important observation line [3][12] - Specific measures include the flexible and efficient use of various policy tools such as interest rate cuts and reserve requirement ratio reductions, indicating that these remain options for policy implementation [3][12] - The article highlights the need for financial institutions to support the expansion of domestic demand, technological innovation, and small and medium-sized enterprises [3][12] Group 4 - The article outlines the plan to "formulate and implement a plan for increasing urban and rural residents' income," indicating that this will begin in the coming year and is a key strategy for promoting consumption [4][13] - The focus on enhancing the income of low-income groups and promoting win-win development for platform enterprises and their operators is emphasized [4][13] - The article also mentions the importance of optimizing the implementation of "two new" policies, which may involve adjusting subsidy structures and methods [4][13] Group 5 - The article discusses the need to "stabilize the real estate market," as fluctuations in real estate sales, investment, and prices are constraints on economic growth [5][14] - Policies will focus on risk resolution in key areas, with an emphasis on sales rather than investment, and will include measures to control inventory and optimize supply [5][14] - The article notes that the reform of the housing provident fund system and the promotion of "good housing" construction will be part of the strategy [5][14] Group 6 - The article highlights the importance of "accelerating the clearance of overdue corporate accounts," as this can help restore the credit system and benefit industries with high accounts receivable ratios [6][15] - The focus on clearing overdue accounts is part of a broader strategy to enhance high-quality development and address issues related to corporate cash flow [6][15] Group 7 - The article mentions the need to "deeply rectify involutionary competition," indicating that measures to standardize competition will continue to be a significant macroeconomic focus [7][16] - The establishment of a national unified market construction regulation is seen as a long-term institutionalization of the anti-involution strategy [7][16] Group 8 - The article discusses the formulation of a "strong energy nation construction plan," emphasizing the importance of the new energy sector as a competitive advantage for the country [8][18] - Key areas of focus include building a new power system, promoting coal power upgrades, and expanding the carbon emissions trading market [8][18] Group 9 - The article addresses the need to "improve the local tax system," which is part of the long-term goals outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan [9][19] - The emphasis on accelerating reforms related to consumption tax is expected to create incentives for local tax source cultivation [9][19] Group 10 - The article highlights the need to "advance the reduction and quality improvement of small and medium-sized financial institutions," indicating that restructuring and local specialization will be prioritized [10][20] - The focus on risk resolution and transformation of local financial institutions is part of a broader strategy to enhance the financial system's stability [10][20]

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第九， 简单来看，美联储降息兑现构成对风险资产的利好，对其明年经济的基准乐观情形亦有利于盈利支 撑；美元指数延续 11 月最后一周以来的调整亦有利于非美资产。但美联储高增长低通胀的核心假设具有不 确定性，如果后续通胀约束其降息，则美元反弹将带来扰动 。 正文 第一， 美联储 12 月 9-10 日举行议息会议 ， FOMC 官员投票下调联邦基金利率 25bp 至 3.5%-3.75% ，这是自 2025 年 9 月重启降息后的第三次降息。堪萨斯城联储主席施密德（ Schmid ）、芝加哥联储主 席古尔斯比（ Goolsbee ）倾向于不降息，而理事米兰则倾向于在此次会议上降息 50 个基点。本次议息会 议降息在市场预期之内， 25bp 也属于基准预期情形，相对更为重要的信息是：（ 1 ）美联储点阵图对 2026 年政策路径和经济走势的指引；（ 2 ）美联储对就业市场和通胀的评估。 第二， 12 月点阵图（ dot plot ）显示 2026 年和 2027 年各再降 25bp （和 9 月一致）。经济预测（ S ...

广发证券首席经济学家 郭磊 guolei@gf.com.cn 摘要 第三， 不过在细节上略有区别的是，去年底政治局会议指出 " 充实完善政策工具箱，加强超常规逆周期调 节，打好政策组合拳"，今年在表述上有所变化，政治局会议指出"发挥存量政策和增量政策集成效应，加大 逆周期和跨周期调节力度"。我们理解去年四季度处于" 924" 政策周期刚开始的阶段，所以 " 超常规 " 对应 的是当时一轮逆政策的快速升温；今年仍面临有效需求不足，但经济大致运行在平稳区间，所以需要在保持一 定政策力度的同时，强调存量和增量集成、逆周期和跨周期结合。 第四， 同样逻辑的是，去年底政治局会议强调 " 稳住股市楼市 " 、 " 稳定预期、激发活力 " ，均是从微观 预期着手，从改善经济中对预期最敏感的领域着手，符合逆周期升温阶段的特征；今年底政治局会议强调 " 着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期 " ，则是立足于实体经济的短板部分，如就业和企业盈利等。 第五， 在政策特征上，去年底表述 " 提高宏观调控的前瞻性、针对性、有效性"，今年表述为"增强政策前瞻 性针对性协同性"，强调了协同性，其背后是财政、货币与产业政策协同的政策空间，比如 ...

Core Viewpoint - November exports increased by 5.9% year-on-year, slightly exceeding expectations, following a decline of -1.1% in October, attributed to cautious behavior before the China-US negotiations in late October [1][4][8] Export Performance - The combined export growth for October and November was 2.4%, which is considered normal given the high base [1][4] - Exports to the US saw a significant decline, with the share dropping from 14.7% at the end of last year to 11.3% in the first 11 months of this year [7][8] - Exports to the EU, Africa, and Latin America showed double-digit growth in November, with the share of exports to the EU increasing from 14.4% to 14.9% [7][8] Product Categories - Labor-intensive products (textiles, clothing, bags, toys) saw a combined export decline of -8.5% in November, while traditional electronic products experienced a -9.7% decline [2][8] - High-end manufacturing products (automobiles, ships, integrated circuits) had a remarkable export growth of 42.3% [2][8] - Specific categories like motorcycles, steel billets, cement, agricultural machinery, and fertilizers showed significant growth in exports, indicating a trend similar to early industrialization [2][9] Import Trends - Imports grew by 1.9% year-on-year in November, slightly higher than previous values, with a cumulative decline of -0.6% over the first 11 months of the year [3][11] - Key products with notable import growth included soybeans (13.4%), iron ore (8.5%), and integrated circuits (13.9%) [3][11] - A significant decline was observed in copper imports, which fell by -19.4%, likely due to rising prices [3][11] Economic Insights - The report highlights three mid-term supportive clues for exports: nominal growth benefits from fiscal expansion in Europe and the US, domestic high-end product advantages, and industrialization benefits in regions like Africa and Latin America [5][10][11] - The industrialization process in southern countries, which represent 85% of the global population, is seen as a significant opportunity for Chinese enterprises [10]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the importance of boosting consumer spending as a key macroeconomic policy direction for 2026 and beyond, with specific policy spaces identified for short, medium, and long-term strategies [1][4][5] - Short-term policy measures include extending and expanding direct subsidies, consumer loan interest subsidies, and implementing paid staggered vacations to enhance consumer experience and demand [1][2][3] - Medium-term strategies focus on accelerating consumption tax reform, upgrading consumption infrastructure, leveraging new technologies for product and scene development, and promoting employment-friendly development [4][5] - Long-term perspectives involve improving income distribution systems, enhancing social security, and optimizing consumption through population growth and international demand activation [5][6] Group 2 - The article discusses the impact of the anticipated U.S. interest rate cuts on global markets, leading to a risk-on sentiment and a recovery in stock prices, particularly in technology and materials sectors [6][7][8] - Despite a mixed U.S. economic data landscape, market sentiment remains optimistic, with expectations of a 25 basis point rate cut by the Federal Reserve in December [7][15] - The article highlights the performance of various asset classes, noting a significant rise in copper prices and a stable demand for gold, while U.S. Treasury yields have shown volatility [9][10][12] Group 3 - The article outlines recent policy changes in housing provident fund regulations aimed at supporting housing consumption, including increased withdrawal limits and expanded usage scenarios [27][28][29] - It notes that various regions are implementing measures to optimize housing fund policies, aligning them with population policies and enhancing support for high-quality housing [27][28][29] - The article also mentions the broader context of economic recovery efforts, including the promotion of durable goods consumption and the integration of artificial intelligence in consumer sectors [35][36]