Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article indicates a slight improvement in CPI and PPI, with CPI at -0.3% year-on-year and PPI at -2.3% year-on-year, reflecting a better economic outlook compared to previous months [1][5][10] - CPI shows a month-on-month increase of 0.1%, with consumer goods prices rising by 0.3%, indicating a gradual recovery in consumer demand [6][10] - The core CPI, excluding food and energy, has improved for five consecutive months, reaching 1.0% year-on-year, the first time it has crossed 1% since March 2024 [6][10] Group 2 - Key details from CPI include a continued decline in pork prices at -0.7% month-on-month, and a notable increase in gold jewelry prices, which rose by 6.5% month-on-month and 42.1% year-on-year [2][7] - Rental prices have shown stability with zero growth for two consecutive months, while household appliances have seen a month-on-month increase of 0.6% for three consecutive months [2][6] - Medical service prices have shown a strong upward trend, with a year-on-year increase of 1.9% in September [2][6] Group 3 - PPI has not turned positive in September but has shown zero growth for two consecutive months, an improvement from the previous eight months of negative growth [3][10] - The mining sector has contributed positively to PPI, with a month-on-month increase of 1.2%, while durable consumer goods, particularly in the automotive manufacturing sector, have seen a month-on-month decline of -0.5% [3][10][13] - The cumulative year-on-year decline in the automotive manufacturing sector has expanded to -3.0%, indicating potential pressures on corporate profits and economic pricing [3][13] Group 4 - The macroeconomic outlook suggests a potential stabilization in economic activity, supported by increased project investments and stable domestic demand [4][14] - Despite external pressures such as fluctuating oil prices and tariff disturbances, the domestic liquidity remains adequate, contributing to a stable economic environment [4][14] - Historical data indicates that external tariff disturbances have had limited impact on certain asset classes, emphasizing the importance of intrinsic asset safety margins [4][14]

Core Viewpoint - China's export growth remains resilient, with September exports increasing by 8.3% year-on-year, supported by a low base from the previous year and seasonal stability [1][5][8]. Group 1: Export Performance - September exports showed a year-on-year growth of 8.3%, with a month-on-month increase of 2.1%, aligning with seasonal averages from the past five and twenty years [1][5]. - The third quarter's export growth was 6.6%, meeting expectations, and projections for the fourth quarter suggest a year-on-year growth of 3.6% if seasonal trends hold [8][10]. - For 2025, exports are expected to grow by 5.5% year-on-year, with quarterly growth rates gradually increasing [9][10]. Group 2: Historical Context - From 2000 to 2011, China's export growth was significantly higher than global averages, while from 2012 to 2019, growth slowed [10][11]. - The period from 2020 to 2023 has been characterized by high volatility in exports, with China's growth outpacing global figures in the first two years and lagging slightly in the latter two [12][13]. - Projections for 2024 indicate that China's export growth will exceed global growth by more than double [2][10]. Group 3: Regional Export Dynamics - Exports to the U.S. have seen a significant decline of approximately 27%, while exports to the EU, ASEAN, Latin America, and Africa have shown double-digit growth, with exports to Africa increasing by 56.4% [3][16]. - Cumulative exports to ASEAN and Africa for the first nine months of the year have increased by 14.7% and 28.3%, respectively, now accounting for 23.4% of total Chinese exports [3][16]. Group 4: Product Export Trends - Labor-intensive products such as textiles and toys have seen a decline in exports, while high-end products like machinery and integrated circuits have experienced substantial growth, with increases of 24.9% and 32.7%, respectively [17][18]. - High-tech product exports reached 3.75 trillion yuan, growing by 11.9%, contributing significantly to overall export growth [17]. Group 5: Import Trends - Imports in September grew by 7.4% year-on-year, with significant increases in iron ore, copper, and integrated circuits, potentially driven by policy-related financial tools and project initiations [4][18]. - The acceleration in imports may indicate a positive outlook for investment in the fourth quarter if linked to project commencements [4][18]. Group 6: Economic Environment and Risks - The uncertainty surrounding U.S. de-globalization tariffs could shift macroeconomic dynamics, with potential impacts on domestic demand and fixed asset investment [21]. - The primary economic challenges remain rooted in insufficient fixed asset investment, necessitating close monitoring of fiscal developments [21].

External Tariff Disturbances - Since 2018, tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have shown that China's manufacturing competitiveness is difficult to contain or replace, with China's export share of global exports increasing from 12.7% in 2018 to an expected 14.6% in 2024 [1] - Capital markets typically experience a one-time "provisioning" followed by a "rebound" and "hedging" as external shocks are absorbed, as seen in the market's response to tariff changes in 2025 [2] - The safety margin of the assets themselves is a more critical pricing factor than external disturbances, as evidenced by the performance of the "Mao Index" and "Ning Combination" during tariff escalations [2] Long-term Confidence in Chinese Economy and Assets - There is a maintained long-term confidence in the Chinese economy and assets, with the number of high-tech enterprises expected to reach 463,000 in 2024, 1.7 times that of 2020 [3] - If external demand is impacted, the timing of counter-cyclical policy signals often serves as a crucial asset pricing coordinate, especially in the context of expected growth stabilization in Q4 [3] - A broad-based asset allocation is recommended to avoid excessive exposure to single-sided asset risks, particularly given the high valuations in the US stock market [3] Market Dynamics and Asset Rotation - In the second week of October, risk-off sentiment dominated, leading to a decline in asset rotation and increased volatility, with the VIX index rising above 20 [4] - The global stock market experienced a risk-off phase due to the US government shutdown and tariff escalations, with the S&P 500, Nasdaq, and Dow Jones all declining [5] - Commodity prices showed mixed results, with gold and silver performing well while oil prices retreated [6] Commodity Market Trends - Gold and silver prices have shown strength, with gold rising by 2.3% and silver by 6.6% in recent weeks, reflecting a significant year-to-date increase [7] - The copper market experienced fluctuations, initially rising but then declining due to tariff impacts, with LME copper futures dropping by 3.0% [7] - Domestic pricing for certain commodities, such as rebar, has shown slight recovery, indicating resilience in specific sectors [8] US Economic Indicators and Federal Reserve Policy - The US government shutdown is expected to continue until mid-October, increasing short-term economic uncertainty, while the upcoming CPI report on October 25 will provide critical inflation data for the Federal Reserve [12][14] - Federal Reserve officials have indicated a preference for two 25 basis point rate cuts by the end of the year to support employment and balance risks, reflecting a cautious shift towards gradual easing [15][14] Domestic Economic Indicators - The September construction PMI fell to 49, indicating contraction, but new orders and business activity expectations have shown signs of improvement [21] - The establishment of new policy financial tools has led to significant funding allocations for infrastructure and emerging industries, with over 110 billion yuan already disbursed [22] Price Competition Regulation - The National Development and Reform Commission and the State Administration for Market Regulation have issued guidelines to address price disorder in the market, emphasizing the need for fair competition and self-regulation among businesses [23][29]

Core Viewpoint - The performance of major asset classes in September 2025 indicates a strong showing for technology and gold assets, with a notable divergence in stock and commodity markets, reflecting a cautious sentiment among investors [1][2][14]. Group 1: Asset Performance - In September 2025, major asset performance ranked as follows: Tech > ChiNext Index > Gold > Hang Seng Index > Nasdaq > Japanese Stocks > LME Copper > S&P 500 > CSI 300 > European Stocks > South China Composite > 0 ≈ USD > Chinese Bonds > Crude Oil > Long VIX [1][14]. - Year-to-date (YTD) performance for Chinese technology assets and gold reached 52% as of October 7, 2025, marking them as the top performers [2][14]. - The domestic equity market saw a "red September," with an average daily trading volume of 2.42 trillion yuan, while the CSI 300 index recorded a 2.8% increase [2][38]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The global stock market closed positively, with the Nasdaq and Japanese stocks rising over 5% in September, reflecting optimistic market sentiment [2][28]. - The correlation between stock and bond yields deepened, with the rolling 12-month correlation moving from -0.38 to -0.62, indicating a stronger inverse relationship [2][38]. - The real estate market showed signs of recovery, with year-on-year sales turning positive, particularly in the second-hand housing market [2][38]. Group 3: Macroeconomic Indicators - The macroeconomic landscape is characterized by a divergence in hard and soft data, with the U.S. showing marginal declines in soft data and mixed results in hard data due to government shutdown impacts [3][4]. - China's hard and soft data trends remain consistent, with both showing marginal improvements, particularly in soft indicators like BCI and PMI [3][4]. Group 4: Future Drivers - Future drivers for equity assets may stem from the upcoming quarterly reports and policy announcements, particularly regarding domestic demand and new industries [5]. - The introduction of 500 billion yuan in new policy financial tools is expected to stimulate infrastructure investment, benefiting cyclical sectors [5]. Group 5: Valuation and Timing Signals - The "valuation-macro deviation" framework indicates that the current P/E ratio is at a +1.82 standard deviation, suggesting that the market is approaching a critical valuation point [8]. - The latest timing signals from the M1-BCI-PPI system show a rebound in scores, indicating a stabilization in economic signals [6]. Group 6: Gold Pricing Model - The gold market has seen a 16% increase since September, driven by a combination of Fed rate cut expectations, government shutdown, and geopolitical risks [12][34]. - The sensitivity of gold prices to real interest rates remains low, with projections suggesting potential price levels between $4012.57 and $4118.27 per ounce if real rates decline further [12].

Core Viewpoint - The manufacturing PMI for September indicates a marginal improvement in the economy, with a month-on-month increase of 0.4 points, although the absolute level remains below 50, suggesting ongoing challenges in economic conditions [1][5][6]. Economic Characteristics - The manufacturing PMI rose to 49.8 in September, with 8 out of 15 sub-sectors showing expansion, while 7 sectors contracted [1][6]. - The improvement in economic conditions is attributed to several macro factors, including the implementation of "two heavy" projects, increased consumer demand during the holiday season, AI-related policies, and resilient export orders [1][9]. Sector Performance - Industries experiencing a downturn include raw materials (black and non-ferrous metals, chemicals), certain equipment manufacturing sectors, and textiles [2][16]. - Leading sectors in terms of absolute economic performance include petroleum refining, computer communication electronics, automotive, and agricultural products, driven by cost reductions, AI trends, policy benefits, and holiday consumption [2][17]. Emerging Industries - New generation information technology and energy-saving environmental sectors show the highest economic performance, linked to demand growth from AI computing power and green transformation projects [18]. - The new energy vehicle sector has seen a month-on-month increase in economic performance, aligning with retail data trends [18]. Construction Industry Insights - The construction sector, particularly civil engineering, has seen a significant drop, with a 4.2-point decrease in PMI, falling below the 50 mark for the first time outside of the Spring Festival month since March 2013 [3][19]. - Despite the downturn, new orders in the construction sector have increased for two consecutive months, indicating potential recovery as funding for new policy projects begins to flow [19][22]. Service Industry Trends - The service sector PMI decreased by 0.4 points to 50.1, with high activity in online information technology services and financial services, while travel-related services saw seasonal declines [26][27]. - The financial services sector remains robust, with a business activity index above 60, reflecting high market activity [26].

Economic Stability - Domestic economic data shows marginal stabilization, with the PMI recorded at 49.8 in September, up from 49.4 in August, indicating a slight recovery after a slowdown in July and August [1][6][7] - The EPMI for September increased by 4.6 points to 52.4, reflecting seasonal recovery trends [6] - The BCI index rose from 46.9 in August to 51.1 in September, slightly exceeding expectations [6] Foreign Reserves and Monetary Policy - China's foreign exchange reserves reached $33,387 billion at the end of September, an increase of $165 billion from August, marking a continuous rise after a brief decline in July [1][6][7] - The central bank's gold reserves stood at 7,406 million ounces at the end of September, up by 40,000 ounces from August, marking 11 consecutive months of increases [1][6][7] - The central bank announced a reverse repurchase operation of 1.1 trillion yuan on October 9, aimed at maintaining liquidity stability post-holiday [1][6][8] Travel and Tourism - During the holiday period from September 30 to October 6, the average daily cross-regional movement of people reached 295 million, a year-on-year increase of 6.1% [2][8] - The national migration scale index showed a year-on-year increase of 20.3% during the same period [2][9] - Predictions indicate that daily inbound and outbound travelers during the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival holidays will exceed 2 million, with total cross-border travel expected to increase by over 35% compared to last year [2][12][13] Retail Market Performance - The retail market showed stable growth, with key retail and catering enterprises' sales increasing by 3.3% year-on-year during the first four days of the holiday [3][14] - Sales of green organic food on major e-commerce platforms rose by 20.1%, while energy-efficient appliances saw a 19% increase [3][14] - Movie box office revenues during the holiday period averaged 246 million yuan per day, down 18.0% year-on-year, with attendance also declining by 9.8% [3][14] Real Estate Market - National real estate sales were weaker than the previous year, with average daily transactions in 30 major cities dropping by 19.0% year-on-year during the holiday [3][15] - First-tier cities showed relatively stronger performance, with sales in first, second, and third-tier cities recording year-on-year changes of 5.2%, -31.9%, and -24.7% respectively [3][15] Port Activity and Exports - Port container throughput remained strong, with a year-on-year increase of 12.0% from September 29 to October 5, indicating robust export growth [4][17] - The Ministry of Commerce has initiated investigations into trade barriers following Mexico's anti-dumping investigations against Chinese products [4][17][18] Technological Advancements - Significant breakthroughs were reported in the technology sector, including advancements in solid-state lithium batteries and enzyme catalysis research [4][18][19] Policy Insights - Recent articles in the People's Daily have focused on the current economic situation, emphasizing the resilience and vitality of China's economy under the leadership of the central government [4][20][21]

广发证券资深宏观分析师 陈嘉荔 gfchenjiali@gf.com.cn 广发宏观郭磊团队 摘要 第一， 十一假期期间黄金价格再创新高。伦敦现货金价从 9 月 30 日的 3825.3 美元 / 盎司升至 10 月 6 日的 3949.45 美元 / 盎司。本轮金价上涨从 8 月第 四周开始，主要由美联储货币政策预期变化、美国政策不确定性上升、央行购金等多重因素共同推动。向后看，三个逻辑暂未变化：其一，主要经济体财政赤字率 仍在高位；其二，央行购金的结构性需求构成支撑， ETF 资金在利率下行周期中亦形成新增边际买盘；其三，全球宏观不确定性强化资产配置多元化趋势 。 第二， 美国政府自 10 月初起陷入"关门"状态，白宫与国会未能就预算拨款达成一致为主要背景。这是美国七年来首次政府全面停摆。短期来看，经济数据发布 将被迫中断，联邦雇员停薪休假可能造成局部消费下滑。美国国会预算办公室估计每日约有 75 万名政府雇员被迫停薪休假，这一数字远高于 2018-2019 年 38 万人的水平 。 第三， 海外经济方面，欧央行行长拉加德表示欧元区在面对不确定性的情况下表现良好，增长所面临的阻力明年将会消退，通胀接近 2 ...

Core Viewpoint - The September PMI data indicates a seasonal improvement in the economy, with production outpacing demand and a stable export outlook, despite challenges faced by medium-sized enterprises and the construction sector [1][4][17]. Group 1: PMI Data Insights - The September PMI is reported at 49.8, an increase from the previous value of 49.4, suggesting a slight recovery in economic activity [7]. - The production index reached a new high since February 2024, indicating that production is stronger than demand, with a difference of 2.2 points between the production and new orders indices [8][10]. - The new export orders index stands at 47.8, showing stability in export demand despite fluctuations due to tariffs and external economic conditions [11]. Group 2: Business Size Impact - Large enterprises show a higher PMI of 51.0, while small enterprises improved by 1.6 points, indicating short-term recovery, whereas medium-sized enterprises face more pressure with a PMI of 48.8 [11][12]. - The disparity in performance suggests that large enterprises benefit more from significant projects, while small enterprises gain from exports and emerging sectors [11]. Group 3: Price Trends and Expectations - The price index for September shows a slight decline, indicating that the price trend is not yet solidified, with the purchasing price index at 53.2 and the factory price index at 48.2 [12][13]. - The production activity expectation index has improved, reflecting better microeconomic expectations among businesses, with a value of 54.1 in September [13]. Group 4: Sector Performance - The equipment manufacturing sector shows the highest PMI at 51.9, while consumer goods manufacturing has improved to 50.6, benefiting from seasonal factors like the upcoming National Day holiday [14][15]. - The construction sector remains weak, with a PMI of 49.3, indicating ongoing challenges in fixed asset investment and construction activity [16]. Group 5: Overall Economic Outlook - The stabilization of soft data in September is seen as a positive sign, although the overall economic climate still requires consolidation, with manufacturing PMI remaining below 50 [4][17]. - The need for stronger price trends and investment in infrastructure is emphasized to prevent further economic slowdown [17].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent trends in various commodity prices, highlighting the mixed performance across sectors, with some showing strength due to external factors like overseas interest rate cuts and supply disruptions in Indonesia [1][4]. Group 1: Commodity Price Trends - The BPI index recorded 865 points as of September 29, reflecting a 0.5% decrease from the end of August, with energy prices down 0.6% and non-ferrous metal prices up 3.8% month-on-month [1][4]. - Domestic demand for bulk commodities saw most prices increase, with glass and coking coal futures rising by 15.2% and 2.1% respectively, while chemical products and cement prices saw slight declines [9][10]. - The South China comprehensive index increased by 1.5% month-on-month, with a year-on-year average increase of 6.0% compared to the previous 3.3% [9][10]. Group 2: Real Estate Market - The housing prices in major cities continued to adjust, with the second-hand housing price index for four first-tier cities showing changes of -0.7%, -0.4%, 1.6%, and -0.2% respectively compared to the last week of August [10]. Group 3: Emerging Industries - The photovoltaic and semiconductor sectors showed strong price performance, with the photovoltaic industry composite index rising by 6.9% month-on-month, and the DXI index for the semiconductor sector increasing by 25.7% [11][11]. Group 4: Non-Food Prices - The ICPI index, representing non-food prices, slightly increased to 100.20 as of September 29, with notable increases in housing, daily necessities, and transportation services [14]. - In the export shipping sector, container shipping prices generally declined, with the CCFI index down by 6.0% [14][15]. Group 5: Logistics and Food Prices - The average monthly value of the highway logistics price index increased by 0.6% year-on-year, lower than the previous 0.8% [18]. - Food prices showed mixed trends, with a 3.1% decrease in the average wholesale price of pork, while key vegetable prices rose by 1.4% [19].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights a mixed economic performance in September, with some sectors showing improvement while others face challenges due to high base effects and seasonal fluctuations [10][28]. Group 2 - Power generation data for coal-fired plants showed a significant year-on-year decline of 12.6% as of September 25, attributed to typhoon weather and better hydropower output, leading to reduced coal consumption [1][7]. - Industrial operating rates exhibited mixed results, with blast furnace operating rates increasing by 6.2 percentage points year-on-year, while some sectors like polyester filament saw a decline of 3.1 percentage points [2][8]. - Steel production from key enterprises showed a mixed trend, with rebar production declining by 2.4% month-on-month, while hot-rolled coil production increased by 0.6% [10][12]. Group 3 - Infrastructure funding availability improved, with a funding rate of 59.54% as of September 23, reflecting a month-on-month increase of 0.32 percentage points [3][12]. - The average daily passenger volume for subways in major cities was 60.01 million, showing a year-on-year increase of 2.9% despite a month-on-month decline of 3.8% [13][14]. Group 4 - Real estate sales showed a month-on-month increase of 13.2% in major cities, with a year-on-year increase of 2.9% noted, indicating a recovery from low bases [4][16]. - The retail growth rate for passenger vehicles slowed to 1% year-on-year, while new energy vehicle sales increased by 10% [20][21]. Group 5 - Home appliance sales growth slowed significantly, with offline sales for air conditioners, refrigerators, and washing machines dropping by over 60% year-on-year in mid-September [5][22]. - Container throughput at domestic ports continued to grow at a rate of 7.3% year-on-year, although shipments to the U.S. showed a decline of 22.1% [24][6].