证券研究报告 | 金融工程 2025 年 09 月 29 日 金融助力绿色转型征程（一）：公募基金绿色投资五年演进与展望 ——ESG 系列研究之十四 过去五年，中国绿色公募基金在政策与市场双轮驱动下迅速成长，整体绿色成 色持续提升，但资金高度集中于新能源赛道，呈现高集中度、高波动特征，与 更广泛的绿色经济结构存在偏差。展望未来，国内绿色金融因坚实的内需与政 策连续性而具备独特韧性，随着新一轮 NDC 目标确立，绿色投资需在盈利确定 性与政策导向之间寻找平衡，挖掘能源转型主线之外的投资机遇。 风险提示： 1. 数据与分类风险：本报告基于公开披露信息和绿色收入/产业分类进行分析， 相关标签具有一定主观性，信息披露质量存在差异，可能导致分类偏差或数据 不完全，分析结论仅供参考。 2. 政策与技术风险：绿色产业发展高度依赖政策支持，相关政策或技术迭代的 超预期变化可能影响行业景气、企业盈利及基金持仓回报。 3. 行业周期与市场风险：宏观经济、金融市场波动及行业自身周期可能对绿色 板块带来系统性冲击；部分绿色制造或基础设施类资产的盈利路径受周期和市 场流动性限制，可能导致收益不及预期。 任瞳 S109051908000 ...

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommendation" rating for the industry [2] Core Insights - The total loan scale of 42 listed banks reached 184 trillion yuan by June 2025, with corporate loans accounting for 121 trillion yuan (65.74%) and retail loans at 63 trillion yuan (34.26%) [16][19] - The proportion of retail loans has decreased, with corporate loans providing the main incremental growth. Since 2020, the share of retail loans in total loans has dropped from 41.22% to 34.26%, while corporate loans increased from 58.78% to 65.74%, achieving a credit increment of 78% during this period [16][17] - The decline in retail loans is attributed to weak real estate and consumer demand, with personal housing loans decreasing from 20.18% to 14.11% and credit card loans from 4.96% to 3.39% from 2020 to June 2025 [17][18] - Corporate loans have shifted focus from real estate to broad infrastructure, with corporate real estate loans accounting for only 5% of total loans by June 2025, down from 1.39 percentage points since 2020. Broad infrastructure loans have increased by 5.20 percentage points [18] Summary by Sections Overall Credit Structure Changes - As of June 2025, the total loan scale of listed banks is 184 trillion yuan, with corporate loans at 121 trillion yuan (65.74%) and retail loans at 63 trillion yuan (34.26%) [16] - The shift in credit structure aligns with national strategic guidance and economic cycles, with corporate loans expanding at a much faster rate than retail loans [16][17] Changes in Retail Loan Structure - Personal housing loans and credit card loans have seen a decline in their proportions due to weak real estate and consumer demand [17] - The share of personal housing loans decreased from 20.18% to 14.11%, while credit card loans fell from 4.96% to 3.39% from 2020 to June 2025 [17] Changes in Corporate Loan Structure - Corporate loans have become the core focus for banks during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a cautious approach to real estate lending [18] - The proportion of corporate real estate loans has decreased to 5%, while broad infrastructure loans have increased significantly [18]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content 2. Report's Core View - The report analyzes the primary and secondary market conditions of local government bonds in 2025, including net financing, issuance terms, issuance spreads, secondary spreads, trading volume, and turnover rate, and also provides information on debt - resolution - related bonds and issuance plans [1][5] 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Primary Market Conditions - **Net financing**: This week, local government bonds issued 196.1 billion yuan, with a repayment of 73.6 billion yuan and a net financing of 122.5 billion yuan. The issuance volume and net financing increased. Next week, the planned issuance is 107.2 billion yuan, with a repayment of 9.1 billion yuan and a net financing of 98.1 billion yuan, a decrease of 24.4 billion yuan compared to this week [1][3] - **Issuance term**: The 30 - year local government bond issuance accounted for the highest proportion (38%) this week, and the proportion of 10 - year and above issuances was 84%, an increase compared to last week. The 30 - year issuance proportion increased by about 16 percentage points, while the 7 - year and 10 - year proportions decreased by about 12 and 11 percentage points respectively [1][12] - **Debt - resolution - related local government bonds**: This week, special refinancing bonds issued 1.14 billion yuan. In 2025, 33 regions have disclosed plans to issue special bonds for replacing hidden debts, totaling 1,995.7 billion yuan. Special special bonds issued 5.06 billion yuan this week, and as of the end of this week, the disclosed and issued scales of special special bonds in 2025 are 1,204.9 billion and 1,201.2 billion yuan respectively [2][16] - **Issuance spread**: This week, the weighted average issuance spread of local government bonds was 23.9bp, widening compared to last week. The 15 - year local government bond had the highest weighted average issuance spread at 27.6bp. The weighted average issuance spreads of 7 - year and 10 - year local government bonds narrowed, while those of other terms widened. There was significant regional differentiation [2][25] - **Fund - raising direction**: As of the end of this week, the main investment directions of newly - added special bonds in 2025 were cold - chain logistics, municipal and industrial park infrastructure construction (29%), transportation infrastructure (18%), land reserve (14%), affordable housing projects (12%), and social undertakings (12%). The proportion of land reserve investment increased by 14.2% compared to 2024, while that of cold - chain logistics, municipal and industrial park infrastructure construction decreased by 7.5% [2][30] - **Issuance plan**: As of the end of this week, 35 regions have disclosed their local government bond issuance plans for the third quarter of 2025, with an expected total issuance of 2.9 trillion yuan. The planned issuances of new bonds and refinancing bonds in the third quarter are 1,745 billion and 1,176 billion yuan respectively. Some regions have disclosed their fourth - quarter issuance plans, totaling 844.5 billion yuan, with 540.6 billion yuan in October [3][33] 3.2 Secondary Market Conditions - **Secondary spread**: This week, the secondary spreads of 5 - year and 10 - year local government bonds were relatively high, and the secondary spreads of local government bonds of all terms widened. The 5 - year and 10 - year secondary spreads reached 16.1bp and 15.7bp respectively. The historical quantile of the 5 - year secondary spread in the past 3 years was relatively high at 68%. Regionally, the 3 - 5 - year secondary spreads in each region were relatively high, and the 10 - 15 - year and 15 - 20 - year secondary spreads in medium - strength and strong regions were also relatively high [5][37] - **Trading volume and turnover rate**: This week, the trading volume and turnover rate of local government bonds increased compared to last week. Qinghai had a relatively high turnover rate. The trading volume this week reached 489.1 billion yuan, and the turnover rate was 0.92%. Guangdong, Hunan, and Shandong had large trading volumes, and Qinghai had the highest turnover rate at 4.0%, higher than Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps' 3.7% [5][43]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a recommendation for the banking industry [3] Core Insights - The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the asset-liability structure and interest margin changes of 42 A-share listed banks during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, highlighting a shift towards corporate loans on the asset side and a stronger retail focus on the liability side [12][14] - The asset-liability structure indicates a significant increase in the proportion of corporate loans, rising from 57.02% to 63.22% from the end of 2020 to mid-2025, while the proportion of demand deposits decreased from 41.94% to 30% [12][14] - The report notes a decline in both asset yield and interest margin, with the yield on interest-earning assets dropping from 4.43% to 3.32% and the net interest margin decreasing from 2.23% to 1.53% during the same period [14][15] Summary by Sections Overall Asset-Liability Structure and Interest Margin Changes - The asset-liability structure shows an increase in loan-to-earning asset ratio from 54.19% to 56.49%, with corporate loans making up a larger share of total loans [14][15] - The average yield on interest-earning assets decreased significantly, with the loan yield falling from 5.34% to 3.82% [15] - The net interest margin for listed banks remains higher than that of commercial banks, despite a decline [14][15] Changes in Each Banking Sector's Asset-Liability Structure and Interest Margin - City commercial banks experienced a more significant increase in the proportion of corporate loans, with their interest margin narrowing less compared to other banks [18] - The report highlights that the proportion of deposits in interest-bearing liabilities for state-owned banks decreased, while it increased for rural commercial banks [18] - The decline in interest-bearing liabilities' cost rate was most pronounced in city commercial banks, leading to a smaller reduction in their interest margin [18]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report is the innovative approach to combining investment expectations based on odds and win rates to address the issue of value and growth style rotation [1][8] - The report indicates that the growth style portfolio had a return of -0.48% last week, while the value style portfolio had a return of -0.82% [1][8] Group 2 - The estimated odds for the growth style is 1.11, while the value style is estimated at 1.13, indicating a negative correlation between relative valuation levels and expected odds [2][14] - The current win rate for the growth style is 63.24%, compared to 36.76% for the value style, based on seven win rate indicators [3][16] Group 3 - The latest investment expectation for the growth style is calculated to be 0.33, while the value style's investment expectation is -0.22, leading to a recommendation for the growth style [4][18] - Since 2013, the annualized return of the style rotation model based on investment expectations is 28.06%, with a Sharpe ratio of 1.04 [4][19]

Group 1: Market Insights - The combination of "low deposit rates + high investment returns" is insufficient to attract residents' deposits into the market from both relative and absolute return perspectives[2] - China's excess savings are approximately zero, contrasting with the large excess deposits seen in other markets[3] - The increase in savings rate and decrease in deposit proportion reflect a change in risk preference among residents[4] Group 2: A-Share Market Dynamics - The current A-share market rally is more akin to an "emotional bull market" driven by increased risk appetite rather than a substantial influx of resident deposits[4] - For A-shares to reach new highs, a recovery in earnings is necessary to solidify optimistic sentiment and transition into a "slow bull" market[4] - The expectation of a significant influx of resident deposits into the market lacks triggering conditions in the short term[4] Group 3: Financial Data Analysis - In July, resident deposits decreased by approximately 1.1 trillion yuan month-on-month, with a year-on-year reduction of about 780 billion yuan, raising market concerns[21] - The decrease in resident deposits was primarily due to a 92% contribution from a decline in demand deposits, while time deposits only decreased by 85 billion yuan[21] - In August, resident deposits increased by about 110 billion yuan, indicating a lack of large-scale market entry from deposits[22]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a strong buy rating for several companies in the pig farming industry, including Muyuan Foods, Wens Foodstuff Group, and others [2]. Core Insights - The pig price is experiencing a downward trend due to seasonal demand weakness and government policies aimed at reducing sow production capacity, which may support prices as consumption enters a peak season [1][6]. - The report highlights that the industry is in a capacity release phase, with significant increases in the number of pigs being marketed, while the sales of piglets are seasonally declining [1][6]. - The report emphasizes the importance of cost advantages and strong performance capabilities of leading companies, recommending specific firms for investment [1][6]. Summary by Sections Pig Price Fluctuations and Production Capacity - Pig prices are on a downward trend, with the average price in August 2025 at 13.8 CNY/kg, down 32% year-on-year and 5.6% month-on-month [10]. - The average profit for self-bred pigs in August 2025 is reported at 36.8 CNY per head, a significant decline of 94% year-on-year and 64% month-on-month [14]. - The number of breeding sows decreased by 0.1% month-on-month, indicating a trend of capacity reduction in the industry [14]. Market Supply and Demand - In August 2025, 15 listed pig companies collectively marketed 15.21 million pigs, a year-on-year increase of 23% [32]. - The sales of piglets decreased to 1.21 million heads, reflecting a seasonal decline [32]. - The average weight of marketed pigs fell to 121 kg, down 0.5% year-on-year and 1.3% month-on-month [48]. Investment Recommendations - The report suggests focusing on companies with clear cost advantages and strong performance, specifically recommending Muyuan Foods and Wens Foodstuff Group, while also suggesting to monitor other companies like Shennong Group and DeKang Agriculture [1][6]. - The report anticipates that the supply-side reforms in the pig farming industry may lead to improved cash flow for leading companies, enhancing their intrinsic value [1][6].

证券研究报告 | 宏观点评报告 2025 年 09 月 28 日 政策基调或暂时重回稳增长 ——宏观与大类资产周报 频率：每周 国内方面，1）Q3 价格企稳趋势强化，高频数据显示 9 月传统产业价格重新回 升，受下游需求提振，新能源领域价格回升势头更为明显。2）国内稳增长政 策即将加力，Q4 财政集中发力，但由于 7-8 月经济数据下行过多，完成全年 增长目标仍有压力，预计国庆节后将会出台稳增长相关政策。 海外方面，1）特朗普宣布对重型卡车、厨卫建材、家具、药品加征关税，部 分关税有 232 调查程序作为支撑。2）美国 Q2 实际 GDP 环比折年率上修至 3.8%，经济数据强劲引发降息预期持续降温。 资产方面，1）国内政策基调暂时重回稳增长，或暂时迎来股债双牛。压制融 资成本诉求令利率债或迎来短暂做多窗口，经济回升预期或令权益风格暂时趋 于均衡。2）美国基本面暂无衰退风险，后续降息预期的变化大概率也不会对 市场构成负面影响。一旦 AI 产业高景气度延续就能助力美股继续向上。 货币流动性跟踪（9 月 22 日——9 月 26 日） 流动性复盘： 本周，临近跨季和十一长假，资金面整体延续偏紧。基准利率上行约 1 ...

Core Insights - The report highlights the ongoing high prosperity in certain sectors and the potential for recovery in struggling areas, focusing on industries such as non-ferrous metals, power equipment, machinery, automotive, electronics, and media [2][4][5]. Market Performance and Economic Indicators - In the past month, the market experienced slight fluctuations upward, with the overall indices showing mixed results, particularly in the technology TMT sector and midstream manufacturing, which saw improved prosperity [2][4][17]. - Economic data indicated a general slowdown, with production outpacing demand, and various sectors showing different levels of performance [4][18]. Sector Recommendations - **Non-Ferrous Metals**: Supply disruptions and seasonal demand are expected to drive prices higher, particularly for industrial metals like copper and aluminum, as well as small metals such as rare earths [5][16]. - **Power Equipment**: The solid-state battery industry is advancing, and the solar power sector is benefiting from increased demand and improved pricing structures [5][16]. - **Machinery**: The humanoid robot sector is poised for growth due to domestic technological advancements and supportive policies [5][16]. - **Automotive**: The automotive industry is entering a recovery phase with improved supply-demand dynamics and supportive government policies [5][16]. - **Electronics**: The consumer electronics sector is entering a peak season, driven by innovation and strong demand for AI-related products [5][16]. - **Media**: The gaming sector is experiencing structural recovery, supported by content optimization and AI technology [5][16]. Economic and Sectoral Trends - The report notes that the market is entering a bullish phase, with significant sector rotation expected, particularly in technology-driven areas [4][5][7]. - Analysts have raised profit expectations for several industries, including steel, military electronics, and insurance, indicating a positive outlook for these sectors [7][12]. Trading Dynamics - Recent trading activity has shown a divergence across sectors, with high turnover in consumer electronics and automotive parts, while sectors like oil and gas have seen lower trading volumes [5][7]. - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring policy impacts and fundamental recovery in the coming months, particularly in technology innovation as a growth driver [7][12].

证券研究报告 | 宏观定期报告 2025 年 09 月 28 日 关注俄乌冲突外溢风险 ——国际时政周评 上周回顾：俄乌冲突或局势升级；特朗普宣布新一轮产业关税；美方承诺不会 允许以色列吞并约旦河西岸。 未来一周：俄乌局势；中东和谈进程及伊朗核谈判进程；美国联邦政府面临 "关门"风险；美国新产业关税生效。 ❑ 上周时政回顾： 魏芸 S1090522010002 weiyun@cmschina.com.cn 定期报告 敬请阅读末页的重要说明 1）俄乌冲突或面临升级和外溢风险。1）地缘紧张升级，乌克兰继续袭击俄 能源设施，俄限制部分柴油及汽油出口，本周布伦特原油上涨 4.2%， ICE 柴油上涨 3.5%。2）在近期波兰、爱沙尼亚等国声称俄罗斯无人 机、战机侵入领空的情况下，欧洲国家表示将打击俄战机，俄乌冲突面 临局势升级、范围扩大风险，但欧洲国家内部分歧或影响其实际行动力 度。3）本周特朗普称乌克兰在欧盟和北约支持下，其边界有望"恢复原 状"。相较于以往特朗普敦促乌克兰"接受现实"，特朗普此次表述呈 现出明显对乌克兰的支持。但我们认为这主要是由于特朗普失望于"普 特会"以来俄乌和谈缺乏进展，从实际行动上美方尚未 ...