2025 年 5 月 15 日 总量研究 我国哪些产品可以无惧关税压力？ ——《见微知著》第二十二篇 作者 分析师：高瑞东 执业证书编号：S0930520120002 010-56513066 gaoruidong@ebscn.com 分析师：周可 执业证书编号：S0930524120001 021-52523677 zhouke@ebscn.com 相关研报 以斗争求合作，中方打到美方筹码底线—— 《大国博弈》系列第八十五篇（2025-05-12） 出口为何展现韧性？——2025年4月进出口 数据点评（2025-05-10） 关税压力将如何扰动出口？——2025年3月 进出口数据点评（2025-04-14） 要点 核心观点： 当前美国对自华进口关税税率整体水平大概在 47.1%-49.9%。在新关税水平下，我 国产品仍然具备较强的价格优势。美自华进口单价低于自全世界（除中国外）进口 单价的产品种类占比小幅下降 7.9 个百分点至 54.5%。毛毯、动植物油脂、人造纤 维针织品、吸尘器、椅子、手套、壁挂式空调、鞋靴、运动用品、床上用品等细分 产品的价格优势或面临挑战。 由于前期积压订单释放以及美国进入圣诞备货 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent reduction of tariffs between the US and China has led to a significant increase in container shipping bookings from China to the US, indicating a rebound in trade volume and a shift in supply chain dynamics [1][2][3]. Group 1: Trade Volume and Order Dynamics - Following the tariff reductions, container shipping bookings from China to the US surged nearly 300% [2]. - Companies are experiencing increased urgency from US clients for order fulfillment, with many clients prioritizing production and shipment of US orders [4]. - The demand for products such as herbicides is expected to rise due to previous tariff-related supply shortages in the US market [4]. Group 2: Shipping Rates and Market Conditions - Shipping rates for routes to the US have begun to rise, with the Shanghai Export Container Freight Index for the US West Coast increasing by 10.2% [5]. - Despite a projected 20% decline in China's exports to the US by April 2025, the current demand for Chinese manufacturing remains strong [5][6]. Group 3: Resilience of Chinese Manufacturing - Chinese manufacturers have not seen a significant loss of clients due to tariffs, with many reporting an increase in orders instead [6]. - Companies like 华利集团 and 锐明技术 have maintained or even increased their order volumes, indicating strong resilience in the face of tariff challenges [6][9]. Group 4: Capacity Diversification and Global Strategy - Companies are exploring capacity diversification to mitigate supply chain risks, with some considering production facilities in regions like Southeast Asia and South America [8][9]. - The establishment of overseas production bases is seen as a strategy to reduce trade barriers and logistics costs while maintaining a global supply chain [9].

Core Viewpoint - The recent reduction of bilateral tariffs between China and the U.S. is expected to boost trade volumes and prompt companies to expedite orders and shipments, reflecting a shift in the export landscape [1][3]. Group 1: Impact on Trade and Orders - U.S. customers are urgently requesting shipments, with some even opting for air freight, which was uncommon previously [2]. - The Shanghai Export Container Freight Index indicates a 10.2% increase in the shipping rates for the U.S. West Coast route, reflecting rising demand [2]. - Companies like Huayi Group and Xian Da Co. anticipate increased sales due to tariff adjustments, with Huayi projecting sales of 223 million pairs of shoes in 2024 [1][3]. Group 2: Resilience of Chinese Manufacturing - Chinese manufacturers maintain a strong demand, with many reporting no loss of customers despite previous tariff increases [3]. - Companies are experiencing an influx of orders, with some U.S. clients increasing their order volumes in response to tariff changes [3]. - The expectation of a "rush to export" is prevalent in the industry, driven by the recovery of previously delayed shipments [3]. Group 3: Strategic Adjustments and Global Expansion - Companies are focusing on diversifying their production capacities overseas to mitigate supply chain risks, with plans for new factories in Vietnam and Indonesia [5]. - The strategy includes balancing production across global markets, not limited to the U.S., to enhance supply chain integration and customer service [5]. - Alibaba International Station is actively working to expand the U.S. buyer base and facilitate increased order conversion for Chinese sellers [4].

Group 1 - Recent high-level economic talks between China and the US in Geneva have led to changes in the export chain, with analysts predicting a boost in Chinese exports due to increased demand for urgent exports and capacity relocation [1][3] - Companies like Huayi Group are experiencing a full order book and normal production, ensuring timely delivery despite the tariff situation [1][2] - The shipping rates to the US have started to rise, with the Shanghai Export Container Freight Index showing a 10.2% increase for the West US route [1] Group 2 - Companies have not seen significant order cancellations due to tariffs, with many clients increasing their orders, indicating a stable demand environment [2] - The "rush to export" trend is expected to continue in the short term, driven by uncertainties in US tariff policies and the need for companies to diversify supply chain risks [3] - Companies are focusing on global capacity layout, with plans for production bases in regions like Southeast Asia and the Middle East to optimize customer service and reduce reliance on the North American market [4]

Investment Rating - The industry rating is "Outperform the Market" [3][13] Core Insights - The report highlights a temporary pause in the China-US trade conflict, which is expected to benefit the export sector, particularly in the light industry manufacturing sector [1][4] - The report indicates that in April, China's export value increased by 8.1% year-on-year in USD terms, while exports to the US decreased by over 20%. However, exports to ASEAN and the EU showed significant growth, with increases of 20.8% and 8.3% respectively [4] - The first quarter of 2025 saw a year-on-year revenue growth of approximately 15.9% and a net profit growth of about 17% for major companies in the light industry export chain [4] Summary by Sections Trade Dynamics - The report discusses the recent progress in China-US trade negotiations, resulting in a reduction of incremental tariffs to 30% for the US and 10% for China [4] - The report notes that the export chain sector is expected to maintain strong performance due to the effects of export grabbing and transshipment amid the trade conflict [4] Company Performance - Major companies in the light industry export chain are reported to have robust overseas production capacity and are well-positioned to handle changes in tariff policies [4] - The report suggests that companies such as Jianlin Home, Henglin Shares, and Hars are recommended for attention due to their undervalued status and potential for valuation recovery [4] Investment Recommendations - The report emphasizes that the export chain remains a sub-sector with high short-term performance certainty, with expectations for accelerated export grabbing and transshipment in 2025 [4] - Companies with strong overseas production layouts and good profitability, such as Xiangxin Home and Gongchuang Lawn, are highlighted as potential investment opportunities [4]

报 告 正 文 关税下调大超预期，当下加征多少？ 根据联合声明的内容，美国对我国征收的125%对等关税，幅度降至初始的34%。其中10%的基础关税与其 他国家一样征收，剩下24%的关税在90天内暂停实施，等待后续谈判。由于此前美方已经豁免了超2成中国商品的对等关税，则实际关税下降幅 度会更少一些。 当下我国对美总出口关税水平约41%，包括截至去年底的11%实际关税，今年2-3月因芬太尼问题加征的20%，以及最新对等关税的10%。如果 考虑美国额外豁免的部分商品，则整体关税水平降至38%。 直接出口代替转口，抢出口或仍持续。 由于我国与他国，对美出口关税差额将大幅缩小，则转口贸易规模或出现逆转，贸易流将转换为直接对 美出口。同时考虑到特朗普贸易政策多变，其暂停的24%关税后续仍可能继续征收，那么抢出口行为仍将持续，并支撑我国出口。 年内看好出口，国内有何影响？ 年内我们看好出口，一方面，对等关税加征幅度回落，利好直接对美出口；另一方面，俄乌冲突缓和，欧洲经 济重铸也将进一步拉动我国出口，我们在《欧洲振兴，如何带动我国出口？——掘金欧洲系列之二》已外发报告中测算，欧洲振兴或至少拉动 我国出口1个百分点。不过，外部 ...

Group 1: Macro Economic Trends - Trump's tariff policy raised the average US tariff rate to 27%, exceeding levels not seen since the 1930s, significantly increasing global recession risks[11] - The uncertainty index for US economic policy rose from 504 in March to 566 in April, indicating heightened economic and trade uncertainty[22] - The probability of a US recession increased from 39% at the end of March to 63% by the end of April, reflecting growing recession concerns[22] Group 2: Domestic Market Dynamics - In April, China's exports rebounded significantly, with a year-on-year increase of 8.1%, driven by "export grabbing" strategies[28] - The manufacturing PMI production index remained near the neutral line at 49.8%, indicating stable production levels despite external pressures[34] - Consumer confidence, as measured by the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index, fell to 52.2, the lowest since 2022, reflecting rising inflation expectations[22] Group 3: Policy Responses - A series of financial policies were announced in early May, including a surprise reduction in the reserve requirement ratio, expected to inject approximately 1 trillion yuan into the market[45] - The Central Political Bureau emphasized the need for timely implementation of incremental reserve policies in response to changing economic conditions[42] - The issuance of special government bonds was accelerated, with plans to issue 1.3 trillion yuan in special bonds earlier than in 2024, aimed at supporting economic stability[42]

以下文章来源于申万宏源宏观 ，作者赵伟 屠强 等 申万宏源宏观 . 关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 申万宏源证券研究所 | 宏观研究部 文 | 赵伟、屠强、浦聚颖、耿佩璇 联系人 | 屠强 事件： 5月9日，海关公布4月进出口数据，出口（美元计价）同比8.1%、预期0.6%、前值12.4%；进口 （美元计价）同比-0.2%、预期-6.9%、前值-4.3%。 核心观点：领先指标显示，5月"抢出口"或将继续。 4月出口同比回落主因春节错位扰动消退，春节调整后同比明显回升。 4月出口同比（美元计价）较3月 回落4.3pct至8.1%，更多受春节错位扰动消退的影响。经测算，春节错月因素拖累4月出口增速6.7pct。春 节调整后，4月出口同比较3月回升4.0pct至8.1%。 4月出口偏强主因"抢出口"，包括通过新兴经济体"转出口"与通过加墨"转运"，"4月生产-下旬出港-5月中 旬美国到港"的抢出口数据链条均在改善。 从国别数据看，4月对东盟（+17.6pct到21.0%）、对韩国 （+8.1pct至-0.1%）等出口增速均明显上升。从中观指标看，4月制造业PMI生产指数仍维持49.8%的较高 水平。4月中下旬港口外 ...

Core Viewpoint - The leading indicators suggest that "export rush" may continue into May, with April exports showing a year-on-year increase of 8.1%, significantly influenced by the end of the Spring Festival distortion [2][3][11]. Export Analysis - The decline in April exports is primarily due to the fading impact of the Spring Festival distortion, with a calculated drag of 6.7 percentage points on the export growth rate [3][11]. - The strong performance in April exports is attributed to "export rush," including re-exports through emerging economies and transit through Mexico, with improvements in the data chain from production to shipping [3][19]. - Exports to ASEAN and South Korea saw significant increases, with growth rates of 21.0% and -0.1% respectively, indicating a recovery in trade relationships [3][19]. Resilience in Exports to the U.S. - Exports to the U.S. showed relative resilience, with a decline of only 20.9%, which is significantly less than the 145% tariff increase, indicating the difficulty of replacing Chinese manufacturing [4][30]. - The strong performance in intermediate and capital goods, such as ships and steel, reflects the trend of exporting production materials to emerging countries for processing and subsequent re-export to the U.S. [4][34]. Future Outlook - Leading indicators suggest that the "export rush" effect may persist into May, but uncertainties loom for June exports due to the 90-day tariff suspension on emerging economies and the one-month shipping delay [5][71]. - The processing trade imports, which are a leading indicator for export trends, showed a year-on-year increase of 5.0%, indicating continued export activity in May [5][71]. Regular Tracking - April exports showed a decline in consumer goods, with notable decreases in electronics and textiles, while capital goods like ships saw significant growth [6][42]. - Import growth in April was driven by a recovery in bulk commodity imports, with copper and iron ore showing increases of 22.0% and 8.0% respectively, reflecting a rebound in domestic investment demand [7][73].

Group 1 - The report highlights that after the tariff increases in 2019, domestic counter-cyclical policies and easing external pressures contributed to a bullish equity market. The "export chain" continues to show significant excess returns, indicating a potential "spring" for exports [4][6][8] - The report notes that the tariffs imposed during the Trump administration altered the export structure but did not significantly change export competitiveness. The share of Chinese exports in global exports showed resilience, recovering from 12.8% in 2017 to 14.2% in 2023 [6][30][18] - The report emphasizes that the market's risk appetite will continue to rise, contingent on policy changes, including potential liquidity releases by the Federal Reserve and significant shifts in domestic export data [4][9][6] Group 2 - The report identifies that the "golden pit" of tariff opportunities should be closely monitored, especially if there are signs of policy easing, such as phase exemptions or progress in bilateral negotiations [9][8][6] - The analysis indicates that during the tariff implementation periods, there were notable "export rush" phenomena, particularly in the periods surrounding the announcements and implementations of tariffs [7][8][64] - The report suggests that companies with high exposure to the U.S. market (over 30%) performed better during the "export rush" periods, particularly in industries like industrial machinery and semiconductors [8][7][6]