2025 年下半年宏观经济展望 产业重塑下的宏观剧本 2025 年 06 月 16 日 ➢ 回顾上半年，经济和市场最大的意外和波动是来自于特朗普政策的捉摸不 透。而这种风格带来的主要影响就是预期和实际的分化，例如预期恶化明显，但 实际经济数据却因滞后反应等因素表现韧性。展望下半年，预期和现实的分化会 继续，但是可能会呈现相反的状态。一方面，特朗普政策对预期冲击最大的阶段 已经过去；另一方面，政策对经济的负面影响下半年或将逐步显现。 ➢ 宏观的不确定性依旧是短期内的核心主线，但从更长的视野来看，我们也要 试着去把握一些确定性的叙事和逻辑，海外是美元信用体系的削弱，国内则是"十 五五"等长期战略下，科技产业链的布局。具体来看： [Table_Author] | 分析师 | 陶川 | | --- | --- | | 执业证书： S0100524060005 | | | 邮箱： | taochuan@mszq.com | | 分析师 | 邵翔 | | 执业证书： S0100524080007 | | | 邮箱： | shaoxiang@mszq.com | | 分析师 | 林彦 | | 执业证书： S01005250 ...

Group 1 - Global financial markets are facing a complex test due to intertwined monetary policy decisions and geopolitical risks, particularly highlighted by the upcoming "Super Central Bank Week" led by the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan [1][4] - The Federal Reserve's decision is the focal point, with expectations to maintain interest rates unchanged, but the communication following the meeting will be closely analyzed for insights on future rate paths [2][3] - The Bank of Japan is in a delicate transition phase after ending negative interest rates, with market expectations leaning towards maintaining current rates due to cautious statements from its governor amid external uncertainties [4][6] Group 2 - The geopolitical situation in the Middle East, particularly the escalating conflict between Israel and Iran, is causing heightened risk aversion in the markets, evidenced by declines in U.S. stocks and a surge in the VIX index [7] - There are concerns about the potential spillover of the conflict, especially regarding the threat to the Strait of Hormuz, which could lead to catastrophic impacts on the global economy if oil prices were to spike to $120-130 per barrel [8][9] - The International Energy Agency (IEA) is preparing to release strategic reserves to stabilize the market, reflecting the severity of the situation, while OPEC's criticisms highlight the differing perspectives between oil-producing and consuming nations [10]

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Records Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the impact of geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, particularly the conflict between Israel and Iran, on various asset classes, especially oil and commodities [1][2][7]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Oil Price Dynamics**: Initial expectations of rising oil prices due to the Israel-Iran conflict were tempered by limited Iranian retaliation, leading to a price drop of three to four dollars after an initial spike [4]. Future oil price trends depend on the evolution of the conflict, with extreme scenarios including a full-scale war and blockade of the Strait of Hormuz being deemed unlikely [5]. A neutral expectation suggests high volatility followed by a gradual decline, while an optimistic scenario involves a softening of Iran's stance and potential agreements with the U.S. [5][6]. - **Macroeconomic Environment**: The current macroeconomic environment is uncertain, but there is a general optimism for oil prices in June due to seasonal demand returning and the realization of production increases [6]. The geopolitical premium on oil prices is expected to diminish, but prices are unlikely to return to previous lows [6][8]. - **Inflation and Interest Rates**: Geopolitical tensions are hindering the reduction of inflation expectations in the U.S., which may delay interest rate cuts until September [8]. The high-interest rate environment is expected to suppress global demand, impacting overall economic activity [8]. - **Commodity Market Pressures**: The commodity cycle appears weak, with U.S. inventory levels peaking and a decline in Chinese domestic demand expected to pressure commodity prices [3][12]. The domestic refined oil market is experiencing limited price increases, with a weak outlook for automotive demand [15]. - **Gold Market Trends**: The gold market is driven by geopolitical factors, with central banks, including the People's Bank of China, increasing gold reserves, indicating a strong price trend for gold [10]. Additional Important Insights - **Impact on Chemical Products**: The conflict is affecting the chemical sector, particularly methanol, where Iran is a major supplier to China. Any escalation in conflict could disrupt methanol shipments [17][18]. The market for polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) is facing oversupply and weak downstream demand, leading to profit compression [20]. - **Historical Context**: The current geopolitical situation is compared to past conflicts, such as the Israel-Palestine conflict, suggesting that while volatility may spike, a return to stability is likely [9]. - **Shipping and Logistics**: The conflict has not significantly impacted container shipping, with no immediate effects on major shipping routes [25]. However, the potential closure of the Strait of Hormuz could affect regional throughput, though the probability remains low [26]. - **Market Sentiment and Strategy**: The overall sentiment in the market is cautious, with a focus on monitoring geopolitical developments closely. Strategies may need to be adjusted based on the evolving situation, particularly in the oil and chemical markets [23][28]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, highlighting the implications of the Middle East conflict on various sectors and the broader economic landscape.

宏 观 研 究 2025 年 06 月 13 日 中东冲突升级、美再加征关税，美联储还能降息吗？ ——宏观周报（第 8 期） 投资要点： 宏 观 定 以色列向主要产油国、OPEC 成员国之一的伊朗发动空袭，中东地区 冲突局势再度升级，原油价格大幅飙升。当地时间 6 月 12 日凌晨，以色列 对 OPEC 成员国之一的伊朗发动袭击，受此影响，原油现货价格大幅飙升， 6 月 13 日盘内布伦特原油和 WTI 原油价格一度分别上冲至最高 78.5 美元/ 桶、74.63 美元/桶，日内最高涨幅分别高达 12.0%和 13.2%。此前国际原油 价格受 OPEC+增产计划影响而持续低位运行的局面或将有所逆转。 期 报 告 1970s-1980s 两次石油危机的背景均为中东地区冲突局势升级造成的 原油供给锐减，美联储放任通胀和坚定实施定量紧缩的两种截然不同决策 模式和相应收效或已为鲍威尔指明方向。1973 年 10 月以色列发动第四次 中东战争，OPEC 决定联合实施较为严格的石油出口禁运，第一次石油危 机爆发。本轮油价飙升首先传导至美国的工业品出厂价格，并逐步向 CPI 和核心 CPI 传导，至 1974 年 11 月 ...

Core Viewpoint - Silver is experiencing a resurgence as a valuable asset, driven by its dual role as a safe-haven investment and an essential industrial material, particularly in the context of rising geopolitical risks and economic uncertainty [1][4][8] Group 1: Investment Dynamics - Silver prices have surged over 20% in 2025, with domestic market funds increasing from 18 billion to 39 billion yuan, indicating a strong inflow of capital [1][2] - The price of silver has reached historical highs, with the Shanghai silver futures contract hitting 8,855 yuan per kilogram and international silver futures rising to $37.03 per ounce, marking a 23% increase year-to-date [2][3] - Institutional investors are beginning to allocate more to silver, as evidenced by the increase in silver ETF holdings, although the current allocation remains low compared to gold [7] Group 2: Industrial Demand - Over 50% of silver demand is now driven by industrial applications, a figure expected to rise to 56% by 2025, with the solar energy sector being a significant contributor [4][5] - The growth of the photovoltaic industry is projected to create a demand of 66,000 tons of silver in 2025, driven by the increased use of silver in solar panels [4][5] - Emerging technologies such as 5G, electric vehicles, and artificial intelligence are further increasing silver consumption, with electric vehicles using significantly more silver than traditional vehicles [5] Group 3: Supply Constraints - The supply of silver is facing challenges, with slow growth in global silver mining output and declining ore grades, leading to a projected shortfall of 117.6 million ounces in 2025 [5] - The low recovery rate of silver, particularly from electronic products, exacerbates the supply-demand imbalance, contributing to rising prices [5] Group 4: Market Outlook - Historical trends suggest that silver performs best during early economic recovery and rising inflation, conditions that are currently present [6] - The silver-to-gold price ratio remains high at around 90, indicating potential for silver to catch up in price relative to gold [6] - Long-term investment value in silver is supported by its financial attributes and industrial demand, suggesting that its upward trajectory may continue [7][8]

摘要 2025年上半年，全球宏观经济最大的预期差是"美国例外论"被证伪，原因包括Deepseek时刻、特朗普关税 冲击和美国财政约束。下半年，关税谈判的潜在反复、滞胀预期的验证和《美丽大法案》（One Big Beautiful Bill Act）的落地相互交织，如何把握短期交易节奏、理解"美国否定论"叙事下的全球资金再平衡 的趋势？ 关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、李欣越、王茂宇、赵宇 联系人 | 陈达飞 一、叙事切换：从"美国例外论"到"美国否定论" 2025年上半年，全球宏观经济整体平稳，关税扰动导致全球工业生产和商品贸易"前置"。 2025年1-3月，标 普全球制造业PMI连续3个月运行于50荣枯线以上（50.1、50.6和50.3），4月重回49.8。商品贸易量价呈V 型，截止到5月底，商品贸易价格增速已恢复至年初水平。 然而，美国对等关税引发的新一轮全面贸易冲突为下半年的商品贸易、工业生产和经济增长蒙上了"阴 影"。 IMF 4月世界经济展望下修2025年全球GDP增速预测至2.8%，较1月下降了0.5个百分点。其中，美国 从2.7%下调到1.8%，欧元区从1%下调到0.8% ...

Core Viewpoint - Jamie Dimon, CEO of JPMorgan Chase, warns that the bond market faces a risk of "collapse" if the U.S. government fails to control the growing federal deficit, sparking widespread discussion and varied reactions [1] Group 1: Bond Market Dynamics - Dimon's comments reflect the sentiment on Wall Street during a period of significant turmoil in the bond market, with long-term bond yields rising above 5% in late May, nearing the highest levels since 2007, indicating investor concerns over holding these securities amid increasing budget deficits [2] - Despite a successful auction of 30-year U.S. Treasury bonds on June 12, concerns remain about the demand for long-term bonds from other countries, as rising yields are attributed to a slowing U.S. economy and persistent inflation above expectations [5] - The volatility in long-term bond yields is more pronounced compared to short-term bonds, as long-term bonds typically offer higher interest rates due to their longer repayment periods, leading to increased investor anxiety regarding U.S. Treasury securities [5] Group 2: Global Debt Concerns - The global debt level has reached alarming heights, with the International Institute of Finance (IIF) projecting a record $324 trillion in global debt by Q1 2025, driven by borrowing from countries like China, France, and Germany [6] - Rising inflation and interest rates make it increasingly difficult to sustain such high levels of borrowing, with concerns that continued high bond yields and poor fiscal management could lead to unmanageable debt repayment costs [6][7] - Moody's downgraded the last highest credit rating for the U.S. due to fears that the expanding debt and deficit could undermine the country's status as a primary destination for global capital [7] Group 3: Future Uncertainties - The impact of high borrowing costs on long-term bonds issued during a period of ultra-low interest rates remains uncertain, with rising yields causing unpredictable consequences in the bond market [8] - The ongoing inflation post-pandemic and potential trade policies could further exacerbate inflationary pressures, leading to higher bond yields, while also risking economic activity and complicating monetary policy decisions for the Federal Reserve [8]

据环球网财经报道，6月10日，世界银行发布最新《全球经济展望》报告，将2025年全球经济增长预期从1月预测的2.7%下调至2.3%。这一增速仅优于2009 年金融危机和2020年疫情衰退时期，预示2020年代可能成为自上世纪60年代以来经济表现最差的十年。 无独有偶，华尔街顶级大佬、摩根大通首席执行官杰米·戴蒙在当地时间11日警告称，随着特朗普颁布的关税措施持续产生影响，美国的经济数据可能很快 就会变得令人担忧。戴蒙称，"美国真实的数据会很快急剧恶化。" 世行： 华尔街大佬： 美国经济面临滞胀风险，市场现在过于乐观 与世界银行的预测相呼应，摩根大通首席执行官杰米·戴蒙在6月11日接受采访时警告，美国经济可能很快"恶化"。他特别提到，特朗普政府的高关税和移民 驱逐政策可能推高通胀，同时抑制经济增长，增加"滞胀"风险（即经济停滞与高通胀并存）。戴蒙表示，尽管5月消费者价格指数显示通胀有所降温，但此 时关税的全面影响尚未显现，"企业投资和消费者信心可能在未来几个月受到重创。" ▲当地时间5月20日，德国埃姆登港，大众汽车集团的新车。 根据世界银行对关税战影响的测算，如果2026年和2027年的全球经济增长态势也符合 ...

Group 1 - The current spot gold price has surpassed $3,370 per ounce, attracting market attention, with gold ETFs showing active trading and significant gains [1] - According to the European Central Bank's annual report, gold has replaced the euro as the world's second-largest reserve asset, following the dollar, with gold's share in global reserves reaching 20% in 2024, compared to the euro's 16% [1] - Global central banks have increased gold purchases for three consecutive years, exceeding 1,000 tons annually, which is double the average level of the 2010s, with total gold reserves now at 36,000 tons, nearing historical highs [1] Group 2 - Recent fluctuations in gold prices are attributed to global macro risks, policy dynamics, and funding behaviors, with a recommendation for short-term trading strategies and long-term investment in gold as a hedge against systemic risks [2] - The Federal Reserve's decision to maintain interest rates aligns with expectations, while concerns over tariffs and stagflation risks suggest that rate cuts are unlikely in the short term [2] - The ongoing geopolitical conflicts and the trend of de-dollarization are driving central banks to continue increasing their gold holdings, which is expected to boost gold ETF purchases [2]

Group 1: Inflation Trends - The overall CPI in the US increased by 2.4% year-on-year in May 2025, with a month-on-month increase of 0.1%, which was below market expectations[2] - Core CPI rose by 2.8% year-on-year and 0.1% month-on-month, also falling short of market expectations[2] - Energy inflation continued to decline, with a year-on-year decrease of 3.5% in May, while food prices increased by 2.9% year-on-year[3] Group 2: Core Inflation Insights - Core inflation remained stable, indicating that the impact of tariffs on US inflation may be less than anticipated[3] - The month-on-month growth rate of core CPI was lower than expected, which may alleviate market concerns about inflation[3] - The contribution of core goods to inflation is increasing, with core goods year-on-year growth rising to 0.28% in May[3] Group 3: Tariff Impact - Tariffs are expected to have a gradual impact on inflation, with evidence of businesses passing costs onto consumers[4] - Less than 30% of businesses chose not to pass on tariff costs, with most completing cost transfers within three months[4] - The potential for "stagflation" is currently low, as stable oil and food prices help anchor inflation expectations[5] Group 4: Future Outlook - The Federal Reserve is cautious about interest rate cuts, with the first potential cut expected in Q4 2025, possibly fewer than anticipated[5] - Ongoing monitoring of inflation trends and tariff policies is essential, especially with upcoming FOMC meetings and tax legislation[5]